Experiment 7: Tension Test of Steel: School of Civil, Environmental, and Geological Engineering

MAPÚA UNIVERSITY
School of Civil, Environmental, and

Geological Engineering
Experiment 7: Tension Test of Steel
Submitted by:
Aguado, Justine Adrian B.
2020102690
CE152P-2/E01
Submitted to:
Engr. Nald Ruzle Esmeralda
CE152P-2 Course Instructor
Date of Submission:
October 12, 2022
This study source was downloaded by 100000859001554 from CourseHero.com on 01-11-2023 03:50:36 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/174532073/Aguado-CE152P-2-E01-Experiment7-Module3pdf/
Experiment 7: Tension Test of Steel
Justine Adrian B. Aguado
(School of Civil, Environmental, and Geological Engineering, Mapúa University, Philippines)
OBJECTIVES
• To learn what is Tension Test of Steel.
• To determine and solve for the Ultimate Tensile Strength of Steel.
• To know the significance of the Tension test Steel in Civil Engineering.
INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIALS
Meterstick
Weighing Scales
Steel
Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
TRIAL
DIAMETER, mm 16 millimeters
ORIGINAL LENGTH, mm 500 millimeters
FINAL LENGTH, mm 518 millimeters
CHANGE IN LENGTH 18 millimeters
ULTIMATE LOAD, N 103.781 N
BREAKING LOAD, N 60.894 N
ULTIMATE STRESS, N/mm2 516.166 N/mm^2
ACTUAL BREAKING STRESS, N/mm2 302.861N/mm^2
`
Based on the table above, the steel used in this experiment is 16mm in diameter and
500mm long. Before conducting the experiment, the original length of the steel was 500 mm,
while its final length after the Tension Test was 518 mm resulting in an 18mm change in length
after its breaking point. After a specific limit of stress, the rod will break, and it is called the
ultimate Load, where in this experiment 103.781N is the Ultimate Load. The Breaking load or
stress or tension is steadily applied and just sufficient to break the 16mm steel is 60.894N. The
ultimate stress is the maximum value of stress, that material can withstand before undergoing
fracture. After the ultimate stress point, the material loses its strength and undergoes breaking
called actual breaking stress. The Ultimate stress recorded in this experiment is 516.166N/mm^2
while the Actual Breaking Stress is 302.861N/mm^2.
DISCUSSION
Procedures:
1. Initially, the steel rod specimen is cleaned, and the gauge length is marked on it. The gauge
length
is calculated by the formula 5.65√A.
2. Measure the initial length of the steel rod using the meter stick, and mark it with masking
tape. Label it correctly according to your group’s decision.
3. In placing the specimen, the technician will assist us. The handle is operated such that the
specimen firmly fits the top base. The left valve is kept in fully closed position and the right
valve is in a normally open position. Open the right valve and close it after the lower table is
slightly
lifted. Adjust the load pointer to zero with the zero adjusting knobs.
4. In loading the steel rod, turn the right control valve slowly to open position to get the desired
loading rate. When the specimen is under load, slowly unclamp the locking handle. Note the
extension at a convenient load increment. Extensometer must be removed before reaching the
yield point.
5. With increase in load at some point, the load pointer remains stationary. Load corresponding
to this indicates the yield point. With further increase in load, the pointer goes backward and
specimen breaks. The load before this breaking is the ultimate load. The load at the breaking of
the specimen is called as the breaking load.
6. Use the following formula to determine the modulus of elasticity, ultimate stress, and actual
breaking stress.
Modulus of Elasticity = "Stress" /"Strain"
Ultimate stress = "Ultimate Load" /"Original cross-sectional area"
Actual Breaking Stress = "Breaking Load" /"Neck area"
7. Repeat the procedure from steps 1 to 8 for coarse aggregates.
The sort of test used to evaluate the properties of mild steel, ripped steel, and high-tensile
steel under tension is called a tension test on a steel rod.
To assess the qualities of steel, including ultimate strength, percentage elongation, and
Young's modulus, a tension test is conducted on a steel rod. The test involves using a universal
testing machine to apply a tension force to a steel rod (UTM).
The universal testing machine consists of two important units i.e. the loading unit and the
control panel which are briefly described as follows:
i. Loading Unit:
As the name itself implies, the loading unit is the part of UTM that is designed for the
loading of the specimen. This unit consists of three crossheads i.e. upper head, middle head, and
lower head. The respective crossheads are used depending on the nature of the load namely
tensile load, compressive load, and shear load.
ii. Control Panel:

The control panel is the unit of UTM that facilitates and aids the process of load
application on the specimen.
It consists of a pendulum dynamometer to measure the force exerted by the specimen.

The load application is completed by the application of hydraulic pressure.
A load-indicating dial is also mounted at the side of the control panel.

d. Punching Tools
e. Vernier Calipers
f. Extensometer
SIGNIFICANCE
The tensile strength is one of the most essential properties of steel. Apart from that, the
other steel features, such as modulus of elasticity, yield strength, failure, or breaking point, also
play a vital role in the strength of steel. He structural loads
The tension test on steel ensures that the steel has every below-mentioned properties to
withstand the structural loads.
• Yield of Strength – The starting point of steel rod deformation by applying stress is called
yield strength.
• Modulus of Elasticity- The measurement of material stiffness is known as the modulus
elasticity. The ratio between stress and strain is called the modulus of elasticity or
Young’s Modulus.
• Breaking Point of Steel- The steel rod starting to break due to load occurrence is called
the failure or the breaking point of steel.
It is preferable that all building materials used in the project undergo quality testing before
being used. All building materials must be able to withstand internal stresses and have a long
enough lifespan to prevent defoliation, which would shorten the structure's lifespan.
The compressive and tensile strengths of steel were comparable. The applicable stress may
lessen to some extent depending on the laterally unsupported length of a bar in compression.
Tensile stress is measured in steel bars because it represents the strength in the most usable
configuration. It is simple to measure the tensile strength of any given length of the bar. It is
possible to measure elongation correctly. It might buckle during a compression test before failing
under stress. Because the strain should be kept to a specified level for excellent serviceability, a
stress-strain curve is required to assess the quality of steel.
CONCLUSION
At the end of this experiment, we were able to learn the definition, principles,
significance, and applications of the Tension Test of Steel. In addition, during the experiment,
we were able to witness how it is being performed using the Universal Testing Machine or UTM
and how to read the results as well digitally. Lastly, since the UTM provides all the data that we
need to record for its discussion we really enjoyed observing how this experiment is being done,
specifically during the breaking point of the steel.
APPLICATION
The tension test, often known as the tensile test, is frequently used to evaluate the caliber
of materials produced in a variety of businesses. The results of this test will directly affect how
safe the products are. To assess the quality of the materials during the intense tension forces of
use, the test must be conducted. Here are a few applications for tension tests. The hardness and
flexibility of metals are well-known qualities. A sizable amount of tension is given to the
materials in order to measure how elastic the metal is. A tension test can be used to ascertain this.
The tension test aids in determining the strength of a variety of metal items, including girders,
construction angles, metal cables, and other products used in many industries. It is crucial for the
producer to employ a top-notch tensile testing machine to examine the strength of various
materials. One of the most common engineering materials, steel is a staple in the manufacture
and construction of tools, buildings, bridges, appliances, furniture, pipelines, and more.
Analyzing the ultimate tensile strength of steel and alloyed metals, SGS MSi’s tension testing
methods assess the stress-strain response and help you select the best steel type for your
application.
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MAPÚA UNIVERSITY

School of Civil, Environmental, and

Experiment 7: Tension Test of Steel

INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIALS

Universal Testing Machine (UTM)

ii. Control Panel:

It consists of a pendulum dynamometer to measure the force exerted by the specimen.

A load-indicating dial is also mounted at the side of the control panel.

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