METALLURGY

Q1. A to F below related to the source and extraction of either Zinc or Aluminium.
A : Bauxite, B: Coke, C: Cryolite, D: Froth floatation, E: Sodium hydroxide solution, F: Zinc blende.
(i) Write down the three letters each from the above list which are relevant to (a) Zinc, (b)
Alumininum.
(ii) Fill in the blanks using the most appropriate words from A to F:
(a) The ore from which alumininum is extracted must first be treated with …….. so that pure aluminium
oxide can be obtained.
(b) Pure alumininum oxide is dissolved in ………… to make a conducting solution.
(iii) Write the formula of Cryolite. (ICSE 2005)
Q2. (a) To protect iron from rusting it is coated process.
(b) Name a non-metal that has a metallic luster and sublimes on heating.
(c) Alumininum is extracted from its chief ore, bauxite.
(i) Write three balanced equations for the purification of bauxite by Baeyer’s process.
(ii) Name a chemical used for dissolving Al2O3. In which state of subdivision is the chemical used ?
(iii) Write an equation for the reaction which takes place at the anode during the extraction of aluminium
by the electrolytic process.
(iv) Mention one reason for the use of aluminium in thermite welding.
(d) Which particular property of cast iron makes it unsuitable for the construction of bridges ? (ICSE 2004)
Q3. In order to obtain alumininum, the following inputs are required : Bauxite, sodium hydroxide and graphite.
The aluminium compound in bauxite is alumimum oxide and the main impurity is iron (III) oxide.
Aluminium is obtained by the electrolysis of aluminium oxide dissolved in cryolite.
(i) When bauxite is treated with sodium hydroxide solution what happens to the: (a) aluminium oxide, (b)
iron (III) oxide ?
(ii) Name the process used for the purification of bauxite.
(iii) Write the equation for the action of heat on alumininum hydroxide.
(iv) Write the formula of cryolite.
(b) Write down the word which correctly completes the following sentence : “By dissolving aluminium
oxide in Cryolite a ……….. [conducting/non-conducting] solution is produced’ .
(c) Why is so much graphite required for this electrolytic process ? Write the equation for the reaction which
takes place at the cathode.
(d) In construction work, state why the alloy duralumin is used rather than pure aluminium ? (ICSE 2002)
Q4. Select the correct answer from the list A, B, C and D given in each statement :
(i) the metallic oxide reduced to metal generally by electrolysis :
A. Fe2O3 B. MgO
C. CuO D. Ag2O
(ii) The metal which does not react with dil. H2SO4 :
A. Mg B. Zn
C. Al D. Hg
(iii) The metal which has a large atomic size and is light :
A. Al B. Fe
C. Li D. Zn
(iv) The neutral oxide :
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 A. NO2 B. N2O
C. P2O5 D. Fe2O3
(v) The lustrous non-metal which conducts electricity, but does not sublime on heating : (ICSE 2005)
A. Sulphur B.Graphite
C. Iodine D. Silicon
Q5. From the lits of characteristics given below, select the five which are relevant to non-metals and their
compounds:
A. Ductile
B. Conduct electricity
C. Brittle
D. Basic oxides
F. Discharged at anode
G. Discharged at cathode
H. Ionic chlorides
I. Covalent chlorides
J. Reaction with dilute sulphuric acid yields hydrogen
K. 1,2 or 3 valence electrons
L. 5,6 or 7 valence electrons (ICSE 2007)
Q6. The following is an extract from ‘Metals in the Service of Man, Alexander and Street/Pelican 1976.
‘Alumina (aluminium oxide) has a very high melting point of over 2000oC so that it cannot readily be
liquefied However, conversion of alumina to aluminium and oxygen, by electrolysis,can occur, when it is
dissolved in some other substance:
(i) Which solution is used to react with bauxite as a first step in obtaining pure aluminum oxide ?
(ii) The aluminium oxide for the electrolytic extraction of alumininium is obtained by heating aluminium
hydroxide. Write the equation for this reaction.
(iii) Name the element which serves both as the anode and the cathode in the extraction of alumininum.
(iv) Write the equation for the reaction that occurs at the cathode during the extraction of alumininum by
electrolysis.
(v) Give the equation for the reaction which occurs at the anode when alumininum is purified by
electrolysis. (ICSE 2007)
Q7. List 1 contains metal alloys, 1,2,3,4,and 5 and the list 2 contains their uses A, B, C, D and E.
List 1 Metal/Alloy List 2 Uses
1. Aluminium A Steel-making
2. Lead B Aeroplane wings
3. Brass C Galvanising
4. Iron D Radiation shield
5. Zinc E Electric fitting
Copy and complete the following table, writing down the letter for correct use of each metal alloy. An
answer may be used once. The first is done for you . (ICSE 2002)
Metal 1 2 3 4 5
Use B
Q8. (a) The following is a sketch of an electrolytic cell used in the extraction of alumininium :

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 (i) What is the substance of which the electrodes A and B are made ?
(ii) At which electrode (A or B ) is the aluminium formed ?
(iii) What are the two aluminium compounds in the electrolyte C ?
(iv) Why is it necessary for electrode B to be continuously replaced ?
(b) Making use only of substances chosen from those given below :
Dilute sulphuric acid, Sodium carbonate
Zinc Sodium sulphite
Lead Calcium carbonate
Give the equations for the reactions by which you could obtain :
(i) hydrogen
(ii) sulphur dioxide
(iii) carbon dioxide (ICSE 2008)
Q9. Find the odd one out and explain your choice (note: valency is not a criterion)
(i) Sulphur, Phosphorus, Carbon, Iodine
(ii) Copper, Lead, Zinc, Mercury (ICSE 2009)
Q10. Correct the following statement: (ICSE 2009)
For Example : Chlorine is a bleaching agent’.
Should read : ‘Moist chlorine is a bleaching agent’.
Haematite is the chief ore of aluminium.
Q11. (a) The sketch below illustrates the refining of alumninium by Hoope’s process. (ICSE 2009)

(i) Which of A and B is the cathode and which one is the anode?
(ii) What is the electrolyte in the tank ?
(iii) What material is used for the cathode ?
(b) State the property of the metal being utilized in the following (ICSE 2010)
Use of metal Property
Zinc in Galvanization
Aluminium in Thermite welding
Q12. For part (i) – (ii), select the correct answer from the choices A, B, C and D which are given.
Write only the letter corresponding to the correct answer.
(i) Which one of the following in not true of metals ?
(A) Metals are good conductors of electricity.
(B) Metals are malleable and ductile.
(C) Metals form non-polar covalent compounds.
(B) Metal will have 1 or 2 or 3 electrons in their valence shell.
(ii) The number of electrons present in the valence shell of a halogen is :

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 (A) 1 (B) 3
(C) 5 (D) 7 (ICSE 2010)

Q13. Name the main constituent metal in the following alloys :

(i) Duralumin
(ii) Brass
(iii) Stainless steel. (ICSE 2010)
Q14. Choose from the following list of substances, as to what matches the description from (i) to (ii)
given below :
[acetylene gas, aqua fortis, coke brass, barium chloride, bronze, platinum]
(i) A black powdery substance used for the reduction of zinc oxide during its extraction.
(ii) The substance is an alloy of zinc , copper and tin. (ICSE 2011)
Q15. What would you observe in the following case ?
When carbon monoxide is passed over heated copper oxide. (ICSE 2011)
Q16. Choose the correct answer from the options given below : (ICSE 2011)
This metal is a liquid at room temperature.
(A) Potassium (B) zinc
(C) Gold (D) Mercury
Q17. Answer the following questions :
(i) Name a metal which is found abundantly in the earth’s crust.
(ii) What is the difference between calcination and roasting ?
(iii) Name the process used for the enrichment of sulphide ore.
(iv) Write the chemical formula of one main ore of iron and aluminium.
(v) Write the constituents of electrolyte for the extraction of alumninium. (ICSE 2011)
Q18. State one observation for each of the following :
(i) A zinc granule is added to copper sulphate solution.
(ii) Zinc nitrate crystals are strongly heated . (ICSE 2012)
Q19. Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Which of the following metallic oxides cannot be reduced by normal reducing agents ?
(A) Magnesium oxide
(B) Copper (II) oxide
(C) Zinc oxide
(D) Iron (III) oxide (ICSE 2012)
Q20. (a) Name the following metals :
(i) A metal present in cryolite other than sodium.
(ii) A metal which is unaffected by dilute or concentrated acids.
(iii) A metal present in period 3, group 1 of the periodic table.
(b) The following questions are relevant to the extraction of alumininum :
(i) State the reason for addition of caustic alkali to bauxite ore during purification of bauxite.
(ii) Give a balanced chemical equation for the above reaction.
(iii) Along with cryolite and alumina another substance is added to the electrolyte mixture.
Name the substance and give one reason for the addition. (ICSE 2012)

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Q21. Match the properties and uses of alloys in list 1 with the appropriate answer from list 2. (ICSE 2012)
List 1 List 2
1. The alloy contains Cu and Zn, is hard, silvery A. Duralumin
and is used in decorative articles.
2. It is stronger than Aluminium, light and is used in B. Brass
making light tools.
3. It is lustrous, hard, corrosion resistant and used in C. Bronze
surgical instruments.
4. Tin lowers the melting point of the alloy and is D. Stainless steel
used for soldering purpose.
5. The l;ower the melting point of the alloy and is E. Solder
used for soldering purpose.
Q22.
X Y
Normal electronic Configuration 2,8,7 2,8,2
Nature of oxide Dissolves in water and turns Very low solubility in water.
Blue litmus red. Dissolves in hydrochloric acid.
Tendency for oxidizing and reducing Tends to oxidise elements and Tends to act as a reducing agent
Reactions Compounds.
Electrical and Thermal conductivity Very poor electrical Good Electrical conductor.
conductivity. Good Thermal conductor.
Tendency to from alloys and analgums No tendency to form alloys. Forms alloys.
Using the information above, complete the following :
(i) …………………… is the metallic element.
(ii) Metal atoms tend to have a maximum of ……………… electrons in the outermost energy level.
(iii) Non-metallic elements tend to form ………… oxides while metals tend to form ……… Oxides.
(iv) Non-metallic elements tend to be ……………. Conductors of hest and electricity.
(v) Metals tend to ……………. Electrons and act as ………….. agents in heat reactions with elements
and compounds. (ICSE 2013)
Q23. The following questions relate to the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis :
(i) Name the other aluminium containing compound added to alumina and state its significance.
(ii) Give the equation for the reaction that takes place at the cathode.
Q24. Choose the appropriate answer from the following options :
(a) Identify the metallic oxide which is amphoteric in nature :
(A) Calcium oxide (B) Barium oxide
(C) Zinc oxide (D) Copper (II)oxide
(b) The matals Zinc and tin are present in the alloy :
(A) Solder (B) Brass
(C) Bronze (D) Duralumin (ICSE 2013)
Q25 Choose the correct answer from the options given below : (ICSE 2014)
(i) The main ore used for the extraction of iron is :
(A) Haematite
(B) Calamine
(C) Bauxite
(D) Cryolite
(ii) Heating an ore in a limited supply of air or in the absence of air at a temperature just below its melting
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 point is known as :
(A) smelting
(B) ore dressing
(C) calcination
(D) bessemerisation
(iii) Aluminium powder is used in thermite welding because :
(A) it is a strong reducing agent
(B) it is a strong oxidizing agent
(C) it is corrosion resistant
(D) it is a good conductor of heat
Q26. Match the options A to B with the statements (i) to (ii) : (ICSE 2014)
A. iron (i) An element with electronic configuration 2, 8, 8, 3
B. metal (ii) The metal that form two types of ions
Q27. State the main components of the following alloys : (ICSE 2014)
(i) Brass.
(ii) Duralumin.
(iii) Bronze.
Q28. Name the following : (ICSE 2014)
(i) The property possessed by metals by which they can be beaten into sheets.
(ii) A compound added to lower the fusion temperature of electrolytic bath in the extraction of
alumininum.
(iii) the ore of zinc containing its sulphide.
Q29. Choose the most appropriate answer for the following :
This is not an alloy of copper: (ICSE 2015)
(A) Brass
(B) Bronze
(C) Solder
(D) Duralumin.
Q30. Give appropriate scientific reasons for the following statement : (ICSE 2015)
Zinc oxide can be reduced to zinc by using carbon but aluminium oxide cannot be reduced by a reducing
agent.
Q31. (i) For each of the substance listed below, describe the role played in the extraction of aluminum.
(1) cryolite
(2) Sodium hydroxide
(3) Graphite. (ICSE 2015)
(ii) Explain why :
(1) In the electrolysis of alumina using the Hall Heroult’s Process, the electrolyte is covered with
powdered coke.
(2) Iron sheets are coated with zinc during galvanization.
Q32. Fill in the blank with the choices given in brackets. (ICSE 2016)
Metals are good ………… (oxidizing agents/reducing agents) because they are electron ………….
(acceptors/donors).
Q33. Choose the correct answer from the options given below : (ICSE 2016)
The two main metals in Bronze are :
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 (A) Copper and zinc
Q34. Identify the term/substance in the following : (ICSE 2016)
The method used to separate ore from gangue by preferential wetting .
Q35. (i) Name the solution used to react with Bauxite as a first step in obtaining pure aluminium oxide, in the
Baeyer’s process.
(ii) Write the equation for the reaction where the aluminum oxide for the electrolytic extraction of
Aluminum is obtained by heating aluminium hydroxide .
(iii) Name the compound added to pure alumina to lower the fusion temperature during the electrolytic
reduction of alumina.
((iv) Write the equation for the reaction that occurs at the cathode during the extraction of alumninium by
electrolysis.
(v) Explain why it is preferable to use a number of graphite electrodes as anode instead of a single electrode,
during the above electrolysis. (ICSE 2016)
Q36. From the list of terms given, choose the most appropriate term to match the given description.
(calcination, roasting pulverization, smelting).
1. Crushing of the ore into a fine power.
2. Heating of the ore in the absence of air to a high temperature. (ICSE 2017)
Q37. (a) Name the following :
(i) The process of coating of iron with zinc.
(ii) An alloy of lead and tin that is used in electrical circuits.
(iii) An ore of zinc containing its sulphilde.
(iv) A metal oxide that can be reduced by hydrogen.
(b) Answer the following questions with respect to the electrolytic process in the extraction of aluminum :
(i) Identify the components of the electrolyte other than pure alumina and the role played by each.
(ii) Explain why powdered coke is sprinkled over the electrolytic mixture.
(c) Complete the following by selecting the correct option from the choices given :
(i) The metal which dos not react with water or dilute H2SO4 but reacts with concentrated H2SO4 is
……….. . (AƖ/Cu/Zn/Fe).
(ii) The metal whose oxide, which is amphoteric, is reduced to metal by carbon reduction ……..
(Fe/Mg/Pb/AƖ)
(iii) The divalent metal whose oxide is reduced to metal by electrolysis of its fused salt is ……. .
(AƖ/Na/Mg/K)