ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OF DIARRHEA PREVALENCE AMONG

UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN RURAL AREA OF NORTH GONDAR ZONE,

ETHIOPIA

Pediatric Ward Research Journal

A paper presented to the clinical instructor in

Chinese General Hospital Medical Center

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in

Care of Mother and Child at Risk or with Problems (Acute and Chronic) RLE N-109
MCN 2 LEC
For the Bachelor of Science in Nursing
Submitted by:
Krizelle Bea S. Mesina

Submitted to:
Ms. Jasmine B. Buena, RN

Group 3 (BSN 2-D)

April 20, 2023

1.1 Title

Environmental factors of diarrhea prevalence among under five children in rural area of
North Gondar zone, Ethiopia

1.2 Author/s

Atalay Getachew, Alebachew Tadie, Mulat G.Hiwot, Tadesse Guadu, Daniel Haile,
Teklay G.Cherkos, Zemichael Gizaw & Marta Alemayehu

1.3 Source of the Article

Getachew, Atalay, et al. “Environmental Factors of Diarrhea Prevalence among under

Five Children in Rural Area of North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia.” Italian Journal of
Pediatrics, vol. 44, no. 1, 16 Aug. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-018-0540-7.

1.4 Objectives of the Study

This study aims To determine the environmental factors predisposing U-5Cin rural area
of North Gondar zone, Ethiopia

1.5 Sample

Children younger than five who had symptoms of diarrhoeal sickness at the two
designated health care institutions were included in the cross-sectional study
design.Seven hundred and forty-three families were included in the study, all of which
were expected to have at least one kid under the age of five. A multi-stage sampling
method was used to select four of the twenty-two districts that make up the North Gondar
Zone at random: Debia, Gondar Zuriya, Chilga, and Sanja. In addition, 25% of all
kebeles in each district were chosen using a basic random sample method, and study
houses were chosen using a systematic sampling method.

1.6 Methodology

Using face-to-face interviews with pretested structured questionnaires and observational

assessments that were prepared in English and translated into the local language,
 Amharic, the data were collected. To enhance the quality of data collection, 16 data
collectors and 8 supervisors received a two-day training on interviewing techniques,
questionnaire content, questionnaire rechecking, and approaches to household heads.

1.7 Results and Conclusion

The intervention led to the identification of six major environmental factors contributing
to the prevalence of diarrhea in a rural area. Significant relationships with diarrheal
morbidity were found between the type of roofing material, the availability of hand
washing facilities, the availability of latrines, the presence of feces near the pit hole, the
presence of feces around the home compound, and the risk of contamination of household
storage.and the general state of people's hygiene practices.In this analysis, diarrhea had a
prevalence of 22.1%. This percentage is similar to the percentage found in east Ethiopia
(22.5%) but is greater than the percentages found in Sebeta town (Oromia Region)
(9.9%) and a rural area (Shebedino District) (19.6%) in the south. The figures are lower
than those of the neighboring Haleala District (26.1%), Afar Region (27.3%), Jigjiga
District (35.6%), Enderta Woreda (32.6%), and Burundi (32.1%) regions of Ethiopia.

1.8 Nursing Implications and Personal Reaction

We all know that a basic hygiene practice, such as washing hands with soap, can reduce
the incidence of infections. As a source of household potable water, unhygienic domestic
water could potentially transmit disease. Ensure that you have effective sanitation
systems, including effluent and sewage. Good hygiene practices include frequently
washing hands with soap before preparing and consuming food and after using the
restroom. It could transmit the infections if the trash cans were not covered. Be sure to
cover it and dispose of the debris in a trash can. Consequently, Inadequate sanitation
factors, such as obstructed drainage near/around the home and breeding sites for
flies/insects near the home, increase the risk of diarrhea in children younger than five
years. Encourage fluid intake and assess the appropriateness of gastrointestinal
preparation protocols based on age, weight, and disease as a nurse. In addition, educate
the patient or caretaker regarding dietary measures to control diarrhea. Permit them to
utilize their free time to meditate and relax in order to manage their tension. We can
educate and encourage them on the significance of excellent food sanitation and
handwashing in reducing the incidence of diarrhea across all demographic groups.
References

Getachew, Atalay, et al. “Environmental Factors of Diarrhea Prevalence among under

Five Children in Rural Area of North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia.” Italian Journal of
Pediatrics, vol. 44, no. 1, 16 Aug. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-018-0540-7.