CATHOLIC SCHOOLS IN IFUGAO

MATHEMATICS 9
THIRD QUARTER – A. Y. 2022-2023

WEEK 1
LESSON 1: SIMILARITY
LESSON 1.1 – RATIO AND PROPORTION
Ratio – is a comparison between two numbers or quantities
Proportion – is an equation that shows two ratios are equivalent
For example:
The ratio of female to male presidents of the Philippines can be expressed in different forms:
2
2: 13 (colon form) 13
(fraction form)
2 ÷ 13 (division form) 2 𝑡𝑜 13 (phrase form)
2 6
The equation 2: 13 = 6: 39 or 13 = 39 is a proportion.
In the given proportion, 13 and 6 are called means; 2 and 39 are called extremes.

Law of Proportions
1st Law of Proportions 2nd Law of Proportions 3rd Law of Proportions
Means – Extremes Product Law of Switch Means – Switch Extremes Law Invert-Both-Sides Law of Proportions
Proportions of Proportions -If the terms of the ratios of
- The product of the means equals the - Interchanging the means or proportion are inverted, the result is
product of extremes. interchanging the extremes of a an equivalent proportion.
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐 𝑏 𝑑
If 𝑏 = 𝑑 then 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐, proportion results in an equivalent If 𝑏 = 𝑑 , then 𝑎 = 𝑐
where 𝑏 ≠ 0, 𝑑 ≠ 0 proportion. where a, b, c and d are nonzero real
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑑 𝑐
If = , then = or = numbers
𝑏 𝑑 𝑐 𝑑 𝑏 𝑎
Example 1: Find the value of 𝑥 in the where a, b, c and d are nonzero real
4 2
proportion = numbers Example 3: Show that if 𝑎: 𝑏 = 𝑐: 𝑑
𝑥 6
4 2 then 𝑏: 𝑎 = 𝑑: 𝑐.
Solution: =
𝑥 6 Example 2: Find the equivalent Solution:
2𝑥 = 4(6) proportion of 3𝑥: 1 = 𝑦: 2 𝑎
=
𝑐
Renaming (fraction form)
𝑏 𝑑
𝑥 = 12 Solution: 𝑑 𝑏
3𝑥 𝑦 𝑐
=𝑎 2nd Law of Proportions
1
=2 (interchange b and c and a and d)
3𝑥 1 𝑏 𝑑
= interchange y and 1 (means) = 𝑐 Symmetric Property
𝑦 2 𝑎
or 𝑏: 𝑎 = 𝑑: 𝑐 colon form
3𝑥 𝑦
1
=2
2 𝑦
1
= 3𝑥 interchanged 3x and 2 (extremes)
4th Law of Proportions 5th Law of Proportions 6th Law of Proportions
Denominator-Addition Law of Denominator-Subtraction Law of Numerator-Denominator Sum Law
Proportions Proportions of Proportions
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎+𝑏 𝑐+𝑑 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎−𝑏 𝑐−𝑑 The ratio of the sum of the
If 𝑏 = 𝑑 then 𝑏 = 𝑑 , If 𝑏 = 𝑑 then 𝑏 = 𝑑 ,
numerators to the sum of the
where 𝑏 ≠ 0, 𝑑 ≠ 0 where 𝑏 ≠ 0, 𝑑 ≠ 0
denominator is equivalent to each of
Example 4: Use the 4th Law of Example 5: Find the ratio of x to y if the equal ratios.
𝑎 𝑐 𝑒 𝑎+𝑐+𝑒… 𝑎
Proportion to solve the proportion 𝑥 + 𝑦: 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3: 2 If 𝑏 = 𝑑 = 𝑓 = ⋯, then 𝑏+𝑑+𝑓… = 𝑏 =
Solution: 𝑐 𝑒
for x: 5: 4 = 3: 𝑥 = 𝑓 = ⋯ where a, b, c and d are
𝑑
Solution: 𝑥 + 𝑦: 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3: 2 Given
5 3 𝑥+𝑦 3 nonzero real numbers.
=𝑥 = Equivalent form
4 𝑥−𝑦 2
5+4 3+𝑥 𝑥+𝑦−(𝑥−𝑦) 3−2
= = 5th Law Example 6: 𝐼𝑓 2: 𝑥 = 𝑥: 18, find x.
4 𝑥 𝑥−𝑦 2
4(3 + 𝑥) = 𝑥(5 + 4) 𝑥+𝑦−𝑥+𝑦 1 Solution:
=2 Distributive Property 2 𝑥
12𝑥 + 4𝑥 = 9𝑥 𝑥−𝑦
𝑥
= 18 Given
2𝑦 1
12 = 9𝑥 − 4𝑥 =2 2+𝑥 2
12 = 5𝑥 𝑥−𝑦
𝑥+18
=𝑥 6th Law
5𝑥 = 12 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4𝑦 1st Law 𝑥(2 + 𝑥) = 2(𝑥 + 18) 1st Law
𝑥= 5
12 𝑥 = 4𝑦 + 𝑦 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 + 36 Distributive
2
𝑥 = 5𝑦 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 36 Addition Property
𝑥
=5 𝑥 2 = 36
𝑦 𝑥 = ±√36 Square root Property
𝑥: 𝑦 = 5: 1 Equivalent form 𝑥 = ±6

1|M A TH 9
 𝑥 4
Example 1: Use the proportion 𝑦 = 9 to complete each statement:
Given Answers: Given Answers:
a. 4y = _______ 4𝑦 = 9𝑥 b.
𝑥
= ___________ 𝑥 𝑦
4 =
4 9
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 4+9 9 9 𝑦
c. 𝑦
= __________ 𝑦
=
9
d. = ___________ =
4 4 𝑥
𝑥 + 𝑦 13
=
𝑦 9

Example 2: Find the value of the variable using the fundamental laws of proportion.
𝑎 15 𝑎 15
= Solution: = Cross multiply.
8 24 8 24
24𝑎 = (8)(15)
24𝑎 = 120
24𝑎 120
24
= 24 Divide both sides by 24.
𝑎=5 Solve for 𝑎.

LESSON 1.2 - SIMILAR TRIANGLES

Two triangles are Similar if and only if their corresponding angles are congruent and the lengths of their corresponding
sides are proportional.
These triangles are all similar:

All All
corresponding corresponding
angles are sides have the
equal same ratio

Corresponding Sides
In similar triangles, corresponding sides are always in the same ratio.
For example:
Triangles R and S are similar. The equal angles are marked with the same
numbers of arcs. What are the corresponding lengths?
 The lengths 7 and a are corresponding (they face the angle
marked with one arc)
 The lengths 8 and 6.4 are corresponding (they face the angle marked with two arcs)
 The lengths 6 and b are corresponding (they face the angle marked with three arcs)

CONGRUENT TRIANGLES
 When two triangles are congruent they will have exactly the same three sides and exactly the same three angles.
 The equal sides and angles may not be in the same position (if there is a turn or a flip), but they are there.

is congruent to:

Reason: Both triangles have the same size.

But they might NOT be congruent because of different sizes:

is NOT congruent to: Reason: Even though all angles

match, one is larger than the other.

Marking. When two triangles are congruent we often mark corresponding sides and angles like this:

2|M A TH 9
 is congruent to:

CALCULATING THE LENGTH OF A SIDE OR THE MEASURE OF AN ANGLE OF A TRIANGLE

Symbols:
͠ is similar to ≅ is congruent to m∠ measurement of angle ∆ triangle
Example 1: Find the similarity ratio. Find m∠𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚∠𝐹
𝐹𝐴 3 1
Similarity Ratio: = = m∠𝑁 = 𝑚∠𝑅 = 37°
∆𝐾𝐼𝑁~∆𝐹𝐴𝑅 𝐾𝐼 6 2
m∠𝐹 = 𝑚∠𝐾 = 53°
Find IN.
𝐴𝑅 𝐹𝐴
Solution: 𝐼𝑁 = 𝐾𝐼
4 1
𝐼𝑁
=2

𝐼𝑁 = 8
Example 2: ∆𝐸𝐺𝑅~∆𝐸𝐴𝑇 Find ET. Find 𝑚∠𝑇
Solution:
𝐴𝑇 𝐸𝑇
𝐺𝑅
= 𝐸𝑅 𝑚∠𝑅 = 𝑚∠𝑇 = 50°
12 𝐸𝑇
=
18 24

18𝐸𝑇 = 288
𝐸𝑇 = 16
Example 3: In ∆𝐸𝐺𝑇, 𝑅𝐴 ∥ 𝐺𝑇, 𝐸𝐺 = 12, Find EA Find GT
𝐸𝑅 𝐸𝐴 𝐸𝑅 𝑅𝐴
𝐸𝑅 = 4, 𝑅𝐴 = 6, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸𝑇 = 24 = =
𝐸𝐺 𝐸𝑇 𝐸𝐺 𝐺𝑇
4 𝐸𝐴 4 6
= =
12 24 12 𝐺𝑇
4(24) 12(6)
12
= 𝐸𝐴 𝐺𝑇 = 4
96
= 𝐸𝐴 𝐺𝑇 = 18
12
𝐸𝐴 = 8

WEEK 1: RATIO AND PROPORTION AND SIMILAR TRIANGLES

𝑥 5
A. Use the proportion 𝑦 = 8 to complete the proportion below. Apply the properties of proportion.
𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
1. 𝑥
= _____________ 3. = ________________
𝑦
𝑥 𝑥−𝑦
2. 5
= _____________ 4. 𝑦
= ________________
B. Solve for x.
1. 3: 5 = 6: 𝑥
2. 16: 8 = 𝑥: 4
3. 4: 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 : 16
4. 16: 𝑥 = 𝑥: 4

C. Give what is asked.

1. ∆𝐺𝑋𝐵 ≅ ∆𝑁𝑋𝑄 Find for the following:
∠𝐺 ≅ ∠𝑄 A. 𝑚∠𝑋
∠𝑄 = 65°; ∠𝐵 = 78° B. Find NB.
C. Find GQ.

WEEK 2
3|M A TH 9
LESSON 1.3 – THE TRIANGLE SIMILARITY THEOREM

Note: the symbol ~ 𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑒 ≅ 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒.

1. AA SIMILARITY THEOREM – if two triangles are congruent to two angles of another triangle, then the triangles are
similar.
Example 1: If the two triangles are similar, write a similarity statement between each pair of triangles.
a. a. No Similarity
𝑚∠𝐵 = 180° − (49° + 90°) = 41°
𝑚∠𝐸 = 180° − (51° + 90°) = 39°

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚∠𝐵 = 41° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚∠𝐸 = 39°, 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒
≅ (𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡), 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠, ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐷 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠 90°.

b. b. ∆𝐺𝐻𝐼~∆𝐿𝐽𝐾
𝑚∠𝐻 = 180° − (105° + 32°) = 180° − 137° = 43°
𝑚∠𝐿 = 180° − (43° + 105°) = 180° − 148° = 105°

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚∠𝐻 ≅ 𝑚∠𝐽 (43°) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚∠𝐿 ≅ ∠𝐼 (105°),

𝑏𝑦 𝐴𝐴 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟.

2. SAS SIMILARITY THEOREM – If an angle of one triangle is congruent to an angle of another triangle and the sides
including those angles are proportional, then the triangles are similar.

Example 2: Can the given information be used to prove that the given triangles are similar? If so how?
a. a. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶~∆𝐷𝐹𝐸
∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐹, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠.
𝐴𝐵 12 3
= =
𝐷𝐹 8 2
𝐵𝐶 24 3
= =
𝐹𝐸 16 2
Since the ratios are the same and ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐹 which are included
angles, then the two triangles are similar by SAS
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐹
𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠, 𝑏𝑦 𝑆𝐴𝑆 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚,
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟.

3. SSS SIMILARITY THEOREM – If the three sides of two triangles are proportional then the two triangles are similar.
Example 2: Find x and y. 𝑂𝑆 𝑅𝑂 𝑅𝑆 9 15 𝑥
𝐸𝐷
= 𝐷𝐼 = 𝐸𝐼 12
= 𝑦 = 16

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥: 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑦:

9 𝑥 9 15
= =
12 16 12 𝑦
LCD: 48 LCD: 12y
9 𝑥 9 15
(48) = (48) (12𝑦) = 𝑦 (12𝑦)
12 16 12
36 = 3𝑥 9𝑦 = 180
36 3𝑥 9𝑦 180
3
= 3 9
= 9
12 = 𝑥 𝑦 = 20

The corresponding sides are proportional.

9 15 12 3 3 3
= = 4
=4=4
12 20 16

𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 ∆𝑅𝑂𝑆~∆𝐼𝐷𝑆 𝑏𝑦 𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚

LESSON 1.4 - RIGHT TRIANGLE SIMILARITY

 THEOREM: SIMILARITY ON A RIGHT TRIANGLE
If an altitude is drawn to the hypotenuse of a right triangle, then the new triangles formed
are similar to the given triangle and to each other.
If ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶~∆𝐷𝐴𝐶~∆𝐷𝐵𝐴 𝑖𝑛 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐴.
Note: ⊥ (𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟: 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒)

4|M A TH 9
Example: The developer of Pines View Subdivision would like to put a bicycle path from the
corner of Manga and Bayabas streets to Lanzones street. What is the shortest path if Manga
̅̅̅̅ is 18m and 𝐴𝐷
and Bayabas streets are perpendicular? How long is the path if 𝐵𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ is 32m?
̅̅̅̅
Solution: The shortest path from point C to 𝐴𝐵 is the line segment from C perpendicular to
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵. This is the altitude ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 from vertex C to the hypotenuse (longest side) ̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝐵.
Moreover, 𝐶𝐷̅̅̅̅ is a common side of similar triangles BDC and CDA. By similarity of a right
triangle, ∆𝐵𝐷𝐶~∆𝐶𝐷𝐴.
𝐵𝐷 𝐶𝐷 18 𝐶𝐷
𝑆𝑜, 𝐶𝐷 = 𝐴𝐷 𝐶𝐷
= 32 𝐿𝐶𝐷: 32𝐶𝐷
18 𝐶𝐷
(32𝐶𝐷) = (32𝐶𝐷)
𝐶𝐷 32
576 = 𝐶𝐷2
√576 = √𝐶𝐷2
24 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 = 𝐶𝐷

THEOREM:
Given a Right Triangle and the altitude to the hypotenuse.
 ALTITUDE RULE – The altitude is the
geometric mean between the segments into
which it divides the hypotenuse.
𝑥 ℎ
=
ℎ 𝑦

 LEG RULE – Each of the leg of the right triangle

is the geometric mean between the
hypotenuse and its projection on the
hypotenuse.

Example: Find the missing lengths.

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥: 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑦 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑏 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ℎ
𝑥 𝑎 𝑦 𝑏 𝑥 ℎ
𝑎
=𝑐 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 24 𝑏
=𝑐 ℎ
=𝑦
𝑥 12 18 𝑏 6 ℎ
12
= 24 6 + 𝑦 = 24 𝑏
= 24 ℎ
= 18
𝐿𝐶𝐷: 24 𝑦 = 24 − 6 𝐿𝐶𝐷: 24𝑏 𝐿𝐶𝐷: 18ℎ
𝑥 12 18 𝑏 6 ℎ
12
(24) = 24 (24) 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟖 𝑏
(24𝑏) = (24𝑏)
24 ℎ
(18ℎ ) = (18ℎ)
18
2𝑥 = 12 432 = 𝑏2 108 = ℎ 2
2𝑥 12
2
=
2
√432 = √𝑏2 √108 = √ℎ 2
𝒙=𝟔 √144 • 3 = 𝑏 √36 • 3 = ℎ
𝟏𝟐√𝟑 = 𝒃 𝟔√𝟑 = 𝒉

PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM – used to compute for a missing side length in a right triangle.
In a right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares
of the lengths of its legs.
Formula: 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2

Example 1. Keith and Kevin started bicycling from the corner of Manga and Bayabas streets. At a particular time, Keith
had covered 12 meters and Kevin 5 meters. How far apart were they at that time?
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
𝑐 2 = (5)2 + (12)2
√𝑐 2 = √25 + 144
𝑐 = √169
𝒄 = 𝟏𝟑 𝒎

5|M A TH 9
Example 2. Find the value of x and determine the length of the legs of the right triangle.
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 𝑜𝑟 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 𝑐 2 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑔
2 2 2
(𝑥) + (𝑥 + 2) = (√74) Simplify 𝑥+2 = 5+2 = 7
2 2
𝑥 + 𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 74
2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 74
2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 − 74 = 0 Transpose
2
2𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 70 = 0 Divide the terms by 2
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 35 = 0 Factor
(𝑥 + 7)(𝑥 − 5) = 0
𝑥 = −7, 𝒙 = 𝟓 The height of the triangle is 5 units since a negative value does not represent length.

Formative Assessment 2
WEEK 2: TRIANGLE SIMILARITY THEOREM

A. Identify what Similarity Theorem is illustrated below and write your answers in the blank provided.
1. ___________________________________ 3. __________________________________

2. __________________________________ 4. ___________________________________

B. Identify the Similarity Theorem illustrated and solve for x and y.

C. Illustrate the figure described in the problem below and solve for the unknown.
1. How high up the wall will a 7m ladder touch if the foot of the ladder is placed 2m from the wall?

WEEK 3

LESSON 1.5 - SPECIAL RIGHT TRIANGLES

1. 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐈𝐒𝐎𝐒𝐂𝐄𝐋𝐄𝐒 𝐑𝐈𝐆𝐇𝐓 𝐓𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐋𝐄 (𝟒𝟓° − 𝟒𝟓° − 𝟗𝟎°) – the hypotenuse is √2 times the
length of a leg.

6|M A TH 9
Example 1. Find the length of the hypotenuse of an isosceles triangle with a leg 8√2 cm long.
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 𝑙𝑒𝑔 • √2
Substitute the given values:
= 8√2 • √2 = 8√2 • 2 = 8√4 = 8(2) = 𝟏𝟔
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑠 16 𝑐𝑚.
Example 2.The diagonal of a square is 20 𝑐𝑚. How long is each side? What is the square’s perimeter?
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 20, 𝑙𝑒𝑔 = 𝑥 (𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 𝑙𝑒𝑔 • √2)
20 = 𝑥 • √2
20 = 𝑥√2
20 𝑥√2
= Divide both sides by √2
√2 √2
20
𝑥=
√2
20 √2
𝑥= • Rationalize
√2 √2
20√2 20√2
𝑥= 2 = 2
= 10√2 𝑐𝑚 Each side of the square is 10√2 𝑐𝑚 and its Perimeter is 40√2.
(√2)

2. 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝟑𝟎° − 𝟔𝟎° − 𝟗𝟎° 𝐓𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐋𝐄 𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐎𝐑𝐄𝐌 – the length of the

hypotenuse is twice as long as the shorter leg, and the length of the longer leg
is √3 times as long as the shorter leg.
Example 1. Find 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒚:
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 2
𝑦 = 2(8) = 16
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒙:
𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑔 = 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 √3
𝑥 = 8(√3) = 8√3 𝑜𝑟 13.86

Example 2. A guy wire for a tree makes a 30° angle with the ground. If the distance between the stick and the base of the
tree is 10𝑚:
a. How tall is the tree? b. How long is the guy wire?
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: ℎ − ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑒, 𝑔 − 𝑔𝑢𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 2
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑔 = 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 √3 10√3
𝑔 = 2( )
10 = ℎ(√3) 3
ℎ√3 = 10 20√3
=
ℎ√3 10 3
= = 11.5 𝑚
√3 √3
10 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑢𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 11.5 𝑚
ℎ=
√3
10 √3
ℎ= •
√3 √3
10√3
ℎ= 2
(√3)
10√3
ℎ= 3
= 5.8 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 5.8 𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙.

LESSON 2: PROPERTIES OF QUADRILATERALS

LESSON 2.1 - QUADRILATERALS
QUADRILATERAL is a four sided polygon. The sum of measures of angles is 360. A
diagonal of a quadrilateral is a line segment whose endpoints are two nonadjacent
vertices of the quadrilateral.
Quadrilateral ABCD is a rectangle. Its diagonals AC and BD intersect at E.
CLASSIFICATION OF QUADRILATERALS
Quadrilateral Definition Picture
Parallelogram A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel
lines.

7|M A TH 9
 Rhombus A quadrilateral with four congruent sides.

Rectangle A quadrilateral with four right angles.

Square A quadrilateral with four congruent

angles and four congruent sides.

Trapezium A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of

parallel sides.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 3
TOPIC: Special Right Triangles
Find the missing lengths indicated by the variables.
1. 2. 3.

WEEK 4
LESSON 2.2 - PROPERTIES OF A PARALLELOGRAM
The properties of a parallelogram can also be proven deductively.
1. Each diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent triangles.
Given: Parallelogram MATH with diagonal 𝑀𝑇̅̅̅̅̅.
Prove: HTM  AMT

Proof:
Statements Reasons
̅̅̅̅̅
1. Parallelogram MATH with diagonal 𝑀𝑇 1. Given
̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
2. 𝑀𝐻 // 𝑇𝐴 2. A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which both pairs of
opposite sides are parallel.
3. HMT  ATM (A) 3. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then any pair of
alternate interior angles are congruent.
𝑀𝑇  ̅̅̅̅̅
4. ̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑀𝑇 (S) 4. Reflexive Property of Congruence

̅̅̅̅ // 𝑀𝐴
5. 𝐻𝑇 ̅̅̅̅̅ 5. A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which both pairs of
opposite sides are parallel.(Same as reason # 2)
6. HTM  AMT (A) 6. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then any pair of
alternate interior angles are congruent. ( Same as reason #3)
7. HTM  AMT 7. ASA Congruence

2. The opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent.

Given: Parallelogram MATH
Prove: H   A

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. Parallelogram MATH 1. Given
2. Draw MT 2. Two points determine a line.

8|M A TH 9
 3. MHT  TAM 3. Each diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent
triangles. (First property)
4. H  A 4. Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent.
(CPCTC)
If you want to prove that M   T, draw diagonal HA. Then follow the above steps.
3. The non-opposite angles of a parallelogram are supplementary.
Given: Parallelogram MATH
Prove: H and  M are supplementary.

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. Parallelogram MATH 1. Given
2. HT // MA 2. A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which both pairs of
opposite sides are parallel
3. H and  M are supplementary 3. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the interior
angles on the same side of the transversal are
supplementary.
4. The opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.
Given: Parallelogram MATH
𝐻𝑇  ̅̅̅̅̅
Prove: ̅̅̅̅ 𝑀𝐴
̅̅̅̅̅  𝑇𝐴
𝐻𝑀 ̅̅̅̅
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. Parallelogram MATH 1. Given
2. Draw diagonal 𝑀𝑇 ̅̅̅̅̅ 2. Two points determine a line
3. MHT  TAM 3. Each diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent
triangles.
4. 𝐻𝑇  𝑀𝐴
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅ 4. Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent.
𝐻𝑀  𝑇𝐴
̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅

5. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

Given: Parallelogram LOVE.
Prove: EO and LV bisect each other.

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. Parallelogram LOVE with diagonals ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑂 1. Given
and ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑉
̅̅̅̅  𝑉𝑂
2. 𝐿𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ (S) 2. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
3. 𝐿𝐸 // 𝑉𝑂 3. A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which both pairs of
opposite sides are parallel.
4. 1  2 (A) 4. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the alternate
interior angles are congruent.
5. 3  4 (A) 5. Vertical angles are congruent.
6. LEA  VOA 6. SAA Congruence
7. 𝐸𝐴  ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝑂𝐴 7. Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent.
𝐿𝐴  ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝑉𝐴
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐿𝑉
8. 𝐸𝑂 ̅̅̅̅ bisect each other 8. The bisector of a segment is a point, line, segment, or plane
that divides the segment into two segments (Definition of
bisector of a segment).

Example 1. The figure below is a parallelogram. If mO = 2𝑥 + Example 2. Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram. If mA = 60,
10 and mE= 𝑥 + 30, what is mO? what is mB?
Solution: Solution:
Step 1. Opposite angles of a Step 1. Non-opposite angles of a
parallelogram are congruent. parallelogram are supplementary.
O  E A and B are supplementary
mO = mE Congruent angles have equal measures. mA + mB = 180
Step 2. Substitute 2x +10 for mO and x +30 for mE. Then Step 2. Substitute 60 for mA and solve for mB
solve for x. 60 + mB = 180
2x + 10 = x + 30 mB = 180 – 60
2x – x = 30 – 10 mB = 120
x = 20

9|M A TH 9
Step 3. Substitute 20 for x in mO = 2x + 10 to solve for mO.
mO = 2(20) + 10
mO = 40 + 10
mO = 50
Example 3. JACK is a parallelogram. If mK = 110, what is Example 4. ABCD is a parallelogram. If m A = 𝑥 + 15 and
mA? mC= 40, what is 𝑥?
Solution: Solution:
Step 1. Opposite angles of a Step 1. Opposite angles of a
parallelogram are congruent. parallelogram are congruent.
A  K A  C
mA = mK Congruent angles have equal measures. mA = mC Congruent angles have equal measures.
Step 2. Replace mK with 110 Step 2. Replace mA with x + 15 and mC with 40 and solve for
mA = 110 x.
x + 15 = 40
x = 40 – 15
x = 25
Example 5. CDEF is a parallelogram with diagonals 𝐶𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ and 𝐷𝐹
̅̅̅̅ Example 6. Given parallelogram ABCD, mA = 2x and mC =
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
intersecting at G. If 𝐹𝐺 = 3x –7 and 𝐷𝐺 = x +21, find 𝐹𝐺 . 4x – 80. What is mB?
Solution: Solution:
Step 1. Draw the figure. Step 1. Opposite angles of a
parallelogram are congruent.
A  C
mA = mC Congruent angles
Step 2. The diagonals of a have equal measures.
parallelogram bisect each other. Step 2. Substitute 2x for mA and 4x – 80 for mC. Then solve
̅̅̅̅ = 𝐷𝐺
𝐹𝐺 ̅̅̅̅ for x. 2x = 4x – 80
̅̅̅̅ and x + 21 for 𝐷𝐺
Step 3. Substitute 3x – 7 for 𝐹𝐺 ̅̅̅̅ in the equation 2x – 4x = – 80
̅̅̅̅ = 𝐷𝐺
𝐹𝐺 ̅̅̅̅ . –2x = – 80
3x – 7 = x + 21 x = 40
3x –x = 21 + 7 Step 3. Substitute 40 for x
2x = 28 mA = 2x
x = 14 mA =2(40) = 80
Step 4. Substitute 14 for x in the equation FG = 3x – 7. (See given Step 4. Non-opposite angles of a parallelogram are
data) supplementary.
FG = 3x – 7 A and B are supplementary
=3(14) – 7 mA + mB = 180
=42 – 7 Step 5. Substitute 80 for mA and solve for mB.
= 35 80 + mB = 180
mB = 180 – 80
mB = 100
Example 7. Quadrilateral ETNA is a parallelogram. If mE = x – Example 8. Quadrilateral GEOM is a parallelogram. If MO =
60 and mA = 2x, what is mE? 2𝑥 + 3 and GE = 4𝑥 − 15. What is ̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑀𝑂?
Solution: Step 1. Non-opposite angles Solution:
of a parallelogram are supplementary. Step 1. Opposite sides of a
E and A are supplementary parallelogram are congruent.
mE + mA = 180 𝑀𝑂  ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅ 𝐺𝐸
Step 2. Substitute x – 60 for mE, and 2x for mA. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑂 = ̅̅̅̅ 𝐺𝐸 Congruent segments have equal lengths.
x –60 + 2x = 180 Step 2. Substitute 2x + 3 for MO and 4x – 15 for GE. Solve for 𝑥.
x + 2x = 180 + 60 2x + 3 = 4x – 15
3x = 240 2x – 4x = –15 – 3
x = 80 –2x = –18
Step 3. Substitute 80 for x in mE = x – 60. Then solve for mE. x=9
mE = x – 60 Step 3. Substitute 9 for x in 𝑀𝑂 ̅̅̅̅̅ = 2𝑥 + 3
mE = 80 – 60 ̅̅̅̅̅ = 2(9) + 3
𝑀𝑂
mE = 20 = 18 +3
= 21
Example 9. CDEF is a parallelogram. If ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐷 = 12 cm, what is the Example 10. Quadrilateral EFGH is a parallelogram. If EH = 14
length of ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐺 ? cm long, how long is side FG?
Solution: The diagonals of a Solution: Step 1. Opposite sides of
parallelogram bisect each a parallelogram are congruent.
other. ̅̅̅̅  𝐸𝐻
𝐹𝐺 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ bisects 𝐹𝐷
𝐶𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ = 𝐸𝐻
𝐹𝐺 ̅̅̅̅ (Congruent
1 segments have equal lengths)
̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ = 𝐹𝐷
Therefore: 𝐹𝐺
2 Step 2. Substitute 14 for EH in the equation FG = EH
1
=2 (12) FG = 14
=6 cm Therefore FG is 14 cm long.

10 | M A T H 9
 FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 4
Topic: Properties of a Parallelogram

Use the figure on the right for Use the figure on the right for
items 1-5. items 6-10.
Quadrilateral ABCD is a Quadrilateral ABCD is a
parallelogram. parallelogram.
1. If ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 = 10 cm, then ̅̅̅̅ 𝐶𝐵 = __________ 6. If mA is 70, what is mD? __________
̅̅̅̅ = 26 cm, then 𝐴𝐸
2. If 𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ = __________ 7. If mB = 70+y and mD = 110, what is y? _________
3. If ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸 = 12, then ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐵 = _________ 8. If mA = x + 32, and mC = 70, what is x? _________
̅̅̅̅ = x + 6 and 𝐶𝐷
4. If 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ = 12, what is x? ___________ 9. If mC + mA = 140, what is mD+ mB? ________
5. If 𝐷𝐴 = 2𝑥 + 4 and ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝐶𝐵 = 12, what is x? __________ 10. If mB = 2x – 30 and mD = x + 40, what is mB? __

WEEK 5
LESSON 3: SPECIAL TYPES OF PARALLELOGRAMS
Rectangles, rhombuses and squares are special types of parallelograms. Aside from the properties inherent to
parallelograms, they possess the properties that are uniquely their own.
A. RECTANGLE - A rectangle is a parallelogram with four Example 2. Given rectangle RUTS
right angles. ̅̅̅̅ and 𝑅𝑇
with diagonals 𝑈𝑆 ̅̅̅̅ if 𝑈𝑆
̅̅̅̅ =
PROPERTIES OF RECTANGLES 𝑥+2 𝑥
̅̅̅̅ = . Find 𝑅𝑇
and 𝑅𝑇 ̅̅̅̅.
3 2
1. All properties of parallelograms. Solution: In the properties it stated
2. It has four right angles. that the diagonal of a rectangle are congruent. Since RT
3. Its diagonals are congruent. and US are diagonals then we can conclude that US = RT.
Example 1. Given rectangle RENT, 𝑥+2 𝑥
a. Find ET if RS = 13 m =
3 2
𝑥+2 𝑥
b. Find 𝑚∠ 𝑇𝑅𝑁 𝑖𝑓 𝑚∠ 𝑅𝑁𝑇 = 24° 6( 3 ) = 6 ( 2 ) The LCD is 6.
Solution: a. Since the diagonals of a 2 (x + 2 ) = 3x
rectangle bisect each other, RN = 2RS. 2x + 4 = 3x
Since RS = 13m then RN = 2 (13), thus RN 4 = 3x – 2x
= 26 m. 4=x
b. Since RENT is a rectangle, ∠𝑇 is a right Since x = 2 we can solve for 𝑅𝑇
̅̅̅̅ by substituting the value of
angle. So, ∆ 𝑅𝑁𝑇 is a right triangle. The acute angles x in the equation.
∠ 𝑇𝑅𝑁 and ∠ 𝑅𝑁𝑇 are complementary. ̅̅̅̅ = 𝑥
𝑅𝑇
Thus, 𝑚∠𝑇𝑅𝑁 = 90° − 𝑚∠ 𝑅𝑁𝑇 2
4
= 90° − 24° = 66 ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑇 = =2
2
B. RHOMBUS - is a parallelogram with four congruent C. SQUARE – is a parallelogram with four congruent sides
sides. and four right angles. This means that a square is a
PROPERTIES OF RHOMBUS parallelogram, a rectangle, and a rhombus. Thus, it
1. Properties inherited from the parallelogram. inherits the properties of a parallelogram, rectangle, and
2. It has four equal sides. rhombus.
3. Its diagonals are perpendicular. PROPERTIES OF SQUARE
4. Each diagonal bisects the angles of the rhombus. 1. All properties of a parallelogram.
Example 1: Given rhombus ROAD. If 2. All properties of a rectangle.
m∠ 𝑅𝑂𝐴 = 108°, find: 3. All properties of a rhombus.
a. 𝑚∠𝑅𝑂𝐵 b. 𝑚∠𝑂𝑅𝐵 c. 𝑚∠𝑂𝑅𝐷
Solution: In the properties it states that The Venn diagram below shows the relationship
each diagonal bisects the angle of among the special parallelograms.
the rhombus.
̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐷 bisects ∠ 𝑅𝑂𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠ 𝑅𝐷𝐴
a. So 𝑚∠𝑅𝐴𝑂 = 2( 𝑚∠ 𝑅𝑂𝐵)
108° = 2 𝑚∠ 𝑅𝑂𝐵
54° = 𝑚∠ 𝑅𝑂𝐵
In right ∆ROB, acute angles ∠𝑅𝑂𝐵 and angle ∠𝑂𝑅𝐵 are
complementary.
b. 𝑚∠𝑂𝑅𝐵 = 90° − 𝑚∠ 𝑅𝑂𝐵 = 36°
c. 𝑚∠ 𝑂𝑅𝐵 = 2(𝑚∠𝑂𝑅𝐵)
𝑚∠ 𝑂𝑅𝐵 = 2(36° ) = 72°

11 | M A T H 9
LESSON 3.1 – QUADRILATERALS THAT ARE PARALLELOGRAMS
You have learned in the previous lesson that the properties of parallelograms can be used to find measures of
sides and angles.
A. CONVERSE OF THE PROPERTIES OF PARALLELOGRAMS B. BICONDITIONAL STATEMENT
In the previous lesson, one of the properties of a Notice that the definition of a parallelogram can be stated
parallelogram states that if a quadrilateral is a as follows:
parallelogram then the opposite side is parallel.
Converse of the statement: If the opposite side of a 1. As a property of parallelogram:
quadrilateral is parallel then it is a parallelogram. If a quadrilateral is a parallelogram then both pairs of
Example: Conditional statement: If quadrilateral BLUE is a opposite sides are parallel.
parallelogram then ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐿 ∥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑈𝐸.
Converse: If 𝐵𝐿 ̅̅̅̅ ∥ 𝑈𝐸
̅̅̅̅ then quadrilateral BLUE is a 2. As the converse of the property of a parallelogram:
parallelogram. If in a quadrilateral, both pairs of opposite sides are
A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if it satisfies the parallel, then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
following conditions: These two statements are logically equivalent. Such
1. Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel. statements are called biconditional statements, and they
2. Both pairs of opposite side are congruent. can be expressed as a single statement using the
3. Both pairs of opposite angles are congruent. expression if and only if, which is usually contracted to iff.
4. One pair of opposite sides is parallel and All definitions are biconditional statements. For example,
congruent. a parallelogram is a rhombus iff all of its sides are
5. The diagonals bisect each other. congruent.

LESSON 3.2 – TRAPEZOIDS

Another type of quadrilateral worth considering is the trapezoid. Like parallelograms, trapezoids have properties too. If
triangles have mid-segments, trapezoids have medians. Similarly, relationships among angles of isosceles triangles are
also seen in isosceles trapezoids.
Lesson 6.5.1 PARTS OF A TRAPEZOID
A trapezoid is a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides. The parallel sides
are called bases. A trapezoid has two pairs of base angles. The nonparallel sides are
called the legs. *Images are downloaded from google.com.

Example 1. Quadrilateral CARE is a trapezoid where ̅̅̅̅ 𝐸𝐶 ∥

̅̅̅̅. Which sides are the bases? Which sides are its legs? Is ̅̅
𝑅𝐴 𝑆𝑇̅̅ a median of the trapezoid?
Since ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐶 ∥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝐴, the bases are ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐶 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝐴. The nonparallel sides ̅̅̅̅𝐶𝐴 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑅 are the trapezoid’s
legs. The given measures of the sides indicate that ̅̅̅̅ is a median of the trapezoid.
𝑆𝑇
THEOREM
The median of a trapezoid is parallel to the bases and has a length equal to half the sum of the lengths of the bases.
Example 2. Determine the measures indicated by variables 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐.
Solution: Find 𝑏.
̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑆 is the trapezoid’s median. So, ̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑆 ∥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐷. With ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑊𝑂 as the transversal, ∠𝑊𝑀𝑆 and
∠𝑀𝑂𝐷 are corresponding angles. Thus, 𝑏 = m∠𝑊𝑀𝑆 = m∠𝑀𝑂𝐷 = 71°.
̅̅̅, m∠𝑀𝑆𝐷 is a supplement of ∠𝑆𝐷𝑂.
Find 𝑐. With transversal 𝐼𝐷
Therefore, 𝑐 = m∠𝑀𝑆𝐷 = 180° − 80° = 100°.
42+50 92
Find 𝑎. The length of the median ̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑆 is 𝑎 = 2 = 2 = 46 𝑐𝑚.
Lesson 6.5.2 THE ISOSCELES TRAPEZOID
PROPERTIES OF ISOSCELES TRAPEZOID CONDITIONS FOR A TRAPEZOID TO BE ISOSCELES
1. Each pair of base angles are congruent. 1. If a pair of base angles of a trapezoid are congruent,
2. Diagonals are congruent. then the trapezoid is isosceles.
2. If the diagonals of a trapezoid are congruent, then the
*The converses of the above statements are also true. trapezoid is isosceles.

To prove the first property of an isosceles trapezoid, let us Proof

rewrite the statement into the following.
Given: Isosceles trapezoid 𝑆𝐻𝐴𝑅 with bases 𝐻𝐴 ̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑅
Prove: ∠𝐻 ≅ ∠𝐻𝐴𝑅 and ∠𝑆 ≅ ∠𝑅
Statements Reasons
1. Isosceles trapezoid SHAR with bases ̅̅̅̅𝐻𝐴 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑅 1. Given
̅̅̅̅ ∥ ̅̅̅̅
2. 𝐻𝐴 𝑆𝑅 2. Definition of bases in a trapezoid.

12 | M A T H 9
 ̅̅̅̅ ∥ ̅̅̅̅
3. Through point 𝐸, draw 𝐴𝐸 𝐻𝑆 3. Through a point not on the given line, there is
exactly one line parallel to the given line.
4. 𝑆𝐻𝐴𝐸 is a parallelogram. 4. If both pairs of opposite sides are parallel, then the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
5. 𝐻𝑆 = 𝐴𝐸 5. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.
6. 𝐻𝑆 = 𝐴𝑅 6. Definition of an isosceles trapezoid.
7. 𝐴𝐸 = 𝐴𝑅 7. Substitution (5,6)
8. ∆𝐴𝐸𝑅 is an isosceles triangle. 8. Definition of an isosceles triangle.
9. ∠𝐴𝐸𝑅 ≅ ∠𝑅 9. In an isosceles triangle, base angles are congruent
(7, 8).
10. ∠𝑆 ≅ ∠𝐴𝐸𝑅 10. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, a pair
of corresponding angles are ≅ (3).
11. ∠𝑆 ≅ ∠𝑅 11. Substitution (9, 10)
12. ∠𝐻 is supplement of ∠𝑆. 12. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, same
∠𝐻𝐴𝑅 is supplement of ∠𝑅. side interior angles are supplementary (2).
13. ∠𝐻 ≅ ∠𝐻𝐴𝑅 13. Supplement of congruent angles are congruent
(11, 12).

Example 3. If the perimeter of the figure is equal to 34 𝑐𝑚, find 𝑥 and 𝑦.

Solution: 𝑃 = 2(𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑠) + 𝑏1 + 𝑏2 Solving for 𝑥:
34 = 2(𝑦 + 2) + 𝑦 + 𝑦 + 2 𝑥 = 180° − 84° = 96°
34 = 4𝑦 + 2
34 − 2 = 4𝑦
32 = 4𝑦 Divide both sides by 4.
8=𝑦

LESSON 3.3 – KITES

Kites are quadrilaterals that are neither parallelograms nor trapezoids but have very rich properties. Its diagonals are
worth studying as these have become bases for some major constructions and designs of structures.
Kite – is a quadrilateral with two distinct pairs of consecutive sides that are congruent.
PROPERTIES OF A KITE Example 2. The diagonals of a kite measure 16 cm and 21
1. Diagonals are perpendicular. cm. Find the lengths of the sides.
2. Exactly one pair of opposite angles are congruent. Solution: By Pythagorean Theorem,
3. A diagonal bisect each of the non-congruent angles and 𝐴𝐵 = √(𝐵𝐸)2 + (𝐴𝐸 )2
the other diagonals. = √82 + 62
Example 1. Find 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, and 𝑤. = √100
Perimeter = 56 cm and ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 50°. 𝐴𝐵 = 10 𝑐𝑚
Solution: a) 𝑥 = 90° since diagonals of 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐷, 𝐴𝐷 = 10 𝑐𝑚
a kite are perpendicular. 𝐸𝐶 = 21 𝑐𝑚 − 10 𝑐𝑚
b) 𝑦 = 20 𝑐𝑚 = 15 𝑐𝑚
c) Perimeter = 2z + 2y 𝐵𝐶 = √(𝐸𝐶)2 + (𝐵𝐸 )2
56 = 2𝑧 + 2(20) = √152 + 82
56 = 2𝑧 + 40 = √289
56 – 40 = 2𝑧 𝐵𝐶 = 17 𝑐𝑚
16 = 2𝑧 Divide both sides by 2. 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐷𝐶, 𝐷𝐶 = 17 𝑐𝑚
8 𝑐𝑚 = 𝑧
50°
d) 𝑤 = 2 = 25°

Example 3. Find the measures of all the angles of kite ABCD.

Solution: 𝑚∠𝐶 = 𝑚∠𝐴
𝑚∠𝐴 = 89°
Since a kite is quadrilateral, the sum of the measures of the angle is 360°.
𝑚∠𝐷 = 360° − (𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝐵 + 𝑚∠𝐶 )
= 360° − (89° + 141° + 89°)
= 41°

13 | M A T H 9
LESSON 4: APPLICATION OF SIMILAR TRIANGLES AND PARALLELOGRAMS

1. The sun causes a shadow that extends 24 feet from the side of a house that is 16 feet tall. Nearby is a 4
foot tall fence, which also has a shadow. If the sun’s rays hit the house and the fence at the same angle,
what is the length of the shadow cast by the shed?

2. A 10 m tower casts a shadow of 12.5. Daniel casts a shadow that is 2.5 m. How tall is Daniel?

3. Kim and her dad are planting a rectangular garden. The area of the garden is 1080 𝑓𝑡 2, and the width is
24 ft. What is the length of the garden?

4. What is the height of the parallelogram with an area of 66 𝑖𝑛2 and a base of 11 in?

Formative assessment 5
A. Solve the unknown sides and angles of the following figures.
D B

E
O S
Find 1.DB if OS = 80
2.DS if BO = 10

2. U

M A R

L
Find:
AFFFDSDDSDAA
1. m <MUA if m<MUR = 1200
2.. m<MLR if if m<MLA = 900
3.O V

S
L E
Find:
a. OE if SE=15
b. LE if OV =7

14 | M A T H 9