Center Lathe

Lathe
● Most versatile and widely used machine tool
● Known as mother of all machine tools
● Main function is to remove metal from a job and give it a required shape and size
● Job is held in the chuck and turned against a single point cutting tool to remove metal from
the job in form of chips.
● It works on the principle of rotating workpiece and fixed cutting tool.
● The cutting tool is feed into the workpiece which rotates about its own axis causing the
workpiece to form the desired shape.
Lathe Machine Accessories

● Mainly divided into two categories:

1. Work holding device
2. Cutting tool Holding device

1. Work holding device

● Used to hold and rotate the workpieces along with the spindle.
● Different devices used depending on the shape,length, diameter and weight of the
workpiece
A. Chucks: Mainly used are Three Jaw chuck and Four Jaw Chuck
Three jaw are known as universal chuck and mainly used for cylindrical workpiece while
Four Jaw Chuck can be used for square workpieces.
B. Mandrels: Device used for holding a hollow
workpiece.

C. Carriage : It clamps around the workpiece. It allows

the rotary motion of the machines spindle to transmit.

2. Cutting Tool Holding Device

Tool Post: Hold the cutting tool

Different operations on Lathe machine
Turning
● To reduce diameter along length of diameter.
● To remove material from outside diameter of workpiece to
obtain required shape
● Using a cross-slide, the cutting tool is adjusted for the
desired depth of cut.
● As the workpiece revolves the tool is fed against work-piece
in a direction parallel to the axis of the spindle
Turning can be of different types:
● Taper Turning
● Straight Turning
● Profiling
● External grooving, etc.
Machining Parameters

● Spindle Speed: The speed at which the workpiece rotates

● Cutting Velocity: The speed at which metal is removing from the workpiece with the help
of tool.
FORMULA
Cutting Speed= πdn /1000
● Feed: The rate at which the cutting tool crosses the workpiece in the direction
perpendicular to the workpiece axis.
● Depth of Cut: It is the perpendicular distance measured from the machined surface to the
uncut surface of the working piece.
Metal Removal Rate (MRR)

The material removal rate is defined as the amount of material removed from the
workpiece per unit time. The material removal rate can be calculated from the
volume of material removal or from the weight difference before and after
machining.

It can be obtained by calculating the change in volume per unit time in

cu.mm/min.