EF‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬

٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

ECLUTCHF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 
 ٪٩٥٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 H
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١١٦ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
ECLUTCHF
 
EIntroductionF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K(engine flywheel)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
F‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
  EPurpose of the ClutchF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(clutch assembly)‫א‬‫א‬ 
E١ J٢F(manual transmissions)
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢F(manual transaxles)
K ‫א‬(engine power flow)E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(clutch pedal)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(neutral)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٣ J٢F
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

- ٢٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١ J٢F
 E‫א‬‫א‬F
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢ J٢F
 E‫א‬‫א‬F

- ٢٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 
 EF‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣ J٢F
 
  EFunctions of the ClutchF‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J١
 KEA٤ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEA٤ J٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEB٤ J٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،E‫א‬
 KEB٤ J٢F‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 
 ‫א‬WE٤ J٢F
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W(B)،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W(A)
 
 EDesign of the ClutchF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J٥
 K J٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 
(clutch assembly)‫א‬‫א‬ ، 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

ETypes of ClutchesF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ 
‫א‬(friction clutches)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 EMechanical Friction ClutchesF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(clutch assembly)‫א‬ 
?  ‫א‬‫?א‬(friction clutch)?‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫?א‬(mechanical clutch)?
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(dry clutch)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(wet clutch)?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
(single – plate (disc) clutches)‫א‬‫א‬ J١ 
 (double – plate (disc) clutches)‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ 
 (multiple – plate (disc) clutches)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ 
 (Conical clutches)‫א‬ J٤ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٢F،‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥ J٢F
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE J٥ J٢F 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE J٥ J٢FK
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE J٥ J٢FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ 
 ‫א‬ J٣ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ 
E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E٥ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 E٦ J٢F(coil – spring clutches)EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ 

 E٧ J٢F(diaphragm – spring clutches)‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ 
  
 


 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٦ J٢F
 


 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٧ J٢F
- ٢٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

EComponent Parts of Friction Clutch AssemblyF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٢F 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
  

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٨ J٢F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(driving parts)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ 
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
(engine flywheel)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F(pressure plate assembly)‫א‬
 KE(clutch cover)‫א‬(pressure disc)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(driven parts)E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ 

 ‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬
E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
(splines)‫א‬‫א‬K(clutch disc or friction plate)
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬(input shaft)‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(operating parts)‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ 

‫א‬‫א‬(clutch linkage)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬E
 ‫א‬
Eclutch throw-out fork)‫א‬F(clutch release lever operating mechanism)
‫א‬،E(throw-out bearing or release bearing)E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬
 K(clutch pedal)‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(protective parts)‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ 
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(clutch assembly housing cover)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(major parts)?
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K(complementary parts)
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ EF‫א‬ J١ 
  J٤    ‫א‬ J٣ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٧ 
 
 (Engine Flywheel)‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(engine flywheel)‫א‬‫א‬ 
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(starting ring gear)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 J٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬(nodular cast iron)‫א‬‫א‬،E٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (thick) J١
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(flywheel clutch-dide)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬
(flywheel to crankshaft fastener)‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬(pilot bushing for transmission input shaft)
 K(pilot bearing)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٩ J٢F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ،(pilot bearing)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(ball bearing) 
(lubricant)K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(bronze bushing)
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

(dual mass flywheel)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٠ J٢F(coil springs)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠ J٢F
 
 (Clutch Disc (Friction plate))E‫א‬F‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬(driven member (part))‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ 
‫א‬(driving members (parts))‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE١١ J٢F(pressure plate)‫א‬(flywheel)‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬WE١١ J٢F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬(splined (grooved) hub)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(transmission input shaft)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
(round)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K(thin)EF
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٢ J٢F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬(cushion springs)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
Eengaged position‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٣ J٢F
(torsional (dampening) coil springs)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(torsional vibrations)E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٣ J٢F
 ‫א‬W(C)،‫א‬W(B)،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(A)
 
‫א‬‫א‬(stop pin)‫א‬ 
(friction (washer) ring)‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(drive washers)‫א‬‫א‬(hub flange)‫א‬
 
 (Friction Materials (Linings))‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ J٢
E١٣ J٢١٢ J٢F‫א‬ 
‫א‬،E(friction material (lining)‫א‬F(friction ring)‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١ 
 K‫א‬ J٢ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ 
 K‫א‬ J٤ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥ 
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٥‫א‬W‫א‬ J١
٪٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J٣
- ٣٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J٤
 K
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
WE
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(asbestos)‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 (Pressure Plate (Disc))‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬E١٤ J٢F(pressure plate or disc)‫א‬ 
K(friction plate)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(thick piece of cast iron)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٤ J٢F
  
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(clutch cover)‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬(pressure plate)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ J٣
 (Coil Spring Pressure Plate Assembly) 
 J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬(coil springs)E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٥
،‫א‬‫א‬٩٣‫א‬(pressure springs)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(release levers)
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٥ J٢F
 
(spring force (normal force))‫א‬(coil springs)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(release levers)‫א‬ 
E١٦ J٢FKE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(pressure plate)‫א‬(release levers)‫א‬
 K(clutch cover)‫א‬(hinge bolt)‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 J١٦ J٢F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EA J١٦ J٢F 

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EB
E١٧ J٢F(throw-out bearing (release bearing))E‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(weight)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EC J١٦ J٢F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬WE١٦ J٢F
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧ J٢F 
‫א‬(throw-out bearing (release bearing))‫א‬E F
،(clutch fork)‫א‬(release levers)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، E‫א‬F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٧ J٢F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ J٣
(Diaphrgm Spring Pressure Plate Assembly) 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J٢F 
 KE٢٢١٠‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬E٩١‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٨ J٢F
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
E١٨ J٢١٤‫א‬F(cone-shaped diaphragm spring)
‫א‬E١٨ J٢٢٢‫א‬F‫א‬E١٨ J٢١٠‫א‬F‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EA J١٩ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(fingers)
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٩ J٢F
 ‫א‬WC،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬WB،‫א‬‫א‬WA
 
،EB J١٩ J٢F(clutch engagement)‫א‬E‫א‬F 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

،EC J١٩ J٢F (clutch disengagement)‫א‬ 

‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 (Clutch Release Bearing (Throwout Bearing))‫א‬EF J٤
٢٠ J٢F(throw-out bearing)(clutch release bearing)‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
((throw-out fork) or(clutch fork))‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬٢٠ J٢F
 


 
 ‫א‬W‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬WE٢٠ J٢F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬٢٠ J٢F(clutch fork)‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬(U)‫א‬،(ball stud)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬٢٠ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K(clutch linkage)‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬(return spring)،‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

‫א‬‫א‬،E٢١ J٢F‫א‬ 
‫א‬(grease)‫א‬EA J٢١ J٢F(ball bearing)
(graphite type)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫ א‬‫א‬
 KEB J٢١ J٢F(graphite ring)‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢١ J٢F
 ‫א‬WB،WA
 
 (Clutch Housing and Input Shaft)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢ J٢F(clutch housing)‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬(clutch cooling)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،(transmission input shaft)‫א‬‫א‬ 
(splines)‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٢ J٢F
 
 (Clutch Pedal Free Travel)‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
‫א‬(clutch pedal)‫א‬‫א‬(free travel)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،E٢٣ J٢F(free play)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٣ J٢F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬(full out position)‫א‬
،‫א‬(hard to push)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 (Clutch Safety Switch)‫א‬ J٧
(clutch safety switch)‫א‬ 
(starter-clutch interlock switch)EE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٤ J٢F
 

 
 ‫א‬WE٢٤ J٢F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 W(three-function switch)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
ETypes of Clutch LinkageF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W،‫א‬K(clutch linkage)‫א‬
 W(mechanical linkage) J١ 
 (shaft and lever linkage)‫א‬ J  
(cable linkage)E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J  
 W(hydraulic linkage) J٢ 
  J  
(electronically-controlled)‫א‬ J  
 
(Shaft and Lever Mechanical Linkage)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
،(levers)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
(adjustable rods)‫א‬‫א‬،(pivots)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(shafts)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٥ J٢F
 

(Cable Mechanical Linkage)E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

‫א‬E٢٦ J٢FE ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K(braided steel wire)EF‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٥ J٢F
  

 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٦ J٢F
 
(Self-Adjusting clutch)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
E F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٧ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٧ J٢F
 
(Pawl)‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬٢٧ J٢F(toothed segment)‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
(Hydraulic Linkage)‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٨ J٢F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٨ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
(clutch master cylinder)‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(reservoir)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،(clutch fork)‫א‬‫א‬(slave cylinder)E‫א‬F‫א‬
 K(pushrod)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K(hydraulic tubing)
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
(Electronically-Controlled Hydraulic Linkage)
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٩ J٢F

- ٤٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

‫א‬E‫א‬F
  ‫א‬ E٢٩ J٢F 
‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (sensors)‫א‬ 
،(transmission)‫א‬(clutch)‫א‬(engine)‫א‬(throttle)
 K(ECM)‫א‬‫א‬
،(gear-shift lever)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬(engage)EF(disengage)EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(actuators)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 (Double - & Multiple - Disc Clutch)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F(double-disc clutch)‫א‬  ‫א‬ E٣٠ J٢F 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E‫א‬
،(two friction discs)‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬(multiple-disc clutch)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣١ J٢FK‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٠ J٢F
 
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣١ J٢F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

ECalculationsF
 (Pressure Force and Surface Pressure)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬E(A)‫א‬
 

 
 

  A = π (D − d )
2 2
4
 W
 (m2) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z A 
(m)    ‫א‬‫א‬ZD 
(m)    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Zd 
 
E(Fn)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،(nsp)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Fsp)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 F =n .F
n sp sp
 W
 (N)  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z Fn 
    ‫א‬‫א‬Znsp 
(N)  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZFsp 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Psur)‫א‬‫א‬
F
 P = n
sur A
 W
(N/m2)  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZPsur 
 
 (Friction Force)‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬(Ff)‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
 
 F = µ .F
f c n
 
 W
 (N)   E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬Z Ff 
    ‫א‬‫א‬Zµc 
(N)  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZFn 
 
 (Clutch Transmitted Torque)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬(Tc)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 K(rm)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 
 
 W

 r = D+d
m 4
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬X‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،(Z)‫א‬‫א‬ 
 WE‫א‬ X‫א‬‫א‬X‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  T = Ff .r .Z
c m
 W
 (N.m)      ‫א‬Z Tc 
(N)  E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ZFf 
     ‫א‬‫א‬ZZ 
(m)  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Zrm 
 
 W
 E‫א‬‫א‬F ٢ZZ 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F ٤ZZ 

- ٥٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

‫א‬(Tc)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬(Te)‫א‬
 K‫א‬
Tc ≥ 1.5 Te
 
 (Clutch Magnifying Ratio)‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬K(Fped)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(imech)
K(i hyd)‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(i tot)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 i =i .i
tot mech hyd
 
  Fn = F ped . i tot
 
 (Solved Examples) J٥
 WE١F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
D = 200 (mm) & d = 130 (mm)
 W(20 x 10 N/m2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
4

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١ 
(µc = 0.3)٠{٣Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J٢ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ 
 WE١F
A = π / 4 [(0.2)2 – (0.13)2] = 0.018 (m 2)

, Z = 2 rm = (0.2+0.13)/4 = 0.0825 (m)

- ٥٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

1- Fn = Psur . A = 200000 x 0.018 = 3627 (N)

2- Ff = µc . Fn = 0.3 x 3627 = 1088 (N)

3- Tc = Ff . rm . Z = 1088 x 0.0825 x 2 = 179.5 (N.m)

 
 WE٢F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 (nsp = 6)٦Z‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 (Fsp = 500 N)٥٠٠Z‫א‬ J 
 (µc = 0.3)٠{٣Z‫א‬‫א‬ J 
D = 160 (mm) & d = 110 (mm)W‫א‬ J 
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 
 WE٢F

A = π / 4 [(0.16)2 – (0.11)2] = 0.011 (m 2)

, Z=4 rm = (0.16+0.11)/4 = 0.0675 (m)

1- Fn = nsp . Fsp = 6 x 500 = 3000 (N)

2- Ff = µc . Fn = 0.3 x 3000 = 900 (N)

3- Psur = Fn / A = 3000 / 0.011 = 27.3 x104 (N/m2)

4- Tc = Ff . rm . Z = 900 x 0.0675 x 4 = 243 (N.m)

- ٥٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 WE٣F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (nsp = 9)٩Z‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 (µc = 0.3)٠{٣Z‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 D = 185 (mm) & d = 130 (mm)W‫א‬ J 
 ٤{٥Z‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 ٦Z‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 K١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬١{٥Z‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ 
(Fped)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ 
 WE٣F

A = π / 4 [(0.185)2 – (0.13)2] = 0.014 (m 2)

, Z=2 rm = (0.185+0.13)/4 = 0.07875 (m)

Tc = 1.5 Te = 1.5 x 120 = 180 (N.m)

i tot = i mech . i hyd = 4.5 x 6 = 27

1- Ff = Tc / (rm . Z) = 180 / (0.07875 x 2) = 1142 (N)

Fn = Ff / µc = 3809 (N)

Fsp = Fn / nsp = 3809 / 9 = 423 (N)

2- F ped = Fn / i tot = 3809 / 27 = 141 (N)

- ٥٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬EXF‫א‬‫א‬E√FW 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KEF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J٤
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٥
 KEF‫א‬
 WW
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK J٤
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ J٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬–  
‫א‬‫א‬–  
‫א‬–  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–  
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬ J  
 W،‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬ J  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬ J  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 ‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬–  
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–  
 W‫א‬ J٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬–  

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬–  
 W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 ‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–  
 EFEF–  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬–  
 EFEF–  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬‫א‬–  
 ‫א‬‫א‬–  
 EFEF–  
 W‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W 
 √ J١ 
 √ J٢ 
 E‫א‬FX J٣ 
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FX J٤ 
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FX J٥ 
 
 W 
  J١ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ 
 ‫א‬ J٤ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥ 
 
 W 
 EF J١ 
 EF J٢ 
 EF J٣ 
 EF J٤ 
 EF J٥ 
 EF J٦ 
 EF J٧ 
 EF J٨ 
 EF J٩ 
 EF J١٠ 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٧٣  
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
 

 W ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF J١ 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ 
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J EF‫א‬ J  J٣
  J    ‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 W J  J٤
 ‫א‬ J١  
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٢  
 W J 
  J١  
EF‫א‬ J٢  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  J٥
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬ J 
‫א‬‫א‬ J 

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