John Locke, (born August 29, 1632, Wrington, Somerset, England—died October 28, 1704, High Laver, Essex),

English
philosopher whose works lie at the foundation of modern philosophical empiricism and political liberalism. He was an
inspirer of both the European Enlightenment and the Constitution of the United States.

Immanuel Kant, (born April 22, 1724, Kö nigsberg, Prussia [now Kaliningrad, Russia]—died February 12, 1804,
Kö nigsberg), German philosopher whose comprehensive and systematic work in epistemology (the theory of knowledge),
ethics, and aesthetics greatly influenced all subsequent philosophy, especially the various ...

Hume was an Empiricist, meaning he believed "causes and effects are discoverable not by reason, but by experience". .
Hume explains his theory of Causation and causal inference by division into three different parts. Aug 21, 2019 - David
Hume, (born May 7 [April 26, Old Style], 1711, Edinburgh, Scotland—died August 25, 1776, Edinburgh), Scottish
philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist known especially for his philosophical empiricism and
skepticism. ... Hume conceived of philosophy as the inductive...

Descartes has been heralded as the first modern philosopher. He is famous for having made an important connection
between geometry and algebra, which allowed for the solving of geometrical problems by way of algebraic equations. At
the heart of Descartes' philosophical method was his refusal to accept the authority of previous philosophers, and even
of the evidence of his own senses and to trust only that which was clearly and distinctly seen to be beyond any doubt (a
process often referred to as methodological skepticism or Cartesian doubt ...

Sigmund Freud (/frɔɪd/ FROYD; German: [ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt]; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September
1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology
through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of
psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.
Freud was born to Galician Jewish parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg, in the Austrian Empire. 

Gilbert Ryle.Gilbert Ryle was a British philosopher. He was a representative of the generation of British ordinary language
philosophers who shared Ludwig Wittgenstein's approach to philosophical problems, and is principally known for his
critique of Cartesian dualism, for which he coined the phrase "the ghost in the machine. Gilbert Ryle (1900 - 1976) was a
20th Century British philosopher, mainly associated with the Ordinary Language Philosophy movement. He had an
enormous influence on the development of 20th Century Analytic Philosophy, particularly in the areas of Philosophy of
Mind and Philosophy of Language.

Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty (French: [mɔʁis mɛʁlo pɔ̃ ti]; 14 March 1908 – 3 May 1961) was a French
phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger. The constitution of
meaning in human experience was his main interest and he wrote on perception, art, and politics. Maurice Jean
Jacques Merleau-Ponty (French: [mɔʁis mɛʁlo pɔ̃ ti]; 14 March 1908 – 3 May 1961) was a French phenomenological
philosopher, strongly influenced by Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger. The constitution of meaning in human
experience was his main interest and he wrote on perception, art, and politics.

Paul Churchland (born 1942) is a Canadian philosopher and author. He is currently the Emeritus Professor of Philosophy
at the University of California, San Diego. His research focuses on epistemology, perception, philosophy of cognitive
science, philosophy of mind, philosophy of neuroscience, and philosophy of science.Paul Montgomery Churchland is a
Canadian philosopher known for his studies in neuro-philosophy and the philosophy of mind.

Plato (428/427 - 348/347 BCE) is considered the pre-eminent Greek philosopher, known for his Dialogues and for
founding his Academy north of Athens, traditionally considered the first university in the western world. Plato was an
Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, founder of the Platonist school of thought, and the
Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.

St. Augustine, also called Saint Augustine of Hippo, original Latin name Aurelius Augustinus, (born November 13, 354,
Tagaste, Numidia [now Souk Ahras, Algeria]—died August 28, 430, Hippo Regius [now Annaba, Algeria]; feast day August
28), bishop of Hippo from 396 to 430, one of the Latin Fathers of the Church .Augustine of Hippo was a Roman African,
early Christian theologian and Neoplatonic philosopher from Numidia whose writings influenced the development of the
Western Church and Western philosophy, and indirectly all of Western Christianity.

Socrates, (born c. 470 bce, Athens [Greece]—died 399 bce, Athens), Greek philosopher whose way of life, character, and
thought exerted a profound influence on ancient and modern philosophy. ... Although Socrates himself wrote nothing, he
is depicted in conversation in compositions by ... ocrates was a classical Greek philosopher credited as one of the founders
of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher of the Western ethical tradition of thought