CHAPTER 5 PHASE EQUILIBRIUM

Degree of freedom f f z p
p noof phase

phase Diagram veslope forward lefttoright M

veslope backward righttoleft TP
external MP

Raoult's law states that partialvapour pressure ofcomponent air in a solution at a giventemperature is equal to the
molefraction ofAlbinthesolution multiplied by thevapour pressure of pure air atthesametemperature
in upon
miscible ideal liquidsA B total pressure of thevapourPi abovetheliquid mixture is thesum of t
partial pressure ofthetwo vapoursPa PB

Dalton's
law totalvapour pressure is equal tothe sum ofthepartial vapour pressure at that composition
p P tPB t

vapour composition vapour rich in more volatile component

moretraction

it s s moles of A
Y totalnoofmoles Atb

fractional Distillation procedure

for separating mixtures ofvolatile components based on difference in BP
Principlea Distillate lower Br Downlower
ciiiresidue nigher BP rise Higher
condensethevapour andreboil it new vapour is evenricher in water

conigative properties

inlowering of vapour pressure P Ciii Depression of freezingpoint is

P spon pa is if if
Psointion
Xsolvent solvent

ii elevation ofboiling point in civosmoticpressure

in sibesolution iisolvent sMrii
in sima
im moiofsolute
imma
massofsolvent