CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURE

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study will use the descriptive research design to determine the common factors that

contribute to having Glossophobia in order for the researchers to provide ways of coping with it.

Descriptive research design, when being used in quantitative study, allows the researchers to

analyze facts and helps the study in developing an in-depth understanding of the research

problem. It is a research method used to describe existing phenomena as accurately as possible,

and it attempts to collect and systematically analyze data. Its main objective is to systematically

describe the existing phenomena being studied (Atmowardoyo, 2018).

Furthermore, classifying the descriptive research design according to its purpose, this

study will utilize the descriptive-survey research design. According to an article from VOXCO

(2021), descriptive-survey helps in analyzing the frequencies and identifying patterns in the

survey responses. It is applied to describe the existing problem based on the responses of the

subjects from the survey. From the data that will be gathered, the researchers will tabulate,

analyze, and interpret the data.

The researchers will employ this design in order to study the existing problem of

Glossophobia in school, particularly among 1st Year Students of College of Communication

Arts, including the agents that affect students in having this fear. The findings will serve as input

for the formulation of ways of coping with Glossophobia.

SUBJECTS OF THE STUDY

This study includes the 1st Year students of College of Communication Arts in Kolehiyo

ng Lungsod ng Lipa. Making up the whole year level are 10 sections namely: BACOMM 1-A up

until BACOMM 1-J having 43, 42, 45, 44, 43, 39, 43, 42, 41, and 38 students, respectively. This

sums up to a total of 420 students under the 1st Year level.

As to the number of samples from the population of 1st Year students, Cochran’s formula

was used at ± 0.05 margin of error with the confidence level of 99.5 % and degree of variability

at 0.5. Cochran’s formula, devised by William G. Cochran in 1977, is used to calculate for a

certain precision within a large enough population (Singh, 2022).

Figure 2 shows the computation.

Figure 2.

Cochran’s Formula for a large population:

z 2 pq
n 0=
e2

n0 = sample size

z = z value found in the z table at a given confidence level

p = estimated proportion of an attribute that is present in the population

q = 1-p

e = desired level of precision

2
z pq
n 0=
e2

( 1.960 )2 ( .5 ) (.5)
n 0= 2
(.05)

3.84 (.25)
n 0=
.0025
 0.96
n 0=
.0025

n 0=384

Cochran’s Formula for a smaller or finite population:

0
n
n=
( n0−1)
1+
N

n = reduces sample size

n0 = initial sample size calculated as per larger population criteria

N = population size

384
n=
(384−1)
1+
420

384
n=
383
1+
420

384
n=
1+0.91

384
n=
1.91

n=201

Out of the total population, 201 respondents were taken as samples of the study. The

students will be selected using purposive sampling and the researchers will personally pick them

after consulting to each Class Adviser and Chairperson of all class sections. As stated from the

blog post in Alchemer (2021), judgmental sampling, also known as purposive, selective, or

subjective sampling, is a form of non-probability sampling in which researchers rely on their

own judgment when choosing members of the population to participate in the survey.
DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT

To gather the necessary information, this research study will use the following

instruments and processes:

Construction of Survey Questionnaire

Document Analysis. The survey questionnaire will be conceptualized based on the

various readings and document analysis by the researchers, considering all the possible answers

that the respondents might give. Prior to the data gathering procedure, the researchers will

collaboratively inquire from different online and offline sources to acquaint themselves with the

possible concepts which would be useful to form the survey questionnaire.

Survey Questionnaire. According to Survey Planet (2022), surveys are the easiest and

most efficient way to gain feedback on a particular topic. The same questions will be presented

to all respondents, with fixed response alternatives to choose from.

The survey questionnaire will be subdivided into two parts. The first part will determine

the level of fear they have in public speaking. It will then be followed by the second part which

will be composed of questions regarding possible factors that the respondents have considered in

having public speaking anxiety.

Validation of Survey Questionnaire

After conceptualizing the survey questionnaire, it will be validated by Mr. Mike Renzon

Amazona, a Professional Event Host and a part-time instructor in Kolehiyo ng Lungsod ng Lipa

who is known as the “Trending Host of Batangas” for his incredible public speaking and hosting

skills. The questionnaire will be then revised in accordance with what the validator has

suggested.
Administration of Survey Questionnaire

The validated questions will be transferred to Google Forms which is an online survey

development software by Google.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

Initially, the researchers will conduct several meetings to determine the factors to be

considered during the data collection. The researchers will then seek approval from different

school officials to conduct the survey, such as the Dean of the College of Communication Arts,

as well as the class advisers of all class sections of 1st Year level. Upon the approval, the official

list of names of 1st Year students will be requested since the respondents will be selected from

them.

In addition, an Informed Consent Letter will also be prepared to inform the respondents

about the purpose, conditions, and data gathering methods of the study. It will also include the

consent of the involved persons in this study to let the researchers use their answers for the study

while ensuring its confidentiality.

Upon the approval of the involved persons in the study, the researchers will proceed to

the actual gathering of data using Google Forms, an online web-based platform. The group will

distribute the link of the website through Facebook message or messenger to the respondents.

These links will direct the respondents to the official website of the questionnaire.

Lastly, the researchers will check the Google forms to see the progress of the data

gathering after the allotted days of answering the questionnaire. Straightaway, the data that will

be gathered will be analyzed and presented in graphs, charts, and tabular forms.