Name: Chin Marie M.

Manayon Date: October 26, 2021

Subject/Section: FPE101-Vv5

Lesson 5: JIHAD AND PEACE

Levels and Manifestations
1. Greater/Inner/Personal Jihad
 fighting Satan and evil in the self
 improving character
 discipline of sense
 Inviting others to do good
 Da’wah Tabligh Movement
 Patience, Perseverance
 Forgiving Muslims and non-Muslims
 Fighting Natsuhawa(material)
 Purifying soul, spirit, and body
 Disciplined
 Reflecting what is good, doing what is good and desirable
 Conscious and faithful offering of obligatory and supererogatory acts of worship and
devotion

2. Lesser/Physical Jihad/ Armed Struggle

 Fighting oppression and injustice
 Expressing Muslim needs and aspirations, unrest in different forms
 Opposing corrupt leaders

Jihad as Instrument of Peace

 The aim of Jihad is to have a peaceful Muslim community that follows Shari’ah and laws
of the country for Islam was never a religion of terror but a religion of justice and peace.
 What Islam prohibits should be corrected by Jihad.
Jihad and Worldly life
 The form Jihad against the self refers to striving for the purification of the soul
through self-control.
 Self-restraint is achieved through understanding Islam, acting in accordance with the
knowledge he learns, teaching such knowledge to others and to be patient with the
difficulties of teaching Islam.
  Jihad against the Devil/Satan is resisting satanic wicked desires that only lead to
worldliness.
Jihad of hearts and emotions
 Jihad is a task which is to be fulfilled by means of heart, tongue, money or hand. Every
Muslim must strive in the Cause of Allah through any of these means.
 It means a Muslim must make an effort to forbid a wrongdoing by his hand, then his
tongue if he is not able to resist it by hands, and finally, with his heart if the other means
are difficult or impossible.

Lesson 6: CHRIST’S CONCEPT OF PEACE AND APPROACHES WITH OTHERS

 Rejection of Violence in (Matthew 26:51-52) all who take the sword die by the
sword is a warning that one will suffer from the consequences of his actions. As
creation of a Holy and Peace-loving God, we are not to fight against each other for
we do not wrestle against flesh and blood but against the principalities, against
powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this age, against spiritual hosts of
wickedness in the heavenly places (Eph.6:12) Violence is the evil’s way of robbing
peace in the world by making people fight against each other and we shall not allow
ourselves to take part in all his wicked schemes whether it be conscious or not.
 Forgiveness- (Matthew 6:14) For if you forgive other people when they sin against
you, your Heavenly Father will also forgive you.
 Institute Justice – is interconnected with peace for it also means righteousness.
 Use of transforming initiatives- Christians are called to actively engage in
peacemaking. Jesus told His disciples to respond to violence by taking surprising
initiatives such that: “When a person strikes you in the fright cheek, turn and offer
him the other… and should anyone make you a mile go with him two miles”
(Matthew 5: 39)
 Love and Reconciliation rather than retaliation – Jesus’ second most important
commandment is love of neighbor. He mandated His followers to love one another
for by doing so it will be known that they are His disciples(John 13:34). He extended
this command to include loving their enemies (Matthew 5: 43-44 and Romans 12:17-
19)
Lesson 7: CONCEPT OF PEACE AND OTHER PEACE-RELATED CONCEPTS IN
OTHER MAJOR RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD
Confucianism
 The goal is a harmonious, well-ordered and progressive world in which man and society
are well-developed and adjusted which depends foremost on the concept of jen which
means the general virtue or the foundation of all other virtues.
  Government of superior men (chun-tzu) is able to lead harmonious relationships among
all men thus contributing order in society and stabilizing harmony of the cosmos.
 The doctrine of “mean” (chung-yung) denotes moderation as a guide to all human action
and implicitly refers to the ideals of centrality and harmony.
 The “good society” rests on ethical humanism.

Taoism

 Balance, unity and harmony: Doctrine of Yin and Yang

 Weakness/ Effortless Action and Humility as Virtues

Buddhism

 Teaches extinction of desire to attain nirvana (emptiness) and escape the endless cycle of
life and suffering (samsara)
 Three Marks of Existence: Impermanence, Unsatisfactoriness, Impermanent Soul
 Four Noble Truths: Suffering, Arising of Sorrow, Stopping of Sorrow, Eightfold Path
 Eightfold Path: Right Views, Right Resolve, Right Speech, Right Conduct, Right
Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration

Hinduism and Jainism

 Dharma in Hinduism is ethical and appropriate lifestyle which refers to the individual’s
social and religious duties and obligations as well as the proper manner in which society
and the universe at large should function. One who follows his dharma is in harmony
with the cosmos and attains bliss.
 Karma refers to the belief that all actions have inevitable and inescapable consequences.
 In Jainism, the Jains believed that the fourteen steps to liberation are attained by means of
the three jewels of knowledge, faith and pure conduct.
Lesson 8: SIMILARITIES IN THE CONCEPT OF PEACE IN ISLAM, CHRISTIANITY,
AND OTHER SPIRITUAL BELIEFS
Islam
 According to Islam, peace should imply justice and security for all people.
 Islam imbues peace in the individual’s conscience, then his family, then the community
and finally in the international relations.
 Islam requires that there be peace between the individual and his creator, between the
individual and his conscience, and between him and his community.
 Islam can be established in the inter-relationship of groups, in the relation between
individuals and their governments, and finally between one state and another.
 Islam extends from the peace of conscience to peace in the home, to peace I society and
ends in world peace.
Christianity
 At Bethlehem, announcing the Savior’s birth: “…glory to God in the highest heaven, and
on earth peace among those whom He favors!” (Luke 2:14)
 Proclaiming the Beatitudes as the Constitution of the Kingdom of God: “Blessed are the
peacemakers, for they will be called children of God.” (Matthew 5:9)
 Towards the end of His life, during the Last Supper: “Peace I leave with you, my peace I
give to you.” (John 14:27)
 As a Resurrection greeting: Peace be with you. As the Father has sent Me, so I send you”.
(John 20:21)
 St. Paul’s summary description of the Kingdom: “for the Kingdom of God is not food and
drink but righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit.” (Romans 14:17)
IP’s
 Reverence for nature, cultural and spiritual practices- spiritual connection with their land.
 The IP’s believe that land is God’s gift.
 Community-based restorative justice indicates that a member of the community has
committed an offense and it will most likely take a community response to repair the
damage done.
 Forgiveness and Reconciliation: “If you break something, you repair it. If you make
someone sick, you must heal him/her. Merely asking for forgiveness is not enough.”
 A lumad forgives easily and does not sentence unless he knows the cause.
Lesson 9: THE COMMON UNIVERSAL VALUES AMONG OTHER SPIRITUAL
TRADITIONS
 Love is the compassionate and affectionate action towards others and oneself.
 Compassion is acting with deep empathy and kindness toward those who are
marginalized or excluded.
 Openness/ Tolerance is embracing the processes of growth and change as well as the
willingness to approach, receive and respect other people’s ideas, beliefs, experiences.
 Harmony is the unity between people which leads to peace and meaningful relationships
with one another.
 Gratitude is expressing a thankful appreciation in acknowledgement of what one has
received and the readiness to return kindness.
 Interdependence is putting value on cooperative processes and the principle of working
together toward the pursuit of common goals.
 Empathy is the ability to internalize or see the perspective of another person and to feel
what that person feels. Simply put, being empathetic is putting oneself in someone’s
shoes.
 Caring and Sharing is one’s kindness or love towards another individual and the
willingness to give his/her resources to those who are in need.
 Spirituality is the individual’s adherence and faithfulness to his/her beliefs, traditions,
customs, religion or religious matters.