MATH 9 QUARTER 3 Week 5

NAME: ____________________________________ YR & SEC: _____________________

Competency:
The learner
1. describes a proportion (M9GE-IIIf-1);
2. applies the fundamental theorems of proportionality to solve problems involving proportions.
(M9GE-IIIf-2)

Expectations

This module is designed to help you master on how to describe proportion and applies the
fundamental theorems of proportionality to solve problems involving proportions.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. rewrite the given proportions according to the property indicated;
2. illustrate and verify the basic Proportionality Theorem and its Converse; and
3. solve problems involving proportions applying the fundamental theorems of proportionality.
4. solve for the unknown lengths involving triangles using the angle-bisector theorem.

Pre-test

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Express in simplest form the ratio of 𝐶𝐷 ∶ 𝐸𝐹, if 𝐶𝐷 = 3 𝑓𝑡. and 𝐸𝐹 = 2 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ.

3 2 1 24
A. B. C. D.
2 3 24 1

2 4
2. What is the missing term in the proportion = ?
5 𝑦
A. 8 B. 10 C. 12 D. 14

For numbers 3 –5. Refer to the given statements and figure of a triangle to answer the following.

A
Given: ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑫𝑬 ∥ 𝑩𝑪, 𝑨𝑩 = 𝟏𝟐, 𝑨𝑫 = 𝟒, 𝑬𝑪 = 𝟏𝟎
3. What is the ratio AD:BD in simplest form? 4
A.
4
B.
1
C.
4
D.
1
D E
12 3 8 2
4. Which of the following is the value of AE? 10
A.4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
B C
5. What is the ratio AE: EC in simplest form?
1 2 3 7
A. B. C. D.
2 5 5 10

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 5 P a g e 1 | 10

 Looking Back to your Lesson

From your previous lesson, you will use the concepts and skills you have learned in the
previous grades on ratio and proportion and deductive proof. A ratio is used to compare
two or more quantities. Quantities involved in ratio are the same kind so that ratio does not make
use of units. However, when quantities are of different kinds, the comparison of the quantities that
consider the units is called rate.

Introduction of the Topic

Lesson 1: It’s all about Proportion

The solution in the table that follows shows that corresponding quantities are proportional.
In short, they form a proportion because the ratios are equal.

Solution:
3 ft.: 36 in. = 4 ft. : 48 in. 3 4 3 4 1 1
? → ? → =
36 48 3(12) 4(12) 12 12

As previously mentioned, proportion defined as the equality of two ratios.

Fundamental Rule of Proportion
𝒘 𝒚
If w: x = y : z, then = provided that x ≠ 0; z ≠ 0
𝒙 𝒛
Properties of Proportion
𝒘 𝒚
Cross – multiplication If = 𝒛 , then 𝑤𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦; 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0
𝒙
Property

𝒘 𝒚 𝒘 𝒙
Alternation Property If = 𝒛, then = 𝒛 ; 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0
𝒙 𝒚

𝒘 𝒚 𝒙 𝒛
Inverse Property If = 𝒛, then = 𝒚 ; 𝑤 ≠ 0, 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑦 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0
𝒙 𝒘

𝒘 𝒚 𝒘+𝒙 𝒚+𝒛
Addition Property If = 𝒛, then = ; 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0
𝒙 𝒙 𝒛

𝒘 𝒚 𝒘−𝒙 𝒚− 𝒛
Subtraction Property If = , then = ; 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0
𝒙 𝒛 𝒙 𝒛

𝒖 𝒘 𝒚 𝒖 𝒘 𝒚 𝒖+𝒘+𝒚
Sum Property If = = 𝒛, then = =𝒛= = 𝒌;
𝒗 𝒙 𝒗 𝒙 𝒗+𝒙+𝒛

where 𝒌 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 ≠ 0, 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0

Example 1.1: Rewrite the given proportions according to the property indicated in the table
and find out if the ratios in the rewritten proportions are still equal.

𝟒 𝟐
Find the value of x in the proportion = .
𝒙 𝟔

Solution:
Cross – Multiplication Property 4 2 2𝑥 = 4(6)
=
𝑥 6 𝑥 = 12

Alternation Property 4 𝑥 2𝑥 = 4(6)

=
2 6 𝑥 = 12

Inverse Property 𝑥 6 2𝑥 = 4(6)

=
4 2 𝑥 = 12

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 5 P a g e 2 | 10

 Addition Property 6(4 + 𝑥) = 𝑥(2 + 6)
24 + 6𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 6𝑥
4+𝑥 2+6 24 = 2𝑥
= −2𝑥 = 24
𝑥 6
𝑥 = 12
Subtraction Property 6(4 − 𝑥) = 𝑥(2 − 6)
24 − 6𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 6𝑥
4−𝑥 2−6 24 − 6𝑥 = −4𝑥
= −6𝑥 + 4𝑥 = −24
𝑥 6 −2𝑥 = −24
𝑥 = 12
Sum Property 𝟒 𝟔
𝟐 𝟔
𝑭𝒐𝒓 =
𝑭𝒐𝒓 = 𝟔 𝒙+𝟔
𝒙 𝒙+𝟔
36 = 2(𝑥 + 6)
4+2 6 6𝑥 = 4(𝑥 + 6)
= 36 = 2𝑥 + 12
𝑥+6 𝑥+6 6𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 24
36 − 12 = 2𝑥
6𝑥 − 4𝑥 = 24
24 = 2𝑥
2𝑥 = 24
2𝑥 = 24
𝑥 = 12
𝑥 = 12

Lesson 2: Proportionality Theorems

6 9
̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅
In the figure below, 𝐴𝐶 𝐸𝐺 are divided proportionally because = .
2 3

So, any equivalent proportion is true.

2 3 2 3 6 9
= , = , =
6 9 8 12 8 12
𝑨𝑩 𝑬𝑭 𝑨𝑩 𝑬𝑭 𝑩𝑪 𝑭𝑮
= , = , =
𝑩𝑪 𝑭𝑮 𝑨𝑪 𝑬𝑮 𝑨𝑪 𝑬𝑮

Now let us consider proportional sides of a triangle.

Basic Proportionality Theorem

If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle and intersects the other two sides in distinct points, then
it divides the sides proportionaly.

𝑫𝑨 𝑬𝑪
̅̅̅̅ so
̅̅̅̅ is parallel to side 𝐴𝐶
In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝐷𝐸 = 𝑩𝑬.
𝑩𝑫
Equivalent proportions include
𝑩𝑫 𝑩𝑬 𝑩𝑫 𝑩𝑬 𝑫𝑨 𝑬𝑪
= , = , = .
𝑫𝑨 𝑬𝑪 𝑩𝑨 𝑩𝑪 𝑩𝑨 𝑩𝑪

Example 2.1: Refer to the figure on the right.

a. Complete each proportion.
𝑝
1. 𝑞
=
𝑝+𝑞
2. 𝑞
=
𝑞+𝑝
3. 𝑝
=
b. If 𝑝: 𝑞 = 3: 5 and 𝑠 𝑖𝑠 6 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑟, find r and s.
Solution:
𝑝 𝑟 𝑝+𝑞 𝑟+𝑠 𝑞+𝑝 𝑠+𝑟
a. 1. 𝑞
=𝑠 2. 𝑞
= 𝑠
3. 𝑝
= 𝑟

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 5 P a g e 3 | 10

 b. If 𝑝: 𝑞 = 3: 5 and 𝑠 𝑖𝑠 6 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑟, find r and s. 𝑝 3
=
𝑞 5
Step 1: Given 𝑠 = 𝑟 + 6 (since 𝑠 𝑖𝑠 6 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑟)
Step 2: Form a proportion using the theorem on 𝑝 𝑟
Basic Proportionality. =
𝑞 𝑠
3 𝑟
Step 3: Substitute the value of each segment. =
5 𝑟+6
3(𝑟 + 6) = 5𝑟
Step 4: Apply the Cross – multiplication Property 3𝑟 + 18 = 5𝑟
of Proportion
18 = 5𝑟 − 3𝑟
18 = 2𝑟
Step 5: Solve for s
𝒓=𝟗
Therefore, s = 15
Example 2.2: 𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝐺𝐻 || 𝐷𝐹, 𝐸𝐻 = 12, 𝐻𝐹 = 18 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐺𝐷 = 6. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐸𝐺.
Solution:
E
Step 1: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝐸𝐺 𝑥 = 𝐸𝐺
x 12
Step 2: Form a proportion using the 𝐸𝐺 𝐸𝐻
theorem on Basic Proportionality. =
H
𝐺𝐷 𝐻𝐹 G
Step 3: Substitute the value of each 𝑥 12 6 18
=
segment. 6 18
D F
Step 4: Apply the Cross – 18𝑥 = 12 (6)
multiplication Property of Proportion 18𝑥 = 72

𝑥=4
Step 5: Solve for EG Therefore, EG = 4
The converse of the above theorem is also true.

Converse of the Proportionality Theorem

If a line divides two sides of a triangle proportionally, then the line is parallel to the third side.

Corollary
If three parallel lines are cut by two transversals, then they divide the transversals proportionally.

In the accompanying figure, three parallel lines 𝒌, 𝒍 and 𝒎 are cut by to two transversals.
This results to the following proportions.

𝑨𝑩 𝑫𝑬 𝑨𝑪 𝑫𝑭 𝑨𝑩 𝑫𝑬
= , = , = .
𝑩𝑪 𝑬𝑭 𝑩𝑪 𝑬𝑭 𝑨𝑪 𝑫𝑭

Example 2.3: If 𝐷𝐸 = 24, 𝐸𝐹 = 16 and 𝑋𝑍 = 30, then 𝑌𝑍 = ? .

Solution:

Step 1: Let 𝑎 = 𝑌𝑍 𝑎 = 𝑌𝑍
MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 5 P a g e 4 | 10
 Step 2: Form a proportion
using the corollary 𝐷𝐹 𝑋𝑍
Note: 𝐷𝐹 = 𝐷𝐸 + 𝐸𝐹 (Segment =
𝐸𝐹 𝑌𝑍
Addition Postulate)
24 + 16 30
=
Step 3: Substitute the value of 16 𝑎
each segment. 40 30
=
16 𝑎
Step 4: Apply the Cross – 40 𝑎 = 30 (16)
multiplication Property of 40 𝑎 = 480
Proportion
40 𝑎 = 480
Step 5: Solve for YZ 𝑎 = 12
Therefore, YZ = 12

Triangle Angle-Bisector Theorem

If a ray bisects an angle of a triangle, then it divides the opposite side into segments proportional to
the other two sides of the triangle.

In ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶, ray 𝐵𝐷 bisects ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 . Thus, results to

proportion;

𝒍 𝒏
=
𝒎 𝒐

Example 2.4: Given that ∆𝐸𝐹𝐺 with ∠1 ≅ ∠2. Answer the following.
𝐸𝐷
a. 𝐷𝐺
=
b. If 𝐸𝐷 = 6, 𝐷𝐺 = 8 and the perimeter of ∆𝐸𝐹𝐺
is 42, find 𝐸𝐹.
c. If 𝐸𝐷 = 5, 𝐷𝐺 = 7 and the perimeter of ∆𝐸𝐹𝐺
is 36, find 𝐹𝐺.

Solution:
𝐸𝐷 𝐸𝐹
a. =
𝐷𝐺 𝐹𝐺

b. If 𝐸𝐷 = 6, 𝐷𝐺 = 8 and the perimeter of ∆𝐸𝐹𝐺 is 42, find 𝐸𝐹.

Step 1: Given 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑬𝑭𝑮 = 42

42 = 𝐸𝐹 + 𝐹𝐺 + 𝐸G

Since EG = ED+ DG, then EG = 14

42 = 𝐸𝐹 + 𝐹𝐺 + 14
42 − 14 = 𝐸𝐹 + 𝐹𝐺
28 = 𝐸𝐹 + 𝐹𝐺
Let x = EF, so
𝟐𝟖 = 𝒙 + 𝑭𝑮
Therefore,
𝟐𝟖 − 𝒙 = 𝑭𝑮
Step 2: Form a proportion using the theorem on
Triangle Angle-Bisector theorem. 𝐸𝐷 𝐸𝐹
=
𝐷𝐺 𝐹𝐺
Step 3: Substitute the value of each segment. 6 𝑥
=
8 28 − 𝑥
3 𝑥
=
4 28 − 𝑥

Step 4: Apply the Cross – multiplication Property of 3(28 − 𝑥) = 4𝑥

Proportion 84 − 3𝑥 = 4𝑥

Step 5: Solve for EF 84 = 4𝑥 + 3𝑥

84 = 7𝑥
MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 5 P a g e 5 | 10
 12 = 𝑥

Therefore, EF = 12

c. If 𝐸𝐷 = 5, 𝐷𝐺 = 7 and the perimeter of ∆𝐸𝐹𝐺 is 36, find 𝐹𝐺.

Step 1: Given 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑬𝑭𝑮 = 𝟑𝟔

𝐸𝐹 + 𝐹𝐺 + 𝐸G = 36

Since EG = ED + DG, then EG = 12

𝐸𝐹 + 𝐹𝐺 + 12 = 36
𝐸𝐹 + 𝐹𝐺 = 36 − 12
𝐸𝐹 + 𝐹𝐺 = 24
Let x = EF, so
𝒙 + 𝑭𝑮 = 𝟐𝟒
Therefore,
𝑭𝑮 = 𝟐𝟒 − 𝒙
Step 2: Form a proportion using the theorem on
Triangle Angle-Bisector theorem. 𝐸𝐷 𝐸𝐹
=
𝐷𝐺 𝐹𝐺
Step 3: Substitute the value of each segment. 5 𝑥
=
7 24 − 𝑥
Step 4: Apply the Cross – multiplication Property of 5(24 − 𝑥) = 7𝑥
Proportion 120 − 5𝑥 = 7𝑥

Step 5: Solve for FG 120 = 7𝑥 + 5𝑥

120 = 12𝑥
10 = 𝑥
Since 𝑭𝑮 = 𝟐𝟒 − 𝒙

Therefore, FG = 14

Activities

Activity 1: Certainly, The Ratios Are Equal!

Rewrite the given proportions according to the property indicated in the table and find out if
the ratios in the rewritten proportions are still equal.

Use the cross multiplication property to

verify that ratios are equal. Simplify if
necessary. One is done for you.

Original Proportion 𝑦 𝑎 4𝑦 = 3𝑎
=
3 4
Alternation Property of the original
proportion
Inverse Property of the original
proportion
Addition Property of the original
proportion
Subtraction Property of the original
proportion
Sum Property of the original
proportion

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 5 P a g e 6 | 10

Activity 2:
A. Refer to the figure on the right, in which 𝑃𝑄 ∥ 𝑂𝐿. Fill up the table with the missing lengths.

1. 𝑊𝑃 = 9 𝑊𝑄 = 6 𝑊𝑂 = 15 𝑊𝐿 = _______

2. 𝑊𝑄 = 6 𝑊𝑃 = 8 𝑊𝐿 = 15 𝑊𝑂 = ______

3. 𝑊𝑄 = 12 𝑊𝐿 = 15 𝑊𝑂 = 30 𝑊𝑃 = ______

4. 𝑊𝑃 = 15 𝑊𝑂 = 20 𝑊𝐿 = 16 𝑊𝑄 = ______

Activity 3: MATH CHALLENGE

Complete each proportion.
A. For numbers 1-5, refer on figure 1.
𝑚
1. =
𝑙
𝑐+𝑑
2. =
𝑑
𝑙+𝑚
3. =
𝑙
4. 𝑐 = 12, 𝑑 = 9, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚 = 4; find 𝑙.
5. 𝑐 = 24, 𝑚 = 6, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑 = 𝑙; find 𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙.

B. For numbers 6-10, refer on figure 2.

𝑭𝑬 𝑭𝑮 𝑬𝑫 𝑫𝑮 𝑬𝑮

6 21 6.____ 14 7.____

25 35 20 8.____ 9.____

3 5 10.____ 10 16

Remember
Proportion – is the equality of two ratios.

Fundamental Rule of Proportion

𝒘 𝒚
If w : x = y : z, then 𝒙 = 𝒛provided that x ≠ 0; z ≠ 0
Properties of Proportion
𝒘 𝒚
Cross – multiplication If = 𝒛 , then 𝑤𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦; 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0
𝒙
Property
𝒘 𝒚 𝒘 𝒙
Alternation Property If = 𝒛, then = 𝒛 ; 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0
𝒙 𝒚

𝒘 𝒚 𝒙 𝒛
Inverse Property If = 𝒛, then = 𝒚 ; 𝑤 ≠ 0, 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑦 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0
𝒙 𝒘

𝒘 𝒚 𝒘+𝒙 𝒚+𝒛
Addition Property If = 𝒛, then = ; 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0
𝒙 𝒙 𝒛

𝒘 𝒚 𝒘−𝒙 𝒚− 𝒛
Subtraction Property If = 𝒛, then = ; 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0
𝒙 𝒙 𝒛

Sum Property If
𝒖
=
𝒘 𝒚
= 𝒛, then
𝒖
=
𝒘 𝒚
=𝒛=
𝒖+𝒘+𝒚
= 𝒌;
𝒗 𝒙 𝒗 𝒙 𝒗+𝒙+𝒛

where𝒌 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 ≠ 0, 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 5 P a g e 7 | 10
Basic Proportionality Theorem
• If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle and intersects the other two sides in distinct points,
then it divides the sides proportionality.
Converse of the Proportionality Theorem
• If a line divides two sides of a triangle proportionally, then the line is parallel to the third side.
Corollary
• If three parallel lines are cut by two transversals, then they divide the transversals
proportionally.
Triangle Angle- Bisector Theorem
• If a ray bisects an angle of a triangle, then it divides the opposite side into segments
proportional to the other two sides of the triangle.

Check your Understanding

A
Solve the following and show your solution.

A. In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪, 𝑫𝑬 ∥ 𝑩𝑪.
E D
1. Given that DB = 3, AE = 2 and EC = 6, find AD.
2. If AD = 2, DB = 3 and EC = 6, then what is AE? C B
3. Let AE = 6, EC = 8, and AD = 3, solve for DB.
4. Given that AD = 2, DB = 5 and AE = 4, find EC.
5. Find x, if AD = x + 2, AE = 6, EC = 8, and DB = 4.
6. Given that AD = 6, DB = 4, AE = x + 3, EC = 8, solve for x.
7. Find DB, if AD = 6, DB = x + 3, AE = 12, and EC = 10.
8. What is the value of EC, if AD = 4, DB = 3, AE = 8, and EC = x + 2?
9. Solve for AC, if AD = x + 5, AE = x, DB = 20, and EC = 10.
10. If AD = 3, DB = x, AE = 15, EC = x + 16, then what is AC?

B. In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪, 𝑫𝑬 ∥ 𝑩𝑪,
Solve for the following: A
x+2 2
1. 𝑥
D E
2. 𝐴𝐵 6 x+1
3. 𝐸𝐶 C
B
4.𝐴𝐶

Post-test

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Express in simplest form the ratio of 𝐶𝐷 ∶ 𝐸𝐹, if 𝐶𝐷 = 3 𝑓𝑡. and 𝐸𝐹 = 2 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ.
3 2 1 24
A. B. C. D.
2 3 24 1

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 5 P a g e 8 | 10

 2 4
2. What is the missing term in the proportion = ?
5 𝑦

A. 8 B. 10 C. 12 D. 14

For numbers 3 –5. Refer to the given statements and figure of a triangle to answer the following.
Given: ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑫𝑬 ∥ 𝑩𝑪, 𝑨𝑩 = 𝟏𝟐, 𝑨𝑫 = 𝟒, 𝑬𝑪 = 𝟏𝟎 A
4
3. What is the ratio AD:BD in simplest form? D E
4 1 4 1
A. B. C. D. 10
12 3 8 2
B C
4. Which of the following is the value of AE?
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7

5. What is the ratio AE : EC in simplest form?

1 2 3 7
A. 2 B. 5 C. D.
5 10

Reflection

Write a reflection on your journal by answering the “3- 2- 1 Prompt”. List the following details in
your journal:
3 - things that you have learned from this lesson.
2 – questions that they still have.
1 – aspect of lesson that they enjoyed.

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 5 P a g e 9 | 10

 MATHEMATICS 9
Quarter 3 Week 5
ANSWER SHEET
Name: Math Teacher:
Section: Score:

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 5 P a g e 10 | 10