UNDERSTANDING CULTURE,

SOCIETY, AND POLITICS

Objectives: 1

3
 Anthropology is the systematic study of humanity, with the
goal of understanding our evolutionary origins, our
distinctiveness as a species, and the great diversity in our
forms of social existence across the world and through time.
• Social Anthropology – studies the pattern of behavior
• Cultural Anthropology – studies cultural meaning, including norms and values
• Sociocultural Anthropology – study the society and culture and its cultural
diversity
• Linguistic Anthropology – studies how language influences social life
• Biological / Physical Anthropology – studies the biological development of
humans
• Archaeological Anthropology – studies human activity through investigation of
physical evidence – “Anthropology of the past”

• Cultural Relativism – is the idea that a person’s belief and practices should be
understood based on that person’s own culture.
Franz Boas Ruth Benedict

Alfred Kroeber Margaret Mead

Lewis Henry Morgan Bronislow Malinowski

Franz Boas
 Franz Boas

Father of American Anthropology

Franz Boas
 Franz Boas

Guess who?
He was the first to apply the scientific method to
anthropology, emphasizing a research- first method
of generating theories.

#Hi #Its #Me #SupportMe #Humble

Franz Boas Ruth Benedict

Alfred Kroeber Margaret Mead

Lewis Henry Morgan Bronislow Malinowski

Alfred Kroeber
 Alfred Kroeber

American Cultural Anthropologist

Alfred Kroeber updated his status.
 Alfred Kroeber

I am concerned with culture as a universal human characteristic. A

complete understanding of culture must contain explanations not
only of specific cultures but also of cultural elements and
patternings that transcend specific cultures.

And I, thank you!

#PhDhere
Franz Boas Ruth Benedict

Alfred Kroeber Margaret Mead

Lewis Henry Morgan Bronislow Malinowski

Lewis Henry Morgan
 Lewis Henry Morgan

American Anthropologist
Lewis Henry Morgan updated his status.
 Lewis Henry Morgan

I was best known for my work on kinship and social

structure, and my theories of social evolution.

So, don’t me!

#Savagery #Barbarism #Civilization

• Morgan proposed the theory t of social evolution, that human
societies develop over time and follow three stages of evolution:
savagery, barbarism, and civilization.
• Savagery is the earliest stage of development, characterized by
hunting and gathering wild plants.
• Barbarism is the stage during which agricultural practices,
livestock raising, and metalworking develop.
• Civilization is the final stage in Morgan's typography,
characterized by the development of writing, which allowed
societies to record their histories.
Franz Boas Ruth Benedict

Alfred Kroeber Margaret Mead

Lewis Henry Morgan Bronislow Malinowski

Ruth Benedict
 Ruth Benedict

American Anthropologist
Ruth Benedict updated his status.
 Ruth Benedict

I was a specialist in anthropology and folklore and

authored one of the three famous books utilized in the
academic scene for reference purposes known as Patterns
of Culture.

#PersonalityWritLarge
Her unique contribution to the study of anthropology was the theory
that culture is “personality writ large.” Benedict's strong belief in
the applied study of cultural relativism—the theory that a culture or
group of people can be studied only against the backdrop of itself—
was the motivating force in Patterns of Culture.

personality writ large - It is a sort of group personality that forms

an overall cultural orientation within which there a considerable
variation. Anything shared by human beings. Cultural configurations-
the Idea that cultures possess internal coherence and consistency.
Franz Boas Ruth Benedict

Alfred Kroeber Margaret Mead

Lewis Henry Morgan Bronislow Malinowski

Margaret Mead
 Margaret Mead

American Cultural Anthropologist

Margaret Mead updated his status.
 Margaret Mead

I was best known for my studies of the peoples of Oceania. I also

commented on a wide array of societal issues, such as women's rights,
nuclear proliferation, race relations, environmental pollution, and world
hunger.

#WomenEmpowerment
Franz Boas Ruth Benedict

Alfred Kroeber Margaret Mead

Lewis Henry Morgan Bronislow Malinowski

Bronislow Malinowski
 Bronislow Malinowski

British Anthropologist
Bronisow Malinowski updated his status.
 Bronislow Malinowski

Guess who?
He is considered the father of ethnographic methodology by most
field-working anthropologists because of his ideas on participant
observation. He was able to present a dynamic picture of social
institutions that clearly distinguished ideal norms from actual behavior.

#AkoNa’To #TrobiandIslanders
Franz Boas Ruth Benedict

Alfred Kroeber Margaret Mead

Lewis Henry Morgan Bronislow Malinowski

Ruth Benedict
 Political science is the body of knowledge relating to the
study of the state and government. It primarily focuses on the
“power” that plays a crucial part in the struggle in which the
individuals and their groups may be found involved according
to their capability and degree of interest at all levels-local,
regional, national, and international.
iamsenmiriam

Miriam Defensor Santiago

flor_camp
Florencio Campomanes

Osej_04Abo.ni.eva
Jose Abueva
 iamsenmiriam

iamsenmiriam

I am a Filipino academic, lawyer,

judge, author, and statesman, who
served in all three branches of the
Philippine government: judicial,
executive, and legislative. Defensor
Santiago was named one of The 100
Most Powerful Women in the World
in 1997 by The Australian.
 flor_camp

Florencio Campomanes
-POLITICAL SCIENTIST-
 flor_camp

flor_camp

I was born in Manila and earned his B.A. in

political science from the University of the
Philippines in 1948. I became involved in
FIDE as a national delegate, and worked
his way into prominence in Asian chess
organization. I helped organize the World
Chess Championship match held in 1978
at Baguio, Philippines.
Osej_04Abo.ni.eva

Jose Abueva
Filipino Political Scientist and Public Ad Scholar
 Osej_04Abo.ni.eva

Osej_04Abo.ni.eva

I'm a Filipino political scientist and public

administration scholar who served as the 16th
president of the University of the Philippines. I
was elected by President Gloria Macapagal-
Arroyo as chairman of the consultative
constitutional commission in the Philippines.
I’m a strong supporter of federalism and
parliamentary government for the Philippines.
Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and the
social causes and consequences of human behavior.
Sociologists investigate the structure of groups,
organizations, and societies, and how people interact within
these contexts.
Sociologists

C. Wright Mills
@left&Wright

Auguste Comte
@AugustNa

Karl Marx
@Karl_Marxism
 C. Wright Mills
@left&Wright

C. Wright Mills and

was concerned
with identifying distinguish Sociological
American questions, ing them Imagination
sociologist themes, and from more and the
ideas that
pertained to all
individualis Power Elite
of society tic issues.
 Auguste Comte

Auguste Comte
@AugustNa

Auguste He believed
Comte
Comte that all
believed religious,
was one of societies
sociology
the founders develop and metaphysi
of sociology
could unite
progress cal, and
and coined all sciences
through the scientific.
the term and improve
following
sociology. society.
stages:
 Karl Marx

Karl Marx
@Karl_Marxism

Marx's which stated

In this theory,
theories that capitalist and the
society relies
societies
formed a on class poor as
were built on
sociological conflicts
conflict in subjects to
perspective order to keep the
between the
called the wealthy in government.
workers and
conflict theory, power
the rulers.
Thank you!