JOSE P.

RIZAL'S EXILE IN DAPITAN (1892-1896)

 

Beginning of Exile in Dapitan. 

Father Pablo Pastells – Superior of the Jesuit Society of the Philippines

Father Antonio Obach – Jesuit parish priest of Dapitan

*Father Superior Pastells informed Father Obach that Rizal could live at
the parish convent on the following conditions:

1. "That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion, and make
statements that were clearly pro-Spanish and against revolution.

2. "That he perform the church rites and make a general confession of his
past life.

3. "That henceforth he conduct himself in an exemplary manner as a

Spanish subject and a man of religion."

*Rizal (the prisoner) lived in the house of Captain Carnicero (the warden).
*Their relations were warm and friendly.

A Don Ricardo Carnicero – a poem Rizal wrote on the occasion of the

Captain’s birthday, August 26, 1892

Wins in Manila Lottery.

September 21, 1892

mail boat Butuan - approached the town, with colored pennants flying in
the sea breezes

Lottery Ticket No. 9736 (jointly owned by Captain Carnicero, Dr. Rizal, and
Francisco Equilor) – won second prize of P20, 000 in the government-
owned Manila Lottery

Rizal's share – PHP6, 200.00

*PHP2, 000.00 – given to his father

*PHP200.00 – given to his friend Basamin Hong Kong,

*the rest – investment

LOTTERY

“This was his only vice” – Wenceslao Retana (Rizal’s first Spanish
biographer and former enemy)

Rizal-Pastells Debate on Religion.

This interesting religious debate may be read in four letters written by

Rizal, as flows:

(1) September 1, 1892; (2)

(2) November 11, 1892; (3)
(3) January 9, 1893;
(4) April 4, 1893;

and in Father Pastells' replies dated:

(1) October 12, 1892

(2) December 8, 1892

(3) February 2, 1893, and

(4) April (no exact date), 1893.

Rizal – revealed his anti-Catholic ideas

January 20, 1890

Rizal to Blumentritt (from Paris):

"I want to hit the friars, but only friars who utilized religion not only as a
shield, but also as a false and superstitious religion in order to fight the
enemy who hid himself behind it."

According to Rizal…

*individual judgment – a gift from God and everybody should use it like a
lantern to show the way and that self-esteem, if moderated by judgment,
saves man from unworthy acts.

*pursuit of truth – may lie in different paths, and thus "religious may vary,
but they all lead to the light."

According to Father Pastells …

*Divine faith – supersedes everything, including reason, self-esteem, and

individual judgment

*man’s intelligence – limited; hence one needs the guidance of

(He refuted Rizal's attacks on Catholic dogmas as misconceptions of

rationalism and naturalism, errors of misguided souls)

Rizal could not be convinced.

Rizal and Pastells – remained good friends

*Father Pastells – gave Rizal a copy of the Imitacion de Cristo (Imitation of

Christ)

*Rizal – gave his Jesuit opponent in debate a bust of St. Paul

Rizal continued to be a Catholic. His Catholicism, however, was the

Catholicism that inquires and enlightens, the "Catholicism of Renan and
Teilhard de Chardin."

RIZAL CHALLENGES A FRENCHMAN TO DUEL.

 Mr. Juan Lardet, a French businessman purchased many logs from the lands of Rizal and it so
happened that some of the logs were of poor quality.
 Lardet, in a letter written to Antonio Miranda, a friend of Rizal, expressed his disgust with the
business deal and stated that "if he (Rizal - Z) were a truthful man, he would have told me that
the lumber not included in the account were bad.
 Miranda forwarded Lardet's letter to Rizal making ìRizal flared up in anger for the Frenchman's
unsavory comment as an affront to his integrity.
 Immediately, he confronted Lardet and challenged him to a duel.
 Carnicero, a commandant, told the Frenchman to apologize rather than accept the challenge
quotint, "My friend, you have not a Chinaman's chance in a fight with Rizal on a field of honor.
Rizal is an expert in martial arts, particularly in fencing and pistol shooting."
 Heeding commandant's advice, Lardet wrote to Rizal in French apologizing for the insulting
comment.
 Rizal, as a gentleman and well-versed in pundonor (Hispanic chivalric code) accepted the
apology, and good relations between him and the Frenchman were restored.
 It is interesting to recall that twice before his sensitivity caused him to challenge people to a
duel - Antonio Luna in 1890 and W.E. Retana in the same year.

RIZAL AND FATHER SANCHEZ.

 Fr. Francisco de Paua Sanchez, Rizal's favorite teacher at the Ateneo de Manila, to Dapitan. He
was the only Spanish priest to defend Rizal's Noli Me Tangere in public.
 Many Jesuits tried their best to bring back Rizal within the Catholic fold, discarding his "errors of
religion".
 Father Sanchez used to argue theologically in a friendly manner with Rizal but all the efforts
of Sanchez were in vain.
 Despite his failures to persuade Rizal, Fr. Sanchez enjoyed the latters company and he even
assisted Rizal in beautifying the town plaza.
IDYLLIC LIFE IN DAPITAN.

 Since August 1893, members of his family took turns in visiting him in order to assuage his
loneliness.
 He built his house by the seashore of Talisay, surrounded by fruit trees and another house for
his school boys and a hospital for his parents. Describing his life in Dapitan, Rizal wrote to
Blumentritt on Dec. 19, 1893:
I shall tell you how we live here. I have three houses; one square, another hexagonal, and
a third octagonal, all of bamboo, wood and nipa. In the square house we live, my mother , sister
Trinidad, a nephew and I; in the octagonal live my boys or some good youngsters whom I teach
arithmetic, Spanish and English; and in the hexagonal live my chickens. From my house I hear the
murmur of a crystal clear brook which comes from the high rocks ; I see the seashore , the sea
where I have small boats, two canoes or barotos, as they say here. I have many fruit trees, mangoes,
lanzones, guayabanos, baluno, nangka, etc. I have rabbits, dogs, cats,etc. I rise early - at five - visit my
plants, feed the chickens, awaken my people and put them in movement. At half-past seven we
breakfast with tea, pastries, cheese, sweetmeats, etc. Later I treat my poor patients who come to my
land; I dress, I go to the town in my baroto, treat the people there, and return at 12 when my
luncheon awaits me. Then I teach the boys until 4 P.M. and devote the after- noon to agriculture. I
spend the night reading and studying.

House of Rizal in Dapitan

Where he used to cut logs.

RIZAL’s ENCOUNTER WITH THE FRIAR’S SPY

Pablo Mercado- assumed name of the spy whose real name was Florencio Namanan. He was a native of
Cagayan de Misamis, single and about 30 years old.

Hired by the Recollect Friar’s to a secret mission:

1. Introduce himself to Rizal as a friend and relative to spy on his activities.

2. Filch letters and writings of Rizal

Captain Juan Sitges- succeeded Captain Carnicero on May 24, 1893 and instructed Anastacio Adriatico
for the investigation.

Available documents on the failed mission of the spy have been quoted by three Rizalisst biographers_
Retana (1907), Palma (1949) and Jose Baron Fernandez (1982)

The secret mission of the spy was an espionage plot concocted by the friars.

AS PHYSICIAN IN DAPITAN

 Due to poverty of the people in Dapitan, Rizal gave them free medicines.
 August 1893- the operation of Dona Teodora
 His fame as physician particularly as eye specialist spread far and wide
 Don Ignacio Tumarong paid Rizal P3000 for restoring his eyesight.
 Don Florencio Azacarraga, a rich hacendero of Aklan cured of eye ailment paid Rizal a cargo of
sugar

WATER SYSTEM IN DAPITAN

 Rizal having the title of perito agrimensor applied his knowledge of engineering by constructing
a system of waterworksgiven inadequate tools and without aid from the government.
 He was praised by an American Engineer, Mr. M. F. Cameron

COMMUNITY PROJECTS FOR DAPITAN

 Spent many months draining the mashes in order to get rid of malaria
 Lighting system
 Beautification of Dapitan

Rizal as Teacher
 - During his travels abroad he observed the education system of modern nations because he
knows how important education is.



 >>CASA CUADRADA was built to serve the growing population of his pupils. Area underneath
served as their workshop place.

 - Estab. school in 1893, with 16 pupils and later to 21;
 - Subjects taught: reading, writing, languages (Spanish and English), geography, history,
mathematics (arithmetic and geometry), industrial work, nature study, morals and gymnastics;
He trained them how to collect specimens of plants and animals, to love work, and to "behave-
like men."
 - Formal classes were conducted from 2:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.
 - After class hours: pupils play games in order to strengthen their bodies (gymnastics, boxing,
wrestling, stone-throwing, swimming, arnis, and boating.)
 - Language used: Spanish and English on everyday (alternatively)
 - As in the Ateneo, the best pupil was called "emperor" and he sat at the head of the bench; the
poorest pupil occupied the end of the bench.
 - Instead of charging the students with tuition fees, he made them work in his garden, fields, and
construction projects in the community.


 Hymn to Talisay
 (Reporter: ask the students to go to page ___ if gusto nila ma basa ang poem. Isulti pod na ang
meaning o essence sa poem lang ang imo ireport)

 - His favorite rendezvous with his boys was under a talisay tree, after which the place was
named. In honor of Talisay, he wrote a poem entitled "Himno A Talisay" for his pupils to sing.
 - The poem seemed to be free from any trace of revolutionary ideas. However, on December 2,
1896, at the time of the trial of Dr. Jose Rizal, copies of documents ascribed to Rizal were
transmitted by Colonel Francisco Olive to the investigating officer Rafael Dominguez. The
documents written in Tagalog, were confiscated by the Spanish authorities of the Veteran Civil
Guard from Mr. Fresell’s warehouse, claiming that the papers were owned by Andres Bonifacio.
Two of the subversive letters they found were entitled “To Talisay” (Verse), by Laonglaan (Rizal)
and Kundiman (Verse) by J.P.R. (Jose P. Rizal). The documents were translated in English as
follows;

 We are children, we are the latest born. But our hearts beat high, and tomorrow we shall be full-
grown men who will know how to defend their hearths and homes. We are children, yes we are
children but nothing daunts us, neither wave nor storm nor thunder. With strong right arm and
unclouded brow we shall know how to fight in the hour of danger. Our hands shall take up in
turn those instruments of sovereign Reason, the sword, the pen, the spade.

 - The Spanish prosecutors claimed that the lyrics of Rizal’s Hymn to Talisay and Kundiman
contained seditious ideas, encouraging the Filipinos to revolt. Jose Rizal denied that the
confiscated papers with verses of Kundiman came from him (Reporter: sabihin mo na hindi
nalang natin sinali ditto ang verse ng Kundiman), but he accepted the validity of To Talisay.
 - An interesting question that remains unanswered is if there was a possibility that a copy of the
Hymn to Talisay reached the hands of Andres Bonifacio, despite the fact that it was exclusively
taught by Jose Rizal to his students in Talisay. Could it be possible that Rizal gave Dr. Pio
Valenzuela a copy of the song during Dr. Valenzuela’s visit to Dapitan? Or it was a mere accident
 that Bonifacio and Rizal both used the words “sword, pen and spade” in their poems and letters,
to which the Spanish authorities attached rebellious meanings, and used them as evidences to
incriminate Jose Rizal. (Reporter: basically, istorya nalang ni. Need not to put to ppt)

 Contributions to Science

 There was no question to Rizal's versatility when it comes to science.
 - Rizal conducted anthropological, ethnographical, archaeological, geological and geographical
studies
 - Rizal was able to explore the jungles and coasts of Dapitan and nearby areas seeking specimens
of
 insects, birds, snakes, lizards, frogs, shells, and plants.
 - Rizal built up a rich collection of oncology, which consisted of 346 shells representing 203
species.

 - He sent these specimens to the museum of Europe, especially the Dresden Museum. In
payment for these valuable specimens, the European scientist sent him scientific books and
surgical instruments (especially for Ophthalmology)
 - Siya ay nakapagpadala ng 45 reptiles, 9 mammals, 13 uri ng ibon at isda, at 68 crustaceans.
Kabilang sa mga ito ang ahas-taling bilao, Furina philippensis, at ataybia o Naja naja Linn.

 
 >> Pinag-aralan din niya ang buhay ng isang peste na tinawag na Chalcosoma atlas o oang, na
siyang tumutupok sa ang mga puno ng buko sa lugar

 - He discovered some rare specimens who were named in his honor by the scientists.
 Draco rizali (a flying dragon)
 Apogonia rizali (a small beetle)
 Rhacophorus rizali (a rare frog)


ARTISTIC WORKS IN DAPITAN.

 Rizal helped the Sisters of Charity in painting an image for their sanctuary of the Holy Virgin. He
modeled the right foot of the image, the serpent and the apple in the serpent’s mouth. He also
designed the curtain in the painting.
 He drew the three rare species he discovered in animal life: the dragon, the frog and the beetle.
He also drew fishes acaught in Dapitan.

 He drew “The Mother’s Revenge”. It shows a moother-dog killing a crocodile. It was when his
pupils secretly visited him in Dapitan and his puppy followed them but was eaten by a crocodile.

 Sculptural
works: bust of Father Guenico (one of his ateneo professor) a statue of a girl called “The Dapitan
Girl”, a woodcarving of Josephine Bracken, and a bust of St. Paul.
 Model head of dapitan girl

Father Guenico

RIZAL AS FARMER.

 He acquired 16 hectares of land in Talisay. He built his home, school and hospital there. He also
planted cacao, coffee, sugarcane, coconuts and fruit trees in his land. He had a total land
holdings of about 70 hectares.
 There he introduced modern methods of agriculture.
 He wanted to establish an agricultural colony in the sisio of ponot near Sindagan Bay but failed
to materialize due to lack of support from the government.

RIZAL AS BUSINESSMAN.

 He partnered with Ramon Carreon, a Dapitan merchant in business verntures such as fishing,
copra & hemp industries. On May 14, 1893, they became partners in lime manufacturing.
 In his letter to Hidalgo dated January 19, 1893, he planned to improve the fishing methods in
Dapitan through the use of big net for trawl fishing (pukutan) and teaching them better methods
of fishing.

 Hemp (he cannabis plant, esp. when grown for fiber.) was the most profitable business venture
of Rizal.
 On January 1, 1895, he organized the Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers to break the
Chines monopoly business in Daptian.

RIZAL’S INVENTIVE ABILITY.

 In 1887, he invented the “sulpukan”, a wooden cigarette lighter made of wood as a gift to
Blumentritt.
 He invented a wooden machine which could manufacture about 6000 bricks.
My Retreat

 this poem was made in response to his mother's request, Doña Teodora
 it was about his serene life as an exile in dapitan and sent it to her on October 22, 1895
 it is one of the best ever poem made by rizal
 Poems interpretation:
 This poem tells a story about someone who leaves the chaos of the modern world to be
alone and reflect on nature. They retreat to repose, to be at ease, so they can silence the grief, or
forget the stress of life. For awhile he is content with all around him, admiring nature, then as he
becomes lonely he remembers that God is always with him. He tells us briefly of his faith and
Gods ability to always be there with him. With a sudden memory of all the things he saw as
grief, he realize that they were what they were and it is his choice to see them as he once did. His
choice to stay and die in his own solitude, he decides to return to the world from which he once
chose to retreat.

Rizal and Josephine Bracken

 the death of Leonora Rivera on August 28, 1893 due to child birth left a painful
nothingness in Rizal's life
 a lady came to Dapitan, who is Josephine Bracken an Irish girl of sweet eigtheen, she
accompanied his step-father, George Taufer, who later became blind, to seek for the ophthalmic
services of the famous Rizal.
 They went to manila because no ophthalmic surgeon could cure his father's blindness in
Hong Kong, their home town
 after hearing that rizal was in dapitan, they proceeded together with Manuela Orlac and
they bring together with them a card of introduction from Julio Llorente, rizal's friend and
schoolmate
 rizal and bracken fell inlove with each other at first sight and after a month of romance
they agreed to marry
 but father obach, priest of dapitan, refused to marry them without the permission of
Cebu's bishop
 when taufer heard about the marriage, he attempted to commit suicide by cutting of his
throat but rizal grabbed his wrist and prevented the attempted sucide
 mr. taufer's illness was not cured because his ailment was incurable
 To avoid tragedy, josephine went to manila with taufer. But josephine stayed at manila
with rizal's family while his father was returning home to hong kong
 later she returned to dapitan and lived with rizal and marry themselves in the eyes of
GOD
 Rizal made a poem for his lady in titled “ Josephine, Josephine”
 in the 1896, the couple were so happy about the said pregnancy of bracken
 unfortunately, rizal played a prank on bracken which result to a premature birth to an
eight month baby boy who lived only for 3 hours and died
 rizal named his son “Francisco” in honor to his Father, Don Francisco
Rizal and Katipunan

 andres bonifacio, the “great plebeian”, found the revotionary society called Katipunan on
July 7, 1892
 in a secret meeting of the katipunan on May 2, 1896, dr. pio valenzuela was named
emmisary to dapitan, in order to inform rizal about the lauching of revelution
 to disguise his mission, he brought with him a blind man named Raymundo Mata and a
guide, which is ostensibly going to dapitan to seek rizal's medical advices
 valenzuela arrived at dapitan on June 21, 1896
 after talking to rizal about the rebellion, rizal objected Bonifacio's project to plunge in
bloody revolution for two reasons:
1. the people are not ready for the revolution
2. and the arms and funds must first be collected before raising the cry of revolution
 he also disapproved of the plan of the katipunan to rescue him because he had given his
words to the spanish authority and he did not want to break it

VOLUNTEERS AS MILITARY DOCTORS IN CUBA.

 Months before the Katipunan contacted him, Rizal had offered his services as military doctor in
Cuba.
 Blumentritt advised Rizal to voulunteer as army physician there.
 Thus, Rizal wrote to Governor General Ramn Blanco on Dec. 17, 1895 to offer his services in
Cuba
 The reply from Governor Blanco reached Rizal on July 30, 1896
 Song of the Traveller.
 With Rizal’s joyous thought of resuming his travels, he wrote a poem entitled Ël Canto de
Viajero”(The song of the traveller

ADIOS DAPITAN.

 Rizal’s four year exile in Dapitan ended on July 31, 1896

 At midnight on that date he embarked on board the streamer Ëspana”
 As farewell music, the town brass band played a funeral song.
 When he could no longer see the shoreline, he went to his cabin and wrote in his diary: Ï have
been in that district for four years, thirteen days, and a few hours.”