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NGỌC LINH NHƯ NGỌC
THANH MAI THẠCH LÂM
1
 ARTICULATION
PROCESS

January 5th, 2023 2

CONTENTS
01 The speech organs
& The place of
articulation

Classification of
02 English phonemes:
Vowels & Consonants
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01. The speech organs
& The place of articulation

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1- Lips
2- Tongue
3- Alveolar ridge
4- Teeth
5- Hard palate
6- Velum
7- Glottis
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THE PLACE OF ARTICULATION

1.Bilabial
2.Labio-dental
3.Dental
4.Alveolar
5.Palatal
6.Velar
7.Glottal 6
02. Classification of English phonemes:
Vowels & Consonants

2.1. VOWELS
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 Pure vowel/monophthongs

VOWEL

Diphthongs

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 PRINCIPLES OF VOWEL CLASSIFICATION
The raised part of The height of the raised
The lip shape
the tongue part of the tongue
Front vowels: /i:/; /ɪ/; /e/; Close vowels: /i:/; /ɪ/; /uː/; /ʊ/ Rounded: /ʊ/; /uː/; /ɔː/;
/æ/ Ex: ship /ʃɪp/, lip /lɪp/ /ɒ/
Ex: tea /tiː/, ship /ʃɪp/ Ex: should /ʃʊd/, blue
/bluː/
Central vowels: /ɜː/; /ə/; Mid-close vowels: /e/; /ɜː/; /ə/; Neutral: /ɜː/; /ə/; /ʌ/;
/ʌ/ /ɔː/ /ɑː/
Ex: work /wɜːk/, ago Ex: verb /vɜːb/, net /net/ Ex: first /fɜːst/
/əˈɡəʊ/
Back vowels: /ʊ/; /ɒ/; /uː/; Open vowels: /æ/; /ɑː/; /ʌ/; /ɒ/ Unrounded: /i:/; /ɪ/;
/ɔː/; /ɑː/ Ex: cat /kæt/, start /stɑːt/ /e/; /ae/ 9
Ex: good /ɡʊd/, box /bɒks/ Ex: need /niːd/, fish /fɪʃ/
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02. Classification of English phonemes:
Vowels & Consonants

2.2. CONSONANTS
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CONSONANT

The place of
articulation

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 The place of articulation
1. Labials:
- Bilabials: /p/; /b/; /w/; /m/
Ex: park /pɑːk/, money /ˈmʌni/
- Labio-dental: /f/; /v/
Ex: feeling /ˈfiːlɪŋ/, over /ˈəʊvə(r)/
2. Dentals: /θ/; /ð/
Ex: thick /θɪk/, these /ðiːz/
3. Alveolars: /t/; /d/; /n/; /l/; /s/; /z/
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Ex: light /laɪt/, said /sed/
 The place of articulation
4. Palato-alveolars: /tʃ/; /dʒ/; /ʃ/; /r/
Ex: check /tʃek/, major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/
5. Palatal: /j/
Ex: young /jʌŋ/, yes /jes/
6. Velars: /k/; /g/; /ŋ/
Ex: key /kiː/, again /əˈɡen/, long /lɒŋ/
7. Glottals: /h/
Ex: hand /hænd/, happy /ˈhæpi/ 14
 The manner of articulation
1. Plosives: /p/; /b/; /t/; /d/; /k/; /g/
Ex: pipe /paɪp/, bird /bɜːd/
2. Fricatives: /f/; /v/; /s/; /z/; /h/; /ʃ/; /θ/; /ð/; /ʒ/
Ex: sitter /ˈsɪtə(r)/, think /θɪŋk/
/ʒ/ in medial and final position
Ex: asia /ˈeɪʒə/, pleasure /ˈpleʒə(r)/
/h/ in initial and medial position
Ex: ahead /əˈhed/, horizon /həˈraɪzn/ 15
 The manner of articulation
3. Affricates: /tʃ/ or /dʒ/
Ex: watch /wɒtʃ/, hedge /hedʒ/
4. Nasals: /m/; /n/; /ŋ/
Ex: sting /stɪŋ/, minor /ˈmaɪnə(r)/
5. Lateral approximant: /l/
Ex: lime /laɪm/, luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊəriəs/
6. Approximants:
- Rolled: /r/ Ex: root /ruːt/, reckon /ˈrekən/
- Semi-vowel : /w/; /j/
Ex: widen /ˈwaɪdn/, yogurt /ˈjɒɡət/
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 Voicing
1. Voiced: /b/ /m/ /w/ /v/ /d/ /n/ /l/ /z/ /r/ /g/ /j/ /ð/
/ʒ/ /dʒ/ /ŋ/
Ex: boy /bɔɪ/, water /ˈwɔːtə(r)/, zoo /zuː/
2. Unvoiced: /p/ /f/ /t/ /s/ /k/ /h/ /θ/ /ʃ/
Ex: copy /ˈkɒpi/, few /fjuː/, think /θɪŋk/
Syllabic consonants
/l/ /m/ /n/ /r/ /ŋ/ Ex: garden, even,… 17
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
VOWELS AND CONSONANTS
VOWELS CONSONANTS
Produced with Produced with a narrow
NO obstruction or complete closure
in the vocal tract in the vocal tract
MORE sonorous LESS sonorous
Voiced Either voiced or voiceless
Syllabic Generally not syllabic 18
 REFERENCES
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vLvX5U3kgw&feature=
youtu.be
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7jQ8FELbIo
• https://www.studywithandrea.com/learn-english/english-
lesson-manner-of-articulation-and-place-of-articulation/
• https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/
• https://www.pawnerspaper.com/2022/05/organs-of-speech-
meaning-parts-of.html?m=1
• https://www.mimicmethod.com/ft101/place-of-articulation/ 19
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