POKHARA UNIVERSITY

MADAN BHANDARI MEMORIAL ACADEMY NEPAL

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
URLABARI-3, MORANG

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

ASMIR GAJMER (06) ASST.PROFF.UMESH DHIMAL
DIKSHYA SITAULA (07) DEPARTMENT OF
NIRAJ SUBEDI (21) ARCHITECTURE
RANJU SODARI (32)
SURAJ SHRESTHA (44)
DATE: 31ST JANUARY 2023
TABLE OF CONTENT:
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BACKGROUND/ EVOLUTION
3. PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS AND CONTROL
4. FUNCTIONAL FRAME
5. SOCIAL MILIEU
6. CULTURAL SYMBOLISM AND PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS
7. CONCLUSION
8. REFERENCE
1. INTRODUCTION: BUILDING TASKS
Christian Norberg Schultz has describe architecture as
➢Building tasks,
➢ Form
➢ Technique
23rd May 1926- 28th March 2000
Part of the modernist movement
Architect, Author, educator.
Buildings are developed with some purpose no any or very
rare buildings are there without any purpose.
What is the purpose of a building then?
An order or response to environment or
atmosphere>>Plato>> A building should be warm in
winter and cool in summer.
Should be capable enough to create an atmosphere
inspiring life>> one would not commit suicide
Just because of his/her house, if he or she does so, the
architecture is a failure
Building: Homely environment
Homely environment non measurable Architecture deals
not only with measurable aspects
Rather it will deal with both measurable and non-
measurable aspects
Homely atmosphere deals with physical and psychological
comfort
A building is said to be comfortable if it is capable enough
to moderate the climate, should be cool in summer and
warm in winter<<PHYSICAL CONTROL
It has got appropriate functional relationship between
different spaces inside<<FUNCTIONAL FRAME.
It is capable to create a social milieu enabling the exposure
of the building, its owner and the
Use<< SOCIAL MILIEU.
2. BACKGROUND:
Architecture is nothing more
and nothing less than the gift of
making building for human
purpose. It has been evolved
along with the civilization. In terms of time and technology
it is the comprehension of experience. Early civilization
had developed architecture, which are still alive as
evidence. For example
Pyramid of Egypt (3000BC),
Temple of Tigawa, India.
If it symbolizes the culture of the territory on which it
stands << CULTURAL SYMBOLIZATION
3. PHYSICAL CONTROL:
Contribute for desired degree of comfort
Protection or contribute for the reduction of intensity of
climate
Also should have same for
following elements
Light,
Sound,
Smell,
Dust,
Smoke,
Insect, animal,
Person,
Radioactivity
Need all elements in desired intensity

Building elements Function Reason

Doors and windows Switch Possibility for opening
as desired
Wall Filter and Filters temperature
barrier and protects from
light
Corridors and Connector Horizontal vertical
Staircase and filter combination

PHYSICAL COMPFORT- CONTROL

Provision of comfort and degree of comfort
Maintaining a moderate climates
Protect its inhabitants from pollution
Protect from animals and pests
Physical provision
Barriers such as fences
Allowances such as doors and windows
Provision of physical comfort provided the possibility of
psychological comfort when combined
physical and psychological comfort allows for a user’s
general wellbeing
Spatial planning location planning design of building
elements such as walls and
opening and energy planning
and the use of materials.
4. FUNCTIONAL FRAME:
Skeleton of a building provides
rigidity good skeleton is
important for a person so do
the building
Relationship diagram or bubble
diagram
Bubble diagram is relationship
between different rooms and
spaces within a building Walls
and floors create the frame within which different
functional spaces are enclosed, and the relationship we
create are between the activities or functions of these
spaces
TYPES OF RELATION BETWEEN SPACES
Essentials: when spaces are required to interact with each
other, example connection between kitchen and dining
room in a residence
Desired: when it is preferable that two spaces interact
with each other, but not absolutely vital.
Example, direct connection between living room and
kitchen
Tolerable: when a connection between two spaces are
acceptable but not desirable. Example direct connection
between dining room and master bedroom
Intolerable: when it is absolutely unacceptable to have a
particular relation between two spaces.
Example, connection between the puja room and toilet
5. SOCIAL MILIEU:
Sociology:
▪ is the systematic study of social behavior and human
groups
▪ is to see through the outside appearances of people’s
actions and organizations
▪ is to identify underlying, recurring patterns of and
influences on social behavior
▪ identifies the pattern of social behavior and attempts
provide explanation to those Patterns
The word Milieu >> persons surrounding OR SOCIAL
ENVIRONMENT
Humans are social animals so they cannot live without the
presence of society. Experiments are evident that working
efficiency of a person can be added if is working alone but
it does not continue for a long duration this is because a
person cannot work if s/he has no way to share the ideas
and it will be too monotonous.

Important task in architecture to create a surrounding

that responds to this human need
To reflect social status
To have better social environment and represent society
through architecture
Create better neighborhood-a degree of comfort is
achieved simply by living in a well functioning Society
Possibility of social life for the person only in well and fit
surrounding
In an open and democratic society, it isn’t so comfortable
to talk about the
hierarchy as all are said to
be equal by the state; but
the concept do not die
and it exists all over.
Inequality exists and this
is the beauty of the
society however the gap
between different class
people should be fairly
limited.
Inequality is reflected in hierarchy >>hierarchy is clearly
seen in the form of social Status
Example a peon >< Boss
Karl Marx and Max Weber
▪ Each and every building has its own peculiar social
character that’s why one can easily predict its social
status.
▪ A palace and a hut are clearly
differentiated from a glance. That’s
why; one of the major tasks of a
building is to display its social identity.
▪ Social milieu is not only for the
exposure of building character rather it
also help people to create a better
neighborhood.
Examples
✓ clusters as example where people
prefer to buy a large plot and to reside
dividing the plot in pieces just to find a
desired degree of comfort by sharing
their common daily life.
✓ Housing colonies
6. CULTURAL SYMBILISM:
Culture- a comprehensive term that people live and grow
with that shapes a person to what they are or become
Gives meaning to things and objects
Can be understood as a system of beliefs, values, customs
and behaviors that members of a society use to cope with
their world and with one another and that are transmitted
from generations to generation through learning
Is a complex concept
Is necessary for social development and for institutional
building
Is practiced in different forms like karuna, ahimsa daan,
brata jyotis shastra
Culture provides meaning of object an abstract term and
comes through various social practices practiced as
common values, empirical constructs, philosophical ideas,
moral codes, religious beliefs, ideological convictions and
economical conditions.
Tolerance (Sahishnuta) is a form of culture practiced by
Nepalese society that’s how people from different ethnic
groups are residing in a territory. Hindus and Buddhists go
to each other’s temples. The common values are
symbolized by such temples
Empirical science is manifest in Astronomy: astronomers
are found to be very prominent in society and play a very
useful role
Six philosophical ideas: Nyaya, yoga, Samkhya, Viveshika,
Advaita, Mimamsa
Important aspect of building
In Nepali concept building is a representation of whole
universe and similar concept can be found
in Greek architecture
Examples
Foundation represents serpents
Windows – eyes
Bricks -9 lakh stars
Soil- sky
Posts- Shiva
Architraves- mother goddess
Beams – bhairavs
Rafters- 64 yogini
Struts- garud, roof represents
umbrella for god and store
represent laxmi.
7. CONCLUSION:
How a building works is equally as important as how that
same building looks. When it comes to building design,
architects often have to make compromises between
form and function. Form should not follow function but be
fused together in order to add to the aesthetic dimension
of a city and to make building task worthy. It is
undoubtedly more challenging, expansive and time
consuming to achieve this kind of balance, but it is also
worth the effort.

8. REFERANCE:
▪ Wikipedia
▪ Teacher consultation