ASSIGNMENT # 2

Course: Mechanics of Fluid Course Code: MAE 201

Module -II
Topic: Kinematics of Fluid Motion
1. What is the Eulerian description of fluid motion? How does it differ from the Lagrangian
description?
2. Explain the terms:
a) Path Line b) Streak Line c) Stream Line and Stream Tube
d) Total acceleration e) Convective acceleration f) Local acceleration
3. Distinguish between the followings with one practical example for each:
i) Steady flow and Un-steady flow
ii) Uniform and Non-uniform flow
iii) Compressible and Incompressible flow
iv) Rotational and Irrotational flow
v) Laminar and Turbulent flow
4. Define the Velocity potential function and Stream Function. Show that the equipotential
lines and lines of constant stream function are orthogonal.
5. Define the equation of continuity. Obtain an expression for continuity equation for a
three-dimensional steady incompressible flow.
6. When 2500 litres of water flows per minute through a 0.3 m diameter pipe which later
reduces to a 0.15 diameter pipe, calculate the velocities of flow in the two pipes. (Ans v1 =
0.59 m/s, v2 = 2.37 m/s)
7. A 30 cm diameter pipe, conveying water, branches into two pipes of diameters 20 cm and
15 cm respectively. If the average velocity in the 30 cm diameter pipe is 2.5 m/s, find the
discharge in this pipe. Also determine the velocity in the 30 cm diameter pipe is 2.5 m/s,
find the discharge in this pipe. Also determine the velocity in 15 cm pipe if the average
velocity in 20 cm diameter pipe is 2 m/s. [Ans: Q = 0.1767 m3/s, v = 6.44 m/s]
8. Water flows through a pipe AB 1.2 m diameter at 3 m/s and then passes through a pipe
BC 1.5 m diameter. At C, the pipe branches. Branch CD is 0.8 m in diameter and carries
one-third of the flow in AB. The flow velocity in branch CE is 2.5 m/s. Find the volume
rate of flow in AB, the velocity in BC, the velocity in CD and the diameter of CE.
9. The velocity vector in a fluid flow is given 𝑉 = 4𝑥 3 𝑖 − 10𝑥 2 𝑦𝑗 + 2𝑡𝑘. Find the velocity
and acceleration of a fluid particle at (2, 1, 3) at time t = 1. [Ans: V = 51.26 units, 1568.9
units]
10. Two velocities components are given in the following cases, find the third component
such that they satisfy the continuity equation.
a. 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑧 2 ; 𝑣 = −𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑥𝑦;
b. 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ); 𝑣 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 2 + 𝑧 2 );
−2𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑦
c. 𝑢 = (𝑥 2 +𝑦2 )2 ; 𝑤 = (𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 ) ;

Prepared by: Dr. Anoop Kumar Shukla

MOFA 2.1
 11. The velocity potential function is given by ∅ = 5(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ). Calculate the velocity
components at the point (4, 5).
12. The stream function is given by 𝜓 = 5𝑥 − 6𝑦. Calculate the velocity components and also
magnitude and direction of the resultant velocity at any point.
13. For a two-dimensional flow Φ = 3xy and ψ = 3 (𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 ). Determine the velocity
2
components at the points (1,3) and (3,3). Also find the discharge passing between the
streamlines passing through the points given above.
14. If for a two-dimensional potential flow, the velocity potential is given by 𝜙 = 𝑥(2𝑦 − 1)
determine the velocity at the point P (4, 5). Also determine the value of stream function
(ψ ) at the point P.
15. A general equation for a steady, two-dimensional velocity field that is linear in both
spatial directions (x and y) is
⃗ = (𝑢, 𝑣) = (𝑈 + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦)𝑖⃗ + (𝑉 + 𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦)𝑗⃗
𝑉
where U and V and the coefficients are constants. Their dimensions are assumed to be
appropriately defined. Calculate the x- and y-components of the acceleration field.
16. A fluid flow is given by: 𝑉 = 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑖 − 2𝑦𝑧 2 𝑗 − (𝑧𝑦 2 − 2𝑧 3 ) 𝑘
3
Prove that it is a case of possible steady incompressible fluid flow. Calculate the velocity
and acceleration at the point [1, 2, 3].
17. A Stream function for a 2-D flow is given by ψ = 8xy. Calculate the velocity at a point P
(4, 5). Find also the velocity potential function φ.
18. A nozzle is so shaped that the velocity of flow along the centre line changes linearly from
1.5 m/s to 15 m/s in a diameter of 0.375 m. Determine the magnitude of the convective
acceleration at the beginning and end of this distance.
19. Explain vortex flow. Give the examples of free vortex flow and forced vortex flow.
20. For a three-dimensional flow field described by
𝑉 = (𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )𝑖 + (𝑥 2 + 𝑧 2 )𝑗 + (𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 )𝑘
Find at (1, 2, 3) (a) the components of acceleration, (b) the components of rotataion. (Ans:
ax = 70; ay = 56; az = 66; ωx = -1 rad/s; ωy = 2 rad/s; ωz = -1 rad/s)
21. Prove that the stream function and potential function lead to orthogonality of stream lines
and equipotential flow lines.
22. Determine the stream function in the case of free vortex.
23. Determine the stream function for a forced vortex.
24. Explain how the potential function can be obtained if the stream function for the flow is
specified.
25. Explain how the validity of a given potential function φ is established.
Validate the potential function given as (i) φ = y2 – x2 (ii) φ = xy
26. In a two-dimensional flow, determine a possible x component given v = 2y2 + 2x – 2y.
Assume steady incompressible flow.
27. The velocity components in a two-dimensional flow are 𝑢 = 𝑦 3 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 and 𝑣 =
3
𝑥𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 − 𝑥 3 /3. Show that these components represent a possible case of an irrotational
flow.

Prepared by: Dr. Anoop Kumar Shukla

MOFA 2.2