Small Dipole

Length of small dipole

Due to small length R = r the phase error kl/2 = (2π/λ)x(λ/10)x1/2= π/10 = 180 which can be negligible
For phase terms

Magnitude
As the wire is very thin x’ = y’=0
In far field all higher order terms becomes less significant as r>>

= z’2/2r when Ѳ = π/2 and second term =0

If R = r-z’cos Ѳ a phase error of kz’2/2r occurs whose value is π/8= 22.50 for r = 2l2/λ

Therefore
For phase terms
Magnitude
Radiating Near field If r < 2l2/λ phase error is > 22.5 to maintain it below 22.5 third term to be retained
Finite Length Dipole

Finite dipole is subdivided into number of infinitesimal dipoles of length dz’

Fields due to infinitesimal dipole of length dz’ in the far field are
Magnitude

For phase terms

Radiation Intensity
Directivity
Half wave Dipole l = λ/2
L = 1.25 λ
 In Ф = 0 plane for different values of Ѳ
Radiation pattern of Half Wave dipole
• References
• C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design (3rd eds.), John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ,
2005.