Direction: Answer the following questions.

Properties of Water:
1. Describe the following properties of water and explain how each is important to living things: cohesion,
adhesion, polarity, heat of vaporization, freezing point.

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2. How is polarity related to cohesion and adhesion?

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3. Compared to most other substances, a great deal of heat is needed to raise the temperature of water by
a given amount. This is because water

A. is an acid
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B. readily forms solutions

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C. has a high heat capacity

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D. acts as a buffer
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4. Frozen water is less dense than liquid water. Explain why this is important for aquatic organisms.

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Macromolecules:
1. How is the structure of carbon related to its function in macromolecules? Think about the types of
shapes carbon can form and why.

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2. Describe the processes of hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis. How are they related to each other?

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3. List and draw the monomer and polymer units of each macromolecule along with their function in
living things: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids.

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4. List and draw the types of lipids, along with the subunits and uses of each.

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5. Why are carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids considered polymers, while lipids are not?

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6. How is the structure of each of the four macromolecules related to its function in living things?

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Nucleic acid - ________________________________________________________________________

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7. How does the structure of a protein make it capable of such a large range of function?

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 Enzymes:
1. What occurs during a chemical reaction?

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2. What is the difference between a product and a reactant?

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3. Energy is used differently in different types of chemical reactions. Explain how energy use differs in
energy-releasing and energy-absorbing reactions. Which type often requires a catalyst?

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How is energy related to the products and reactants of a chemical reaction?

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4. What is the role of an enzyme in living organisms?

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5. In what way do enzymes increase the rate of reactions? How do enzymes accomplish this task?
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6. Describe the cycle in which enzymes and substrate interact.

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7. How/Why is the structure of an enzyme so important to its function in living things? Why does the
structure of an enzyme determine the type of reaction it will catalyze?

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8. What happens to enzyme function when the temperature or pH conditions change? Why?

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9. The energy needed to get a reaction started is the:

A. adhesion energy
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B. cohesion energy

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C. activation energy

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D. chemical energy

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Direction: Circle the letter of the correct choice.
1. All of the following are correct about water EXCEPT

A. water is a molecule
B. there is little attraction between water molecules
C. the covalent bonds between oxygen and hydrogen are polar or unbalanced
D. the reason that water and lipids do not mix is because water is a polar molecule while lipids are
nonpolar
E. water has a relatively high heat of vaporization because of strong intermolecular attractions

2. Which is NOT a characteristic of water?

A. Water has high specific heat.

B. Water has a high heat of vaporization.
C. Water exhibits strong cohesion tension.
D. Water is less dense than ice.
E. Water is known as a universal solvent.

3. Which of the following is not a carbohydrate?

A. Glucose
B. Lactose
C. Insulin
D. Starch
E. Sucrose

4. Which of the following is correctly matched?

A. Proteins – nucleotides
B. Lipids – glycerol
C. Carbohydrates – amino acids
D. DNA – glucose
E. None of the above is correctly matched.

5. Enzymes function because of their particular shape or conformation. Which level of protein
structure is most directly responsible for the shape of a protein?

A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quarternary
E. Cannot be determined
6. Which of the following is not a polysaccharide?

A. Cellulose
B. Glycogen
C. Chitin
D. Glycerol
E. Starch

7. A polysaccharide found in plants whose function is storage is

A. starch
B. glycogen
C. chitin
D. glucagon
E. cellulose

Direction: Enumeration and Identification.

8 to 10. Enumerate the three types of fluid

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1. This law states that heat is the end form of all energy transformations.

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12 to 15. Four kinds of Physical State of matter

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16. A body at rest tends to remain so, and one in motion tends to continue in motion.

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17. Movement of molecules from places higher to lower concentration.

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18 to 20. Three kinds of atom

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21. Cohesion of molecules at the surface of a body of water produces an elastic skin like effect.

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22. The total quantity of energy remains unchanged, or the total energy of any object and its
surroundings remains constant.

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23 to 25. Energy may be manifested in several ways:

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