‫

 ا ‪ /‬ا
اا و اون‪ /‬ا د ‪٢٠٠٨ -١‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﻤل ﺍﻝﺤﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺨﻼل ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺘﺭﻭﻤﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫‪A THEORETICAL STUDY OF LAMINAR FREE CONVECTION‬‬
‫‪THROUGH POROUS TROMBE WALL WITH PASSIVE SOLAR‬‬
‫‪ENERGY‬‬
‫*‬
‫ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻀﺭ ﻝﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺨﺼﻭﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺼل ﺍﻝﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﻭﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺘﺭﻭﻤﺏ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺠﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﻤﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺎﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﻠﻭﺀﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺠﺭ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻓﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﻔل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺭﺩ ﻭﻓﺘﺤـﺎﺕ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﻝﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺴﺎﺨﻨﹰﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﻤﻊ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺤﺎﺴﺒﻲ ﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﻝﺤل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻀﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻭﺭﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻤﻊ ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺠـﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤـﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﻴﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴﺘﻲ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺎﻨﻪ ﺍﻓﻀل ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺯﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻤﺜﻠﺕ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺠـﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺩﺍﺭﺴﻲ ﻝﻠﺠﺭﻴﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﻋﺩﺩ ﻨﺴﻠﺕ ﻤﻊ ﻁـﻭل ﺨـﻁ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴـﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻝـﺫﻱ ﻴﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻨﺴﻠﺕ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻨﻤﻭ ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﺘﺎﺨﻤﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Abstract‬‬

‫‪Solar energy has become an important source nowadays for reducing energy‬‬
‫‪especially in winter ,and trombe wall is considered one of the most important‬‬
‫‪applications of solar energy in heating . In this study porous wall container is selected ,‬‬
‫‪full of gravel with gaps below the wall to allow inter cold air to enter and upper gaps of‬‬
‫‪the wall to exit hot air .‬‬
‫‪A mathematical model has been formulated with computer program to simulate‬‬
‫‪this model using the central finite differences to solve the partial differential equations‬‬
‫‪and the results are compared with concrete wall and show that porous wall with gaps‬‬
‫‪has solar heat fraction larger than concrete wall , therefore it is the better in heat storing‬‬
‫‪, this leads to reduce the added auxiliary energy . The non-dimensional temperature and‬‬
‫‪velocity represents together with wall width for time limited with respect to Darcy‬‬
‫‪model for flowing , and Nusselt number acts along with flow line showing the decrease‬‬
‫‪in Nusselt number as a result of the growth in thermal boundary layer .‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺩ ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺘﺭﻭﻤﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺴﻤﻴﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺃﺨـﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﻴﻜل ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﻐﻁﺎﺓ ﺒﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻁﺒﻘﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﺠﺎﺝ ‪ .‬ﺃﺠﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ]‪ [١‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺘﺭﻭﻤـﺏ‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪ ،٢٠٠٤/٧/١٢:‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ‪٢٠٠٥/١١/١٧ :‬‬
‫*‬
‫ﻤﺩﺭﺱ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ‪ /‬ﺍﻝﺤﻭﻴﺠﺔ‪/‬ﻜﺭﻜﻭﻙ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٤٠‬‬
 ‫
 ا ‪ /‬ا
اا و اون‪ /‬ا د ‪٢٠٠٨ -١‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺒﺤﺎﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺤﻤل ﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺭﺍﻴﻠﻲ ﻭﺤﺴﺏ ﺴﻤﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺘﻭﺼل ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﺯﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺨﺯﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ ‪ [٢] M.T.Al-Kamil‬ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺨﺎﻥ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺸﻤـﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺭ ﻜﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺨﺯﻥ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺘﻴﻥ ﺘﻔﺎﻀﻠﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻝﻠﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺌل ﺜﻡ ﺩﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺘﻴﻥ ﺒﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻭﺤﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺩﻴﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻨﻭﻗﺸﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻤﻜﻲ ﺯﻴﺩﺍﻥ ]‪ [٣‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﻜﺭﻴﺕ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﺨﺸﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻼﻤﺱ ﻝﺒﻴﺕ ﺯﺠﺎﺠﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻏﻁﺎﺀﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﺴﺘﻙ ﻭﻓﺭﺸﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭ ﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻝﺨﺯﻨﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﻠﻴل ‪ ،‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺤل ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴـﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘـﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﺤﺎﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻱ ﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴﻼﺕ ﻭﻤﻤﻠﻭﺀﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺠﺭ ﻭﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻓﺘﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﻔل ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪. (١‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺘﺭﻭﻤﺏ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺘﻪ ﺒﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺔ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺩﺒﻨﺔ ﻜﺭﻜﻭﻙ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﻤﻊ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺤﺎﺴﺒﻲ ﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻭﺨﻼل ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﺸﻬﺭ ﻓـﻲ ﻓـﺼل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺘﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺎﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻱ ﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴﻼﺕ ﺒﺴﻤﻙ )‪ ( L‬ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ )‪ (H‬ﻭﻋﺭﺽ )‪ (W‬ﻤﻤﻠﻭﺀﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺠﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺒﻔﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺌﻊ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻝﺩﺓ ﺒﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﺯﻭﺠﺔ ﻤﻬﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻁﻭﺡ ﻋ‪‬ـﺩ‪‬ﺕ ﺃﺠـﺴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺭﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺎﻓﺫ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ)‪.(ISOTROPIC‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﺒﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﺩ ﻜل ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺤﺠﻡ ﻤﺴﻴﻁﺭ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ OPQ-١‬ا‪LMN‬ج ‪ :‬آ!    )‪  (٢‬ن ‪:‬‬
‫‪∂T‬‬
‫‪(Qin)g-(Qconv)g-o-(Qrad)g-sky-(Qconv)g-A-(Qrad)g-1+(Qref)1-g= ρ g c g ∆g‬‬ ‫‪……….‬‬ ‫)‪(1a‬‬
‫‪∂t‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪o4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫) ‪σ (T go − T1o‬‬
‫‪α g . I − h (T g − T o ) − σε g (T g − T sky ) + h (T g − T A ) +‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫= ‪+ (τ g ρ w ) I‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪−1‬‬
‫‪εg‬‬ ‫‪εw‬‬
‫‪ρ gC g∆ g‬‬
‫) ‪(Tg 1 − Tg o‬‬ ‫)‪(1aa‬‬
‫‪∆t‬‬
‫>‪ MA‬ا=‪ JKL‬و‪ GHEA9‬ا=‪EF‬ا>‪ BC9 D‬ا=!‪ A‬د=? > =< ا‪) 9:‬ا=‪EF‬ا>‪EQR D‬ذة  ‪MC‬ر]‪:([١‬‬
‫‪Tg1=Tgo+A1.I-B1(Tg-To)-C1(Tg-Tsky)+D1(Tg-TA)+E1(Tg-T1)+F1.I‬‬ ‫………‬ ‫)‪(1b‬‬

‫‪ OPQ .٢‬ا
ار ا‪LS‬ر‪ : M‬آ!  )‪  (٢‬ن ‪:‬‬
‫‪∆x ∂T‬‬
‫[‬
‫‪(Qin)g-(Qconv)1-A-(Qrad)1-g-(Qcond)1-2= φ ( ρCp ) f + (1 − φ )( ρC ) s‬‬
‫‪2 ∂t‬‬
‫‪……….‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫)‪(2a‬‬
‫>‪ MA‬ا=‪ JKL‬و‪ GHEA9‬ا=‪EF‬ا>‪ BC9 D‬ا=!‪ A‬د=? > =< ا[‪: 9‬‬

‫‪١٤١‬‬
 ‫
 ا ‪ /‬ا
اا و اون‪ /‬ا د ‪٢٠٠٨ -١‬‬

‫‪T11=(1-3.9τ)T10+0.073τT20+1.84τTA+0.01τI‬‬ ‫‪……….‬‬ ‫)‪(2b‬‬

‫‪ OPQ .٣‬ا
ار ا ا‪ :  U‬آ!  ا=<)‪  (٢‬ن ‪:‬‬
‫‪∆x ∂T‬‬
‫[‬
‫‪(Qcond)N-1-N - (Qconv)N-R - (Qrad)N-R = φ ( ρCp ) f + (1 − φ )( ρC ) s‬‬
‫‪2 ∂t‬‬
‫‪…….‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫)‪(3a‬‬

‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﻭﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺍﺒﺕ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪TN =(1-2.49τ )TN +2τTN-1+120τ +160‬‬ ‫‪………………..‬‬ ‫)‪(3b‬‬
‫‪(1-3.9τ)>=0‬‬ ‫ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤل ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻻﻥ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﻝـ‪ τ‬ﻝﻴﺱ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ]‪، [٤‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a∆t‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫≤‪τ‬‬ ‫⇔‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫≤‬ ‫=‪  d=e‬ن ‪:‬‬
‫‪3 .9‬‬ ‫)‪(∆x‬‬ ‫‪3 .9‬‬
‫‪⇒ ∆t ≤ 213 sec‬‬ ‫‪E‬ن‬
‫‪∆t=200sec‬‬ ‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ ﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻷﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﻡ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺩﺍﺭﺴﻲ ﻫﻲ ‪[٥]:‬‬
‫‪K ∂P‬‬
‫‪u=−‬‬ ‫‪………………..‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬
‫‪µ ∂x‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ‪ K‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺭ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﺤﺴﻭﺒﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ ]‪ ، [١‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻬﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪∂T‬‬ ‫‪∂T‬‬ ‫‪∂ 2T‬‬
‫‪σP‬‬ ‫‪+u‬‬ ‫‪= αP 2‬‬ ‫‪…………………….‬‬ ‫)‪(5‬‬
‫‪∂t‬‬ ‫‪∂x‬‬ ‫‪∂y‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻔﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪T − Tav‬‬ ‫‪T + TN‬‬ ‫‪α .t‬‬
‫= ‪θ‬‬ ‫‪, Tav = 1‬‬ ‫‪, Y=y/b , X=x/L , λ = P 2 , U=u.b2/L.αP‬‬
‫‪T1 − TN‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪σ PL‬‬

‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ‪ λ‬ﺩﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻴﺔ ﻭ ‪ θ‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ)‪ (٤‬ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪b2‬‬ ‫‪∂P‬‬
‫‪U = −K.‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪………………..‬‬ ‫)‪(6‬‬
‫‪ρυα P L ∂X‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ )‪ (٥‬ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪∂θ‬‬ ‫‪∂θ‬‬ ‫‪∂ 2θ‬‬
‫‪+U‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪……………….‬‬ ‫)‪(7‬‬
‫‪∂λ‬‬ ‫‪∂X ∂Y 2‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ )‪(2b‬ﻭ)‪ (3b‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪θ11 = (1 − 3.9τ )θ10 + 2τθ 20 + 0.01τ .I‬‬ ‫……………………‬ ‫)‪(8‬‬
‫‪θ N1 = (1 − 2.49τ )θ N0 + 2τθ N0 −1 + 120τ + 160‬‬ ‫…………………‬ ‫)‪(9‬‬

‫‪١٤٢‬‬
 ‫
 ا ‪ /‬ا
اا و اون‪ /‬ا د ‪٢٠٠٨ -١‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺤل ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻭ ﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤل ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩﻱ ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﻡ ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ ‪[4]:‬‬
‫‪Ui=K.G‬‬ ‫‪………………………….‬‬ ‫)‪(10‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪θ i1, j − θ io, j‬‬ ‫‪θ i +1, j − θ i −1, j θ i , j +1 − 2θ i , j + θ i , j −1‬‬
‫‪+U j‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪……………..‬‬ ‫)‪(11‬‬
‫‪∆λ‬‬ ‫‪2∆X‬‬ ‫‪∆Y 2‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪λ=0 , θ=-1 ,U=0 ,at any Y,X=0‬‬
‫‪λ =0 , θ =1 ,U=0 ,at any Y,X=1‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪λ >0‬‬
‫‪θ= θο ,U=0 ,at Y=0 ,any X‬‬
‫‪θ= θΝ ,U=0 ,at Y=0 ,any X‬‬
‫‪∂θ‬‬
‫‪= 0 ,U=0 ,at X=0 ,any Y‬‬
‫‪∂X‬‬
‫‪∂θ‬‬
‫‪= 0 ,U=0 ,at X=0 ,any Y‬‬
‫‪∂X‬‬
‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻨﺴﻠﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻨﺴﻠﺕ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺼﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻤل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﻭﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Qnet‬‬
‫= ‪Nu‬‬ ‫‪………………….‬‬ ‫)‪(12a‬‬
‫‪Qcond‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ ]‪[١‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪∂T‬‬
‫‪H‬‬
‫= ‪Nu‬‬ ‫∫‬
‫‪keH∆T / L 0‬‬
‫‪− ke( ) x = 0 dx‬‬
‫‪∂x‬‬
‫…………………………‬ ‫)‪(12b‬‬

‫‪∆Y‬‬
‫= ‪Nu‬‬
‫‪6∆XA‬‬
‫) ‪∑ (−11θ 0, J + 18θ1, J − 9θ 2, J + 2θ 3, J‬‬ ‫……………………………‬ ‫)‪(12c‬‬

‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻴﺽ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫‪Q=Qc+QR‬‬ ‫‪(J) ………………….‬‬ ‫)‪(13‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺯﻭﻨﺔ ﻝﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪QSR=τg I- σε (T1 -Tg ) - ha(T1-Tg) - Q‬‬ ‫‪(J) …………….‬‬ ‫)‪(14‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﺸﻬﺭﻴﺎ )‪ (QT‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﻫﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1 n‬‬
‫= ‪QT‬‬ ‫‪∑ Q.∆t‬‬
‫‪n t =0‬‬
‫)‪(J‬‬ ‫…………………‬ ‫)‪(15‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺼﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺴﺎﺭﺓ )‪:(Net Loss Coeff.)(NLC‬‬

‫‪BSC=24*3600*ΣUiAi‬‬ ‫‪(J) …………………….‬‬ ‫)‪(16‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ‪) Building Skin Conductance (BSC):‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﻴﺔ( ﻴﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻥ‪[٦]:‬‬

‫‪١٤٣‬‬
 ‫
 ا ‪ /‬ا
اا و اون‪ /‬ا د ‪٢٠٠٨ -١‬‬

‫‪NLC=BSC+INF‬‬ ‫…………………… )‪(J‬‬ ‫)‪(17‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪ ( INF=0.5 ) :‬ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻔﻰ ]‪[٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ )‪ (SHF‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺱ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺼـﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤـل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺸﻬﺭﻴﺎ ﻭﻴﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪SHF=Q/Qnet‬‬ ‫‪………………………………………..‬‬ ‫)‪(18‬‬
‫‪ : Qnet‬ﺼﺎﻓﻲ ﺤﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ﻭﻴﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Qnet=NLC*DD‬‬ ‫‪…………………………..‬‬ ‫)‪(19‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ‪ DD‬ﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ ]‪[٦‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ )‪ (Qaux‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﺤﻤل ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻡ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻤل ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﻝﺴﺩ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪Qaux=(1-SHF)NLC(DD‬‬ ‫‪…………………………….‬‬ ‫)‪(20‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﻝﻐﺔ ﺒﻴﺴﻙ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ )‪ (Quick Basic‬ﻝﻤﺭﻭﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﻁﻁﻪ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻝﻜل ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻌﻭﻀﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ) ‪ ( T 1 − T 0 ≤ ε‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ‪ ε=0.0001‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻼﺤﻘﺔ ]‪.[٤‬‬

‫ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل)‪ (٤‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻨﺴﻠﺕ ﻤﻊ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺒﺩﺍ ﺒـ‪ ١٦‬ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻝـﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻝﺤـﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﻠﻴل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺌﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻁﺢ ﻭﻴﻘل ﻋﺩﺩ ﻨﺴﻠﺕ ﺒﻔﻌل ﺍﻝﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻘـﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺨﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺌﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻁﺢ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻕ ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺨﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻝـ‪ Y‬ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻁﻭل ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻋﻨﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻨﺴﻠﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪ 3.5‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻨﺴﻠﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻋﻨـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻌﺔ ﺼﺒﺎﺤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ‪ ١٦‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺼل ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺎﺀﺍ ﻭﻫﻲ ‪ ٢٢‬ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒـﻨﻔﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻗﺹ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪ . Nu=3.5‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪ (٥‬ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺌﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁـﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩ ‪ Y‬ﺃﻱ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﻻﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ ‪ .‬ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺍﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺼﻔﺭ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺒﺘﻌـﺩﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺼل ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ‪ Y=0.5‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ‪ ، 0.5‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘـﺯﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪ X‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ ‪.‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل)‪ (6‬ﻓﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻻﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺩﺍﺭﺴﻲ ﻭﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﺼﺒﺎﺤﺎ ﺇﺫ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺼﻔﺭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺎﺀﺍ ﺇﺫ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻋﺔ ‪ 4m/s‬ﺜﻡ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻗﺹ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ ﻤـﺴﺎﺀﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺼﻔﺭ ‪.‬ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪ (7‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴﺕ ﻓﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ‪ 0.85‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴـﺕ ﺒﻴﻨﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ‪ 0.99‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻗل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪ 0.7‬ﻫﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴﺕ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻗل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪ 0.79‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴﺕ ‪.‬ﺍﻝﺸﻜل )‪ (8‬ﻴﺒـﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺯﻭﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ ‪ 6200 MJ‬ﻭﺍﻗل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻫﻲ ‪ 3000 MJ‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴﺕ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗﻴﻤـﺔ‬
‫‪ 8400 MJ‬ﻭﺍﻗل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻫﻲ ‪ 4200 MJ‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﺨـﺯﻥ ﺍﻝﺤـﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺴـﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴﺕ ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ‪ 2500MJ‬ﻭﺍﻗل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪1000 MJ‬‬

‫‪١٤٤‬‬
 ‫
 ا ‪ /‬ا
اا و اون‪ /‬ا د ‪٢٠٠٨ -١‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴﺕ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ‪ 1600 MJ‬ﻭﺍﻗل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪ 750 MJ‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝـﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴـﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤل ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺯﻭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴﺕ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗـﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝـﻼﺯﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻗل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴﺕ ﻝﺫﺍ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻝﻠﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤـﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺨـﻭﺍﺹ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺍﻓـﻀل ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴﺕ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺘﺭﻭﻤﺏ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻨﺴﻠﺕ ﻤﻥ ‪ ١٦‬ﺇﻝﻰ ‪. ٢٢‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﻝﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﻊ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺼﻔﺭ ﺇﻝـﻰ ‪ 4m/s‬ﻭﺘﻘـل ﻋﻨـﺩ‬
‫ﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ XYZ‬از‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻤﺯ‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪T‬‬ ‫‪m2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪Sec‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫ﻁﻭل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪b‬‬
‫‪m /s‬‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺎﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫‪u‬‬ ‫‪W/kg.C‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪C‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪W/m2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪DD‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻱ‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪m/s‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺠﻴل ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻲ‬ ‫‪g‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻱ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪H‬‬
‫‪m‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪W/m2.k‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻤل‬ ‫‪h‬‬
‫‪m‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪W/m‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻲ‬ ‫‪I‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪φ‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫‪m2/s‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭﻴﺔﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔﻝﻠﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪αp‬‬ ‫‪W/m.k‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫‪ke‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺍﺒﺘﻌﺎﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ‬ ‫‪ε‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪λ‬‬ ‫‪Sec‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻠﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪σp‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﻨﺴﻠﺕ )‪(Nu=hL/k‬‬ ‫‪Nu‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪θ‬‬ ‫‪Pa‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﻐﻁ‬ ‫‪P‬‬
‫‪Kg/m‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫‪ρ‬‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )ﺍﻝﻔﻴﺽ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ(‬ ‫‪Q‬‬

‫‪١٤٥‬‬
‫
 ا ‪ /‬ا
اا و اون‪ /‬ا د ‪٢٠٠٨ -١‬‬

‫‪١٤٦‬‬
 ٢٠٠٨ -١ ‫ ا د‬/‫ ا
اا و اون‬/ ‫
 ا‬

start

Input properties

Define initial condition

Uo(i,j) , θo(i,j)

For I=0 to N

For J=0 to N

Calculate Tg from eq(1b)

Calculate U1 from eq(10)

Calculate θ1 from eq(8,9)

For I=1 to N-1

For J=1 to N-1

Calculate U1, θ1
from eq(10,11)

θN − θold ≤ εp

YES
θo=θ1

PRINT θ,U
NO END

‫( ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬٣)‫ﺸﻜل‬

١٤٧
 ‫
 ا ‪ /‬ا
اا و اون‪ /‬ا د ‪٢٠٠٨ -١‬‬

‫‪25‬‬
‫‪9A.M‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪4P.M‬‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪11A.M‬‬
‫‪Nu‬‬

‫‪1P.M‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪X‬‬
‫ﺸﻜل)‪: (٤‬ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻨﺴﻠﺕ ﻤﻊ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫‪0.4‬‬

‫‪0.35‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻴﺔ‬

‫‪0.3‬‬

‫‪0.25‬‬

‫‪0.2‬‬

‫‪0.15‬‬

‫‪0.1‬‬

‫‪11A.M‬‬ ‫‪4P.M‬‬ ‫‪1P.M‬‬

‫‪0.05‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪0.7‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪0.9‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Y‬‬
‫ﺸﻜل)‪ :(٥‬ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫‪4.5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻴﺔ‬

‫‪3.5‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2.5‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1.5‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0.5‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻥ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3.5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4.5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل)‪ :(٦‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺒﻌﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻥ‬

‫‪١٤٨‬‬
 ‫
 ا ‪ /‬ا
اا و اون‪ /‬ا د ‪٢٠٠٨ -١‬‬

‫‪1.2‬‬
‫‪POROUS‬‬ ‫‪CONCRETE‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0.8‬‬
‫‪SHF‬‬

‫‪0.6‬‬

‫‪0.4‬‬

‫‪0.2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪DEC‬‬ ‫‪JEN‬‬ ‫‪FEB‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل)‪ :(٧‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺼل ﺍﻝﺸﺘﺎﺀ‬

‫‪9000‬‬

‫‪8000‬‬ ‫‪CONCRETE‬‬
‫‪POROUS‬‬
‫‪Qsave‬‬
‫)‪Q ((MJ‬‬

‫‪7000‬‬ ‫‪POROUS‬‬
‫‪CONCRETE‬‬
‫‪6000‬‬

‫‪5000‬‬

‫‪4000‬‬

‫‪3000‬‬

‫‪2000‬‬
‫‪Qaux‬‬
‫‪1000‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪DEC‬‬ ‫‪JEN‬‬ ‫‪FEB‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل)‪ :(٨‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺯﻭﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺼل ﺍﻝﺸﺘﺎﺀ‬

‫‪١٤٩‬‬
 ٢٠٠٨ -١ ‫ ا د‬/‫ ا
اا و اون‬/ ‫
 ا‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
" ‫ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ "ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺯﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﺌﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻝﻠﻁﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‬.١
. ٢٠٠٢ ‫ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺘﻜﺭﻴﺕ‬، ‫ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ‬، ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬
2. AL-Kamil,M.T. “A Packed Bed Solar Collector InThermo-sephon Water Heating
System” Journal of Solar Energy Research ,Vol.7, No.1, pp.17 , 1989 .
3. M.H.Zedan, "Experimental and Theoretical Models of Iraqi Solar Houses". Msc,Thesis,
Mechanical Engineering ,Unversity of Tikrit , 1997 .
4. S.V.Patanker, "Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow" . McGraw Hill , 1980 .
5. A.Bejan, "Convection Heat Transfer". New York , 1984 .

6. R.D..McFarland and J.D.Balcomb “A Simple Empirical Method for Estimating The

Performance of a Passive Solar State Heated Building of The Thermal Storage Wall
Type” Proceedings of The 2nd National Passive Solar State of The Arts , vol.2 , pp.377,
1978 .

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