A.

Unit 2: Informatics Application in Evidence-Based Nursing

GROUP 1
Computer Generated Nursing Care Plan: A computer-generated nursing care plan is a document that
outlines the nursing interventions required to address a patient's health issues. This technology-based approach
helps nurses to create care plans while reducing the risk of errors efficiently and accurately. [1]
Use of Computer-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems for Health Professionals: Computer-based
clinical decision support systems are designed to help healthcare professionals make informed decisions about
patient care. These systems use algorithms, rules, and other forms of artificial intelligence to analyze patient
data and provide recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. [2]
Informatics Application in Evidence-Based Nursing Practice: The application of informatics in evidence-
based nursing practice involves the use of technology to support nursing practice and improve patient outcomes.
This includes using electronic health records, decision support systems, and other tools to collect and analyze
patient data and make evidence-based decisions about care. [3]
The Role of Technology in Supporting Evidenced-Based Practice: Technology plays a critical role in
supporting evidence-based practice by providing tools and resources to help healthcare professionals make
informed decisions. This includes access to up-to-date research, clinical guidelines, and decision support
systems that provide evidence-based recommendations for care. [4]
E-Journals: E-journals are electronic versions of academic journals that are available online. These journals
provide access to the latest research and findings in a particular field, including nursing. They can be accessed
from anywhere, at any time, and are typically more affordable than print journals. [5]
Data Privacy: Data privacy is the protection of personal information and data from unauthorized access, use, or
disclosure. In healthcare, data privacy is essential to protecting patient confidentiality and ensuring that
sensitive information is not shared or misused. [6]
Cyber Crime: Cybercrime refers to criminal activities that involve the use of computers, the internet, or other
digital technologies. This includes hacking, identity theft, and cyberbullying, among other activities.
Cybercrime is a growing concern in healthcare, where patient data is vulnerable to theft or misuse. [7]
Cyber Crime Prevention Act of 2012: The Cyber Crime Prevention Act of 2012 is a Philippine law that
addresses cybercrime in the country. The law criminalizes a range of cyber activities, including hacking,
cybersex, and online identity theft. It also provides for the creation of a Cybercrime Investigation and
Coordinating Center to combat cybercrime. [8]

NURSING INFORMATION SYSTEM

Group 2

NURSING INFORMATION SYSTEM

 Computer-based NISs are either stand-alone systems or, a part of a larger electronic medical record
(EMR) system, in turn allowing nurses to access or to provide clinical information to and from other
healthcare providers.
 NISs, are computer systems that manage clinical data, through retrieving, viewing and analyzing data by
the nursing staff and then integrated into a patient's care plan.

NURSING INFORMATION SYSTEM (NIS)

NIS Feature

 PATIENT CHARTING
 ·STAFF SCHEDULES
 ·DECISION SUPPORT
 ·DISEASE LINKAGE BETWEEN SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
NIS Benefits
 BETTER DRUG ADMINISTRATION
 ·IMPROVED WORKLOAD
 ·FUNCTIONAL
 ·BETTER CARE PLANNING
PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANTS
 A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a portable device that functions as a personal information manager.
PDAs are used for Web browsing, office applications, watching videos, viewing photos or as mobile
phones.

 The first PDAs were developed in the early 1990s as digital improvements upon the traditional pen-and-
paper organizers used to record personal information such as telephone numbers, addresses, and
calendars. The first electronic organizers were large, had limited capabilities, and were often
incompatible with other electronic systems.

 The first PDAs were developed in the early 1990s as digital improvements upon the traditional pen-and-
paper organizers used to record personal information such as telephone numbers, addresses, and
calendars. The first electronic organizers were large, had limited capabilities, and were often
incompatible with other electronic systems.

DISADVANTAGES OF PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANTS

Cost
 One of the greatest hindrances of a PDA is the expense. Other than paying for the gadget itself, most
PDAs require the purchaser to buy in to a utilization contract. This includes a month-to-month bill and
the chance of overage charges if the client outperforms his designated free telephone minutes or
information limits.
Interruption
 PDAs may likewise turn into an interruption when they’re not satisfying an authentic need. The capacity
to be constantly associated can prompt sat around riding the Web, settling on telephone decisions, or
messing around. Some business clients whine of being “available to come in to work” when their
colleagues and bosses can reach them whenever.
Restricted in Scope
 PDAs are restricted in degree. They are neither PC substitutions nor would they be able to be
successfully used to supplant mobile phones. PDAs are not furnished to manage miniature preparing
capacities.
Time Constraint
 PDAs are not generally the best response to business arrangements. Paper-based coordinators are a more
reasonable choice since PDAs are hard to utilize, information passage is abnormal, they are moderate
and beginner clients discover them superfluously unpredictable.

WIRELESS DEVICE
 A wireless device is a device that uses radio waves to send and receive information. Wireless devices are
used in all sorts of applications, from cell phones to baby monitors.

HISTORY
 The term wireless has been used twice in communications history, with slightly different meanings. It
was initially used from about 1890 for the first radio transmitting and receiving technology, as in
wireless telegraphy, until the new word radio replaced it around 1920. Radio sets in the UK and the
English-speaking world that were not portable continued to be referred to as wireless sets into the 1960s.
 In 1894, Guglielmo Marconi
 In 1888 by Heinrich Hertz
 Marconi and Karl Ferdinand Braun were awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize for Physics

TYPES OF WIRELESS DEVICES

Wireless Router
 A wireless router is a device that allows users to connect to the internet wirelessly
Wireless Repeater
 A wireless repeater is a device that amplifies or retransmits signals over a short distance using radio
waves.
Wireless Adapters
 Wireless adapters are hardware devices that allow a computer to connect to a wireless network.
Wireless Phones
 Wireless devices use radio waves to communicate without the need for a physical connection.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS DEVICE

ADVANTAGES
 Wireless devices are advantageous because they do not require an outlet or cord to work. They can be
placed anywhere in a room without taking up any space, and they are very easy to use.
DISADVANTAGES
 Wireless devices present several security and privacy concerns. Wireless networks are notoriously
insecure, as anyone within range can access your data.
TWO WAY VIDEO-CONFERENCING
 Video conferencing is a live stream conference that allows people sitting in different locations to
conduct a meeting online. It is barely impossible to travel every other day for important discussions or
meetings. 2-way video conferencing solutions allow people to gather online and conduct a meeting
through video-enabled devices.

 Since the evolution of digitalization, many changes are observed in various sectors. Companies have
seen enormous growth and have expanded worldwide with the help of digitalization.

In earlier times conference calls were introduced that host a pool of people on a single telephone call for
important discussions. It helps in cutting out the cost of travel but misses the touch of a personal meeting
due to its entirely audio settings. The scenario has been completely changed since the evolution of
digital media. 2-way video conferencing solutions has taken the place of conference calls for conducting
any meetings online.
 A Strong Internet Connection Is a Must
 Select The Right Video Conferencing Solution
FACETIME
 Facetime is a video calling application developed by Apple Inc. that allows users to make audio and
video calls to other users with compatible devices. It was first released in 2010 as an iOS application and
later released for MacOS and Windows platforms.
HISTORY
 Facetime was created by Apple Inc. and was first included in the iPhone 4 in 2010. It was the brainchild
of Steve Jobs, the co-founder of Apple Inc., who wanted to create an easy-to-use application for making
video calls.
 In the early 2000s, video calling had been available for some time through third-party applications such
as Skype, but these applications were not as user-friendly or widely used as Facetime. Jobs saw an
opportunity to create a more intuitive and accessible platform for video chatting that could be integrated
into Apple’s products. He worked closely with engineers at Apple to develop the Facetime application,
which was first released in 2010.
Impact
 The impact of Facetime on communication has been both positive and negative. On the one hand,
Facetime has allowed us to stay connected with friends and family who may be far away. It has also
made it easier to collaborate with colleagues remotely. On the other hand, some have argued that
Facetime has had a negative impact on communication, as it can lead to increased feelings of isolation
and disconnection.

Benefits
 It is easy to set up and use, making it accessible to users of all skill levels. Facetime also offers a number
of advantages over other video calling applications.
Twitter
 Twitter is a free social networking site where users broadcast short posts known as tweets. These tweets
can contain text, videos, photos or links. To access Twitter, users need an internet connection or smart
phone to use the app or website, Twitter.com.
HISTORY
 Twitter, Inc. Twitter was created by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams in March
2006 and launched in July of that year. Twitter, Inc. is based in San Francisco, California and has more
than 25 offices around the world.

 The origins of Twitter date back to early 2006, when NYU student Jack Dorsey shared a new online
communication idea with some of his coworkers at Odeo, a podcasting company. Dorsey's idea was a
platform that allowed users to share short messages with groups of people, similar to sending text
messages.
Reach a wide audience.
 Twitter can be used by millions of users that can be the best stage to reach customers. The interested
audience for a particular topic can be reached out quickly. Direct interaction with others is easier on this
platform through hashtags (#) we can directly approach the targeted audience.
Marketing Tool
 Due to its wide audience, it is easy to endorse any product to targeted customers. Recruiting services,
business consultancy, and retail stores are all sorts of advertisements that are possible on this platform.

Free Cost
 Joining Twitter is free of cost and makes the audience join without any loss but as they join the
interesting tweets make them come here for sure. No other fees or charges are included to stay on the
site but if they want, they can earn by using this media.

Beneficial for Information

 Twitter is a mix of blogging, messaging, and putting feedback. All the information and facts can be
shared not only with family and friends but with a community or to the whole nation.

GOOGLE
 Google LLC is an American multinational technology company focusing on online advertising, search
engine technology, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, artificial
intelligence, and consumer electronics.\

 Search for information about (someone or something) on the internet using the search engine Google.

HISTORY
 American search engine company, founded in 1998 by Sergey Brin and Larry Page, that is a subsidiary
of the holding company Alphabet Inc.

GOOGLE
Advantage
 Google is the largest search engine in the world, and according to Google, 1 trillion websites are indexed
on the search engine.
 After integrating Google Adsense code into his website, users may start making money online using
Google Adwords.
 The fastest browser in the world is thought to be Google Chrome.

Disadvantage
 Google Chrome browser is hungry for battery and data.
 Your privacy is not important to the Google Chrome web browser.

FACEBOOK
 Facebook is a website which allows users, who sign-up for free profiles, to connect with friends, work
colleagues or people they don't know, online. It allows users to share pictures, music, videos, and
articles, as well as their own thoughts and opinions with however many people they like.
HISTORY
 Facebook was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg, Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris
Hughes, all of whom were students at Harvard University. Facebook became the largest social network
in the world, with nearly three billion users as of 2021, and about half that number were using Facebook
every day.
 The company has a complicated early history. It began at Harvard University in 2003 as Facemash, an
online service for students to judge the attractiveness of their fellow students.

ADVANTAGES OF FACEBOOK
 You can find and invite your friends to connect.
 You can share each moment of your personal life with all your contacts.
 It provides an interface where you can chat with all the people you know.
 Business promotion is one of the biggest advantages of Facebook

DISADVANTAGES OF FACEBOOK
 A person can get addicted to Facebook in no time.
 Some people can create fake accounts which results into harassment and abuse.
 Hackers are now using Facebook who send scams which can retrieve all your personal data
 Web 2.0, BLOGS, & WIKIS
Group 3
web 2.0
 Web 2.0 describes the current state of the internet, which has more user-generated content and usability
for end-users compared to its earlier incarnation, Web 1.0. In general, Web 2.0 refers to the 21st-century
Internet applications that have transformed the digital era in the aftermath of the dotcom bubble.
Understanding Web 2.0
 The term Web 2.0 first came into use in 1999 as the Internet pivoted toward a system that actively
engaged the user. Users were encouraged to provide content, rather than just viewing it. The social
aspect of the Internet has been particularly transformed; in general, social media allows users to engage
and interact with one another by sharing thoughts, perspectives, and opinions. Users can tag, share,
tweet, and like.
HISTORY OF WEB 2.0
 In a 1999 article called Fragmented Future, Darcy DiNucci coined the phrase "Web 2.0".
 The phrase become popularized after a 2004 conference held by O'Reilly Media and MediaLive
International
Web 1.0 vs. Web 2.0
 Web 1.0 is used to describe the first stage of the Internet. At this point, there were few content creators;
most of those using the Internet were consumers. Static pages were more common than dynamic which
incorporates interactive and animated websites with specific coding or language.
WEB 1.0
 Static information (more difficult to change)
 More controlled user input
 Promoted individual contribution; channels were less dynamic.
 Consider much more informative and data driven.

WEB 2.0
 Dynamic information (always changing)
 Less control over user input
 Promotes greater collaboration, as channels are more dynamic and flexible.
 Considered much more social and interactive-driven.
 Static information (more difficult to change)

Components of Web 2.O

 There is no single, universally accepted definition for Web 2.0. Instead, it's best described as a series of
components that, when put together, create an online environment of interactivity and greater capacity
compared to the original version of the web. Here are the more prominent components of Web 2.0.
Applications of Web 2.0
 The components above are directly related to the applications of Web 2.0. Those components allowed
for new types of software, platforms, or applications that are still used today.
Example Of Application of Web 2.0
 Zoom, Netflix, and Spotify are all examples of software as a service (SaaS).
 HuffPost, Boing Boing, and Techcrunch
 Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook
 Reddit, Digg, and Pinterest
 YouTube, TikTok, and Flickr
Advantage of web 2.0
✓Create a large and strong network
✓increase in a few friends
✓build strong relationship
Disadvantage of web 2.0
✓ people are highly dependent on the internet to network
✓wastage of time
✓a high number of frauds and hackers
Examples of web 2.0 application
✓facebook ✓instagram
✓twitter ✓tiktok
WHAT IS A BLOG?
 Blogs are regularly updated websites that provide insight into a certain topic. The word blog is a
combined version of the words “web” and “log.”
TYPES OF BLOGS
 Different types of blogs cover varying topics, from food and fashion to marketing. Blogs are composed
of individual posts on more specific subjects within the blog’s field of expertise. These posts often serve
as a platform for discussions, as many blogs have active comments sections.
Types of blogs
 Food blogs
 Sports blogs
 Health and Fitness blogs
 Fashion and beauty
 blogs
 Art and design blogs
 Lifestyle blogs
 Business blogs
 Parenting blogs
 Travel blogs
WEBSITE VS BLOG
 As you now know, a blog often deals with a given topic and is updated with regular posts, mostly in the
form of articles. Websites, however, are often broken down into inner explanatory pages, each with
varying purposes.
IMPORTANCE OF BLOGS
 Whether it’s personal or professional, a blog provides endless opportunities for a website’s traffic
growth. Not to mention, the popularity of blogs hasn't diminished. In fact, the opposite is true: As Neal
Shaffer, founder of the digital marketing consultancy PDCA Social says, blogging isn’t dead, “blogs are
useful for a lot more than just sharing your thoughts.
Wiki
 A wiki is a web-based collaborative platform that enables users to store, create and modify content in an
organized manner. The term comes from the word wiki wiki, which means fast in Hawaiian. Wikis are
commonly used for knowledge management, project collaboration and intranet applications. They are a
great resource for businesses, teams and individuals who need to share information quickly and
efficiently.
Common wiki features
 Some common wiki features include page comments, search functions and discussion forums.
Additionally, wiki software packages often enable file uploading and version control so that users can
track the progress of their projects.
Do you need coding knowledge to use a wiki?
 Users do not need know how to code to use a wiki. Most wiki platforms are designed to be easy to use
and require no coding knowledge. They come with a range of features, such as search functions,
templates, and revision control, that make the wiki creation process simple and efficient. By using wiki
software, users can easily create new pages, upload images and documents, edit content, track changes,
and collaborate with others. This makes wiki platforms a great tool for businesses and teams to manage
their digital knowledge resources.
examples of wiki software are the following:

 Mediawiki
 Wiki.Js
 TiddlyWiki
 Nuclino
 Confluence
 ZohoWiki
 Doku Wiki
 You need a wiki
 Goru
 Bookstack
 Slite
 Gitbook
 Xwiki
 Notion
 Slab
 Nursing Information System (NIS)
GROUP 4
Nursing Information System (NIS)
is a part of a health care information system that deals with nursing aspects, particularly the maintenance of the
nursing record. It combines nursing, information, and computer science to process and manage data to be
knowledge to use it in nursing practice. Due to this, the definition of nursing informatics has developed and has
been perfected.
Information technology
Information Technology is a team sport. Working as an IT team allows brilliant individuals to create remarkable
systems, solutions and results. IT teams are typically small groups of practitioners who can develop, deploy and
maintain large-scale systems to keep modern businesses running. Information Technology (IT)is a business
sector that deals with computing, including hardware, software, telecommunications and generally anything
involved in the transmittal of information or the
NIS Features
 Improved Workload Functionality Staffing levels and appropriate skill mix per shift can be determined
easily by using the shift modules, which can later be used in distribution of labor among the nurses. This
leads to less time spent in designing and altering duty rosters.
 Scheduling and Personnel Management Patient care becomes more effective and economical using shift
modules designed to handle absences, overtime, staffing levels and cost-effective staffing.
 3-Enhanced Decision Making Right clinical decisions need right information, through accessing medical
resources and identifying the critical information in decision making. Decision support modules provide
prompts and reminders, and guides to disease linkages between signs or symptoms, etiologies or related
factors and patient populations.
 Improved Drug Administration Is enable electronically prescribed drugs to become more
understandable, to decrease probability of administering wrong drugs to patients. Patient-charting
modules, the patient’s VS, admission and nursing assessments, and nursing notes can be stored and
retrieve when needed for drug administration.
The health care team consists of a group of people who coordinate their particular skills in order to assist a
patient or his family. • The personnel, who comprise a particular team will depend upon the needs of a patient.
is a person who is legally authorized to practice medicine in particular jurisdiction.
PHYSICIAN
In hospital setting, the physician is responsible for the medical diagnosis & for determining the therapy required
by a person who is ill or injured. A physician is a person who is legally authorized to practice medicine in
particular jurisdiction.
NURSE
A number of nursing personnel may be involved in the health team & may have their own nursing team. A
nursing team is comprised of personnel who provide nursing service to a patient or his family. The team leader
“Head Nurse” is responsible for delegation of duties to members of her team & care given to the patients.
DIETITIAN
When dietary & nutritional services are required, a dietitian may also the member of the health team. Dietitians
supervise the preparation of meals according to the doctor’s prescription. The nutritionist in a community
setting recommends health diets for people & is frequently involves in board advisory services in regard to
purchase & preparation of food.

PHYSIOTHERAPIST
The physiotherapist aids a patient who has problem related to his musculoskeletal system. Their functions
include; assessing mobility & strength, providing therapeutic measures, & teaching patients news skills &
measures.
SOCIAL WORKER
The patient & his/her family member are assisted by social worker with such problems such as finances, rest
home accommodation, counseling or marital problems, adoption of children.
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST 
The occupational therapist assists patients with some impairment of function to gain skills as they are related to
Activities of Daily Living (ADL) & help with a skill that is therapeutic.
 PARAMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST
It includes laboratory technologies, radio-logic technologists. The Laboratory technologists examine & study
specimens such as urine, feces, blood & discharges from wound.

RADIOLOGIST
The radiologic technologist assists with wide variety of x-ray procedures, from simple chest radiograph to more
complex fluoroscopy. Through radioactive materials, nuclear medicine technologist can provide diagnostic
information about functioning of a patient’s liver etc.
PHARMACIST 
The pharmacist prepares & dispenses pharmaceuticals in hospitals & community settings. • The role of
pharmacist in monitoring & evaluating the actions of medications on patients is becoming increasingly
prominent.
INHALATION THERAPIST
The inhalation therapist or respiratory technologist is skilled in therapeutic measures used in care of patients
with respiratory problems. These therapists are knowledgeable about oxygen therapy, devices, intermittent
positive pressure breathing respirators, artificial mechanical ventilators, accessory devices used for inhalation.
PSYCHOLOGIST
The clinical psychologist constitutes an important member in the health care team. • The psychological
dimension of a person is looked into and the health care services are accordingly planned.
CLERGY
The spiritual dimension of a patient comes into play more during a person’s illness. • Patients who draw their
spiritual strength from God are the ones who successfully cope with illness. The role of a clergy is therefore
especially important.
The IT team that works on a nursing information system project typically consists of a group of highly skilled
professionals who specialize in various aspects of information technology.

common characteristics of an IT team for nursing information system are:

Technical Expertise: The IT team should have a strong technical expertise in the areas of software development,
database management, system architecture, networking, security, and user interface design

Knowledge of Healthcare Industry: The IT team should have a good understanding of the healthcare industry,
nursing practices, and healthcare information technology (HIT) standards, regulations and best practices.
Communication Skills: The IT team should possess excellent communication skills to effectively
communicate with nursing staff, physicians, and other healthcare professionals to understand their requirements
and feedback.
Analytical Skills: The IT team should have strong analytical skills to identify problems, analyze data, and
provide solutions to optimize the nursing information system.
Project Management Skills: The IT team should have experience in project management, including planning,
scheduling, tracking, and reporting of project progress.
Flexibility: The IT team should be flexible and adaptable to changing requirements and needs of the nursing
information system project.
Collaboration: The IT team should work collaboratively with other healthcare professionals, such as nurses,
physicians, and administrators, to ensure the nursing information system meets their needs and improves patient
care.
Overall, the IT team for a nursing information system project should have a good balance of technical skills,
healthcare knowledge, communication skills, analytical skills, and project management skills to develop and
implement an effective and efficient nursing information system.
Health IT includes:
Electronic health records (EHRs). EHRs allow doctors to better keep track of your health information and
may enable them to see it when you have a problem even if their office is closed. EHRs also make it easier for
your doctor to share information with specialists, so that specialists who need your information have it available
when it’s needed.
▪ Personal health records (PHRs). A PHR is a lot like an EHR, except that you control what kind of
information goes into it. You can use a PHR to keep track of information from your doctor visits, but the PHR
can also reflect your life outside the doctor’s office and your health priorities, such as tracking what you eat,
how much you exercise, and your blood pressure. Sometimes, your PHR can link with your doctor’s EHR.
▪ Electronic prescribing (E-prescribing). A paper prescription can get lost or misread. E-prescribing allows
your doctor to communicate directly with your pharmacy. This means you can go to the pharmacy to pick up
medicine without having to bring the paper prescription.
. ▪ Privacy and security. All these electronic systems can increase the protections of your health information.
For example, electronic information can be encrypted so that only authorized people can read it. Health IT can
also make it easier to record and track who has accessed your information.

Health IT can free you to focus on your health instead of on the everyday hassles of managing your health care
in the following:
Faster, more accurate prescriptions
Rapid information sharing
Reduced paperwork.
Reduced unnecessary tests.
Better follow-up, better follow-through
Secure access to information
Listserves:
A listserve is a mailing list that is automated to distribute mail electronically. They can be used to distribute
information to all others in a special group. An interactive listserve is a forum to share ideas with people with
similar interests. One person sends the "mail" and many receive it. You can ask questions, answer questions,
give or receive reports, and share ideas with others on the listserve. These lists have an administrator who
handles subscription requests. They may also have a monitor or be unmonitored. Monitored listserves have
someone to summarize critical points, make suggestions to participants, facilitate discussions, and answer
questions of individuals without posting them.
Listserves have two mailing addresses. One address is administrative and is used to request subscription, digest
mail (short form) or unsubscribe. The second address is used to participate in the listserve. Once you subscribe
to a list you will receive directions on how to use the listserve. The address for posting to the list will be
included. Use this address to participate with others. Some people do not respond until they get a feel for the
type of communication that occurs on a list. This is fine to do until you are comfortable. This is referred to as
Lurking.

Newsgroups:
Newsgroups also allow you to send one message and have many people respond. The messages are stored in a
server and not on a computer. This means that the user does not store messages on their hard drive. The
software is called a UseNet and it knows how to organize messages into topical categories called newsgroups.
You can read the newsgroups and contribute to the newsgroups with messages of your own. To use a
newsgroup, you need access to a news server and a newsreader. Your internet provider will decide which
newsgroups you have access to. To see a list of newsgroups, look for an option such as groups and show all
groups under options. Once you find a newsgroup you wish to view, add the newsgroup to your computer,
usually by double clicking on it. For more information on newsgroups read