SOMETHING TO REMEMBER

“GRASS GROWS QUICKLY OVER A BATTLEFIELD; OVER THE SCAFFOLD, NEVER!” –

WINSTON CHURCHILL
“HAD IT NOT BEEN FOR THE EVENTS OF 1872, RIZAL WOULD HAVE A JESUIT….” –
RIZAL
DEATH
CAVITE MUTINY – JANUARY 20, 1872
3 IMPORTANT EVENTS IN 1872
1. THE EXECUTION OF GOMBURZA
2. UNJUST IMPRISONMENT OF HIS MOTHER
3. FRUSTRATION OF PACIANO

THE 3 PRIESTS WERE REGARDED AS INSTIGATORS OF THE CAVITE MUTINY

TO OVERTHROW SPANISH DOMINATION
2 KINDS OF PRIESTS
1. REGULAR
2. SECULAR
REGULAR PRIESTS ARE MEMBERS OF RELIGIOUS ORDERS (AUGUSTINIANS,
FRANCISCANS, DOMINICANS, JESUITS AND RECOLLECTS)
SECULAR PRIESTS ARE NOT MEMBERS IN ANY RELIGIOUS ORDERS
REGULARS HAVE A MISSION TO FULFILL = SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY
CHURCH = TO ADMINISTER THE CHURCH
16TH THERE WERE MANY FILIPINOS WHO WERE CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY
SCARCITY IN NUMBER OF SECULAR PRIEST
HE RECOMMENDED TO THE POPE TO ALLOW REGULAR PRIESTS TO ADMINISTER THE
PARISHES
POPE PIUS V – HE ISSUED AN AUTHORIZATION CALLED EXPONI NOBIS TO ALLOW
REGULARS TO ADMINISTER THE PARISHES
BISHOPS AND ARCHBISHOPS SUPERIORS
MASS RESIGNATION
16TH AND 17TH CENTURIES
18TH CENTURY – BASILIO STA. JUSTA

SECULARIZATION OF THE CHURCH

-MOVEMENT FOR THE TRANSFER OF ADMINISTRATION OF THE PARISHES FROM
REGULARS TO SECULARS – 1774
APPOINTMENT OF SEMINARIANS (ILL-TRAINED AND INCOMPETENT)
HE ORDAINED THE SEMINARIANS AND ASSIGNED THEM TO VACATED
PARISHES
IF YOU ARE A PRIEST, YOU ARE SOMEBODY
1776 – DESECULARIZATION
30-50 YEARS
CARLOS MARIA DELA TORRE – MOST LIBERAL MINDED GOVERNOR-GENERAL IN THE
PHILIPPINES
1. HE WALKED IN THE CITY-STREETS IN CIVILIAN ATTIRE WITHOUT ANY
BODYGUARD
2. HE TREATED BOTH FILIPINOS AND SPANIARDS EQUALLY
3. HE ALLOWED FILIPINOS TO ENTER THE PALACE FOR THE FIRST TIME
4. HE LIVED SIMPLY IN THE PALACE WITHOUT POMP AND EXTRAVAGANCE
5. HE ABOLISHED STRICT CENSORSHIP OF THE PRESS
6. HE ALLOWED FILIPINOS TO DISCUSS THEIR POLITICAL RIGHTS
COMMITTEE OF REFORMS
1. TO ADVOCATE REFORMS
2. TO CAMPAIGN FOR THE SECULARIZATION AND FILIPINIZATION OF THE
PARISHES
GOV-GEN RAFAEL DE IZQUIERDO = MOST AUTOCRATIC GOVERNOR-GENERAL
HE ABOLISHED THE OLD-TIME PRIVILEGES OF SOLDIERS IN CAVITE
1. EXEMPTED FROM PAYMENT OF TRIBUTE
2. EXEMPTED FROM RENDERING FORCED LABOR
JANUARY 20, 1872 = CAVITE MUTINY
FRANCISCO SALDUA WAS BRIBED TO TESTIFY AGAINST THE 3 PRIESTS
LA IBERIA – SPANISH NEWSPAPER PUBLICIZED THE THEORY OF PROSECUTION
3 GROUPS INVOLVED IN THE CAVITE MUTINY
1. MILITARY
2. NATIVE SECULARS
3. WEALTHY LIBERALS
ALFEREZ
FODDER
ANTONIO VIVENCIO DEL ROSARIO
SOLEDAD
MANUEL BLANCO DE VALDERAMA
SOLEDAD RENDERED A GRACEFUL DANCE THAT DELIGHTED THE GUESTS
Two famous lawyers in manila and they help Jose Rizal mother Don Teodora Alonso to free
from prison
Don Francisco De Marcaida
Don Manuel Marzano

Chapter 2 – THE PRINCIPALES (PRINCIPALIA)- ANCESTRY

BOTH THE MERCADOS AND THE ALONZOS ARE PEOPLE OF SUBSTANCE AND
INFLUENCE WELL-ABOVE THE AVERAGE OF THEIR TIME
PRINCIPALIA BUT ALSO ILUSTRADOS
11 CHILDREN OF FRANCISCO MERCADO AND DONA TEODORA
1. SATURNINA
2. PACIANO
3. NARCISA
4. OLYMPIA
5. LUCIA
6. MARIA
7. JOSE
 8. CONCEPCION
9. JOSEFA
10. TRINIDAD
11. SOLEDAD
PROOFS OF THE AFFLUENCE OF THE MERCADO FAMILY
1. FIRST FAMILY TO BUILD A LARGE STONE HOUSE IN CALAMBA
2. FIRST FAMILY TO SEND THEIR CHILDREN TO SCHOOLS IN MANILA
3. THEY OWNED A CARUAJE – HORSE DRAWN CARRIAGE (STATUS SYMBOL OF
THE ILUSTRADOS)
4. THEY OWNED A HOME LIBRARY
5. THEY OWNED VAST TRACTS OF LANDS
RIZAL = SECOND SURNAME OF THE MERCADO FAMILY THAT WAS RECOMMENDED BY
A PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR WHO WAS FRIENDLY TO THE MERCADO FAMILY
TO AVOID DIFFICULTY IN HIS SCHOOLING
RICIAL = GREENFIELD OR NEW PASTURE
RIZAL = “A FIELD WHERE WHEAT CUT WHILE STILL GREEN SPROUTS AGAIN”

A CHILD OF GOOD FAMILY

JUNE 19, 1861, WEDNESDAY MIDNIGHT
FR. RUFINO COLLANTES – the one who baptized of Rizal
PEDRO CASANAS - GODFATHER
“JOSE” IN HONOR OF ST. JOSEPH
4 – HE LOST HIS FAVORITE SISTER (CONCHA) – BROUGHT HIM HIS FIRST SORROW
7 - HE TRAVELED FOR THE FIRST TIME TO ANTIPOLO TO FULFILL THE PROMISE MADE
BY HIS MOTHER
8 - HE WROTE THE POEM ENTITLED SA AKING MGA KABATA
STORY OF THE YOUNG AND THE OLD MOTH
LAMP – IS THE MOST WONDERFUL THING IN CREATION
EL AMIGO DE LOS NINOS – THE CHILDREN’S FRIEND
ANYTHING BEAUTIFUL IS HARMLESS
VICTIM OF HER OWN ILLUSION
LEON MONROY – PRIVATE TUTOR
JUSTINIANO AQUINO CRUZ – ELEMENTARY TEACHER
3 SECONDARY SCHOOLS
1. SAN JOSE SEMINARY
2. SAN JUAN DE LETRAN
3. ATENEO MUNICIPAL (ESCUELA PIA)
JUNE 10, 1872 – ENTRANCE EXAM AT AN JUAN DE LETRAN
EXAM INCLUDE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE, ARITHMETIC AND READING
1. ATENEO WAS THE MOST STANDARD SECONDARY INSTITUTION
2. JESUITS WERE PROVEN AS SPLEDID EDUCATORS
3. ATENEO MUNICIPAL WAS EXCELLENT COLLEGE FOR BOYS
MAGIN FERANDO – REGISTRAR
MANUEL XERES BURGOS – NEPHEW OF FR JOSE BURGOS
RATIO STUDIORUM
rizal first favorite novel
- "The Count of Monte-Cristo" by French author Alexandre Dumas (père

RELIGION, RACE AND RHETORIC

2 EMPIRES
ROMAN EMPIRE – boarders
CARTHAGINIAN EMPIRE – out boarders
EMPEROR – best students
TRIBUNE - 2nd best
DECURION- 3rd best
CENTURION- 4th best
STANDARD BEARER – 5th best
HOLY PICTURE
FR JOSE BECH
ACCESIT - HE WAS AMONG THE LEADERS BUT NOT THE TOPNOTCHER
AIM OF JESUIT EDUCATION
AD MAJOREM DEI GLORIAM (FOR THE GREATER GLORY OF GOD)
SUMMER 1874
STA CRUZ
MY FIRST INSPIRATION – One of the first poem was dedicated on his mother’s birthday
FR. FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANCHEZ (PANIKI)
THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO – ALEXANDER DUMAS( Rizal first favorites novels)
FR. LEONCIO LOPEZ
MEDICINE
LAW AND LITERATURE
FR. PABLO RAMON – RECTOR OF ATENEO
1ST SEMESTER, RIZAL ENROLLED PHILOSOPHY AND LETTERS, LAND SURVEYING AT
THE ATENEO
2 GOLD MEDALS – TOPOGRAPHY, AGRICULTURE
2ND SEMESTER- HE DECIDED TO PURSUE MEDICINE
REASONS WHY HE DID NOT OBTAIN HIGH GRADES
1. MEDICINE WAS NOT HIS REAL VOCATION
2. UNHAPPY DAYS AT UST
A) DOMINICAN PROFESSORS WERE VERY HOSTILE
B) FILIPINO STUDENTS WERE RACIALLY DISCRIMINATED
CLASS IN PHYSICS
PLACIDO PENITENTE
FR. MILLON
C) THE METHOD OF INSTRUCTION WAS OBSOLETE AND REPRESIVE
3) BECAUSE OF HIS FLIRTATIONS
SEGUNDA KATIGBAK – Puppy love of Rizal
MARIANO KATIGBAK
Leonor Rivera -, Dr. Jose Rizal's sweetheart who became model for the Maria Clara character
in Noli Me Tangere, The first love of Jose Rizal
LEONOR VALENZUELA - Among Rizal's long list of ex-lovers is Leonor "Orang"
Valenzuela, who met Rizal when he was still studying a medical course at the esteemed
University of Santo Tomas.
1879 WHEN HE JOINED IN THE LITERARY COMPETITION
LICEO ARTISTICO LITERARIO DE MANILA
A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA (TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH)
TIMID FLOWER GROW!
ABOUNDING
SILVER QUILL – SILVER PEN
PATRIA = MEANS NATION OR NATIVELAND
PHILIPPINES IS THE INDIOS MOTHERLAND AND NOT SPAIN
WENCESLAO RETANA
1880 IN COMMEMORATION TO THE FOURTH CENTENNIAL DEATH OF MIGUEL
CERVANTES
EL CONSEJO DELOS DIOSES (THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS)
GOLD RING - Rizal won the first price; he received a gold ring engraved with bust of Cervantes
A HIDDEN PURPOSE - to observe keenly the life and culture, languages and customs,
industries and commerce, and governments and laws of the European nations in order to
prepare himself in the mighty task of liberating his oppressed people from Spanish tyranny.
JOSE MERCADO
MAY 3, 1882 – SINGAPORE