RIZAL CHAPTER 22 - EXILE IN DAPITAN (1892-96)
Misamis
Achievements of Rizal:
 practiced medicine
 Pursued scientific studies
 continued his artistic and literary works
 widened his knowledge in languages
 established a school for boys
 promoted community development projects
 invented a wooden machine for making bricks
 engaged in farming and commerce
Steamer “Cebu” - brought Rizal to Dapitan
- carried a letter from Fr. Pablo Pastells (Superior of
Jesuit Society in PH) to Fr. Antonio Obach (Jesuit parish
priest of Dapitan)
Fr. Pastells informed Fr. Obach that Rizal could live at
the parish convent on the ff. conditions:
1. That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion,
and make statements that were clearly pro-Spanish and
against revolution
2. That he perform the church rites and make a general
confession of his past life
3. That he conduct himself in an exemplary manner as a
Spanish subject and a man of religion
Captain Carnicero - the Spanish commandant/warden of
Rizal; where Rizal used to live in
“A Don Ricardo Carnicero” - poem by Rizal for the
Captain’s birthday (Aug. 26, 1982)
Butuan - mail boat which brought the Lottery Ticket no.
9736 owned by Cap. Carnicero, Rizal, & Francisco Equilior
winning 2nd prize of 20,000 (Sept. 21, 1892)
Fr. Pablo Pastells - whom Rizal had a scholarly debate
with on religion through exchange of letters; gave Rizal a
copy of:
“Imitacion de Cristo” - a famous Catholic book by Fr.
Thomas a Kempis
“Catholicisim of Renan and Teilhard de Chardin” -
Catholicism of Rizal that inquires and enlightens
Juan Lardet - a French acquaintance of Rizal which he
challenged to a duel
Fr, Francisco de Paula Sanchez - Rizal’s favorite teacher
at ADMU; Rizal gave him a manuscript on his birthday
entitled “Estudios sobre la lengua tagala” (Studies on the
Tagalog Language) - a Tagalog grammar
Talisay - where Rizal built his house by the seashore
“Pablo Mercado” - assumed name of the friar’s spy
posing as a relative; secretly visited Rizal at his house on
the night of November 3, 1893.
- real identity: Florencio Namanan, 30 y/o, Cagayan de
Captain Juan Sitges - succeeded Cap. Carnicero on May
4, 1893; ordered the arrest of Pablo Mercado &
instructed Anastacio Adriatico to investigate him
Bibliotica Ncional in Madrid - where the transcripts of
investigation of the friar’s spy were declassified and
preserved
These available documents on the failed mission of
the friar’s spy have been quoted by 3 Rizalist
biographers: Retana, Palma, & Jose Baron Fernandez
Manuel T. HIdalgo - Rizal’s brother-in-law: “Maneng”
*August 1893 - his mother and sister Maria arrived in
Dapitan; he operated on his mother’s right eye
Don Ignacio Tumarong - rich Filipino ophthalmic
patient of Rizal; paid 3,000
Don Florencio Azacarraga - rich hacendero of Aklan;
patient of Rizal which paid him a cargo of sugar
Perito Agrimensor (expert surveyor) - Rizal’s title which
he obtained in Ateneo
Community Projects for Dapitan:
 town’s first water system
 drained the marshes to get rid of malaria
 lighting system
 remodelled the town plaza
 made a huge relief map of Mindanao - out of eart,
stones, and grass
*In 1893, Rizal established a school which existed until
the end of his exile in July 1896. It began with 3 pupils,
then 16 and later became 21.
*Formal classes where conducted bet. 2pm-4pm
*”Emperor” - what the best pupil was called
*Rizal taught his boys the ff:
 reading
 writing
 languages - Spanish and English
 geography
 history
 mathematics - arithmetic and geometry
 industrial work
 nature study
 morals
 gymnastics
*He trained them how “to collect specimen of plants
and animals, to love work, and to behave like men.”
“Himno a Talisay” (Hymn to Talisay) - a poem Rizal
wrote in honor of Talisay and for his pupils to sing
Dresden Museum - museum of Europe where Rizal sent
sent the specimens of some animals and plants
*Rizal discovered some rare specimens which were named
in his honor by the scientists:
 Draco rizali - flying dragon
 Apogonia rizali - small beetle
 Rhacophorus rizali - rare frog
*Languages Rizal learned in Dapitan:
 Bisayan
 Subanum
 Malay
*22 languages known by Rizal:
Tagalog, Ilokano, Bisayan, Subanum, Spanish, Latin,
Greek, English, French, German, Arabic, Malay, Hebrew,
Sanskrit, Dutch, Catalan, Italian, Chinese, Japanese,
Portuguese, Swedish, and Russian
*Steamer “Venus” - where Dr. Valenzuela rode from
Manila to Dapitan
*Raymundo Mata - a blind man brought by Dr.
Valenzuela to solicit Rizal’s medical advice to
camouflage his real mission
*Rizal believed that Bonifacio’s project was premature
for the ff. reasons:
1. the people are not ready for a revolution
2. arms and funds must first be collected before
raising the cry of revolution
Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco - Despujol’s successor; where
Rizal wrote to offer his services a military doctor in
Cuba
“El Canto del Viajero” (The Song of the Traveller) -
poem written by Rizal as he was going to travel to
Europe then Cuba

“The Mother’s Revenge” - a statuette modeled by Rizal July 31, 1896 - Rizal’s exile came to an end (4 years, 13
representing the mother-dog killing the crocodile days)
*He embarked on board the steamer “España”.
Ramon Carreon - a Dapitan merchant; business partner *He was accompanied by Josephine, Narcisa, Angelica
of Rizal where he made profitable business ventures in: (Narcisa’s daughter), 3 nephews, 6 pupils
fishing, copra, and hemp industries *”Funeral March” of Chopin - a farewell music the
*To break the Chinese monopoly on business in Dapitan, town brass band played
Rizal organized on Jan. 1, 1895 the “Cooperative
Association of Dapitan Farmers” with the ff. purposes:
 to improve the farm products
 to obtain better outlets for them
 to collect funds for their purchases
 to help the producers & workers by establishing a
store wherein they can buy prime commodities at
moderate prices

Inventions of Rizal:
 “sulpukan” - wooden cigarette lighter
 wooden machine for making bricks

“Mi Retiro” (My Retreat) - a poem written by Rizal upon

her mother’s request; about his serene life as an exile in
Dapitan; sent to his mother on Oct. 22, 1895; one of the
best ever penned by Rizal

Josephine Bracken - Rizal’s Irish bebegh0rL (18 y/o)

*Parents: James Bracken & Elizabeth Jane MacBride
*Adopted by: Mr. George Taufer
*”Josephine, Josephine” - Rizal’s poem for Josephine
*Francisco - Rizal’s lost son with Josephine (8 months)

Rizal and the Katipunan:

*Andres Bonifacio - “The Great Plebeian”
*Katipunan - founded on July 7, 1892
*Bitukang Manok - a little river where a secret meeting
of Katipunan took place (May 2, 1896)
*Pio Valenzuela - named emissary to Dapitan to inform
Rizal of the plan of the Katipunan to launch a revolution