Managing Individual

Differences & Behavior

Supervising People as
People

Engineering Management 1st Semester SY 2020-2021

 Module 5: Human Resource Management

Personality & Individual

Behavior

• Personality
the stable psychological traits and behavioral
attributes that give a person his or her identity

Engineering Management 1st Semester SY 2020-2021

 Module 6: Leading

The Big Five Personality

Dimensions
• This Big Five assessment measures your
scores on five major dimensions of
personality: Openness, Conscientiousness,
Extraversion, Agreeableness, and
Neuroticism (sometimes abbreviated
OCEAN)

Engineering Management 1st Semester SY 2020-2021

 Module 6: Leading

The Big Five Personality Dimensions

• Openness to experience
Openness describes a person’s tendency to
think in abstract, complex ways.
High scorers tend to be creative, adventurous,
and intellectual. They enjoy playing with ideas
and discovering novel experiences.
Low scorers tend to be practical, conventional,
and focused on the concrete. They tend to
avoid the unknown and follow traditional ways.

Engineering Management 1st Semester SY 2020-2021

 Module 6: Leading

The Big Five Personality Dimensions

• Conscientiousness
Conscientiousness describes a person’s ability
to exercise self-discipline and control in order
to pursue their goals.
High scorers are organized and determined,
and are able to forego immediate gratification
for the sake of long-term achievement.
Low scorers are impulsive and easily
sidetracked.

Engineering Management 1st Semester SY 2020-2021

 Module 6: Leading

The Big Five Personality Dimensions

• Extraversion
Extraversion describes a person’s inclination to
seek stimulation from the outside world.
Extraverts engage actively with others to earn
friendship, admiration, power, status,
excitement, and romance. Introverts.
Introverts, on the other hand, conserve their
energy, and do not work as hard to earn these
social rewards.

Engineering Management 1st Semester SY 2020-2021

 Module 6: Leading

The Big Five Personality Dimensions

• Agreeableness
Agreeableness describes a person’s tendency to
put others’ needs ahead of their own, and to
cooperate rather than compete with others.
High scorers with great deal of empathy and
tend to get pleasure out of serving and taking
care of others. They are usually trusting and
forgiving.
Low scorers are hostile, competitive, and
antagonistic
Engineering Management 1st Semester SY 2020-2021
 Module 6: Leading

The Big Five Personality Dimensions

• Neuroticism
A person’s tendency to experience negative
emotions, including fear, sadness, anxiety, guilt,
and shame.
High scorers more likely to react to a situation
with fear, anger, sadness, and the like.
Low scorers more likely to brush off their
misfortune and move on.

Engineering Management 1st Semester SY 2020-2021

 Module 6: Leading

Proactive Personality

Proactive personality

• someone who is more apt to take initiative

and persevere to influence the environment

Engineering Management 1st Semester SY 2020-2021

 Module 6: Leading

Five Traits Important in

Organizations
Locus of control
• indicates how much people believe they
control their fate through their own efforts
• internal, external

Self-efficacy
• belief in one’s ability to do a task
• Learned helplessness

Engineering Management 1st Semester SY 2020-2021

 Module 6: Leading

Five Traits Important in

Organizations
Self-esteem
• the extent to which people like or dislike
themselves, their overall self-evaluation
Self-monitoring
• the extent to which people are able to observe
their own behavior and adapt it to external
situations
Emotional intelligence
• ability to cope, empathize with others, and be self-
motivated
Engineering Management 1st Semester SY 2020-2021
 Module 6: Leading

Organizational Behavior
• tries to help managers not only
explain workplace behavior but also
to predict it, so that they can better
lead and motivate their employees to
perform productively

• individual, group behavior

Engineering Management 1st Semester SY 2020-2021

 Module 6: Leading

Three Components of
Attitudes
Affective
• consists of feelings or emotions one has
about a situation
Cognitive
• beliefs and knowledge one has about a
situation
Behavioral
• refers to how one intends or expects to
behave toward a situation
Engineering Management 1st Semester SY 2020-2021
 Module 6: Leading

Attitudes

Cognitive dissonance
• the psychological discomfort a
person experiences between his or
her cognitive attitude and
incompatible behavior
• Importance, control, rewards

Engineering Management 1st Semester SY 2020-2021

 Module 6: Leading

Work-Related Attitudes
Job satisfaction
• extent to which you feel positively or
negatively about various aspects of
your work
Job involvement
• extent to which you identify or are
personally involved with your job

Engineering Management 1st Semester SY 2020-2021

 Module 6: Leading

Work-Related Attitudes
Organizational commitment
• Reflects the extent to which an
employee identifies with an
organization and is committed to its
goals
• Strong positive relationship between
organizational commitment and job
satisfaction
Engineering Management 1st Semester SY 2020-2021