1. What are the real and pseudo-loops? Is there a dead-end pipe?

If yes, where is it and

how can it be simplified?

 In the given figure, loop 1 is the real loop, while loop 2 is the pseudo loop that
connects the two reservoirs. Also, there is a dead-end pipe, that can be found at pipe
6 node [5]. The dead-end pipe can be simplified by eliminating the part where it is
located and just representing it as the demand at the node/junction [5].

2. What are the values of the flow rates along all pipelines? Indicate the correct directions.

 In the given problem, there are 7 pipes, and that results in 7 unknown flow rates.
There are 5 nodes thus 4 independent continuity equations are formed. The following
are the flow rates obtained using the MS solver, Q 1 =3.3896 m3/s, Q2 =2.2353 m3/s,
Q3 =1.1249 m3/s, Q4 =2.6751 m3/s, Q5 =11.4353 m3/s, Q6 =1.7 m3/s, and Q7 =9.3228
m3/s. The directions of these flow rates are shown below,

3. What are the values of the head at each node?

 The values of the head at each node are the following H1 =12.2554 m, H2 =28.8036
m, H3 =3.8463 m, H4 =41.4628 m, and H5 =17.6502 m which are obtained from a
known head and calculated flow rates, it is then a routine computation to determine
the heads at each junction throughout the network by subtracting the head loss from
the head at the upstream junction, plus accounting for differences in elevations.