CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1General:
Pavement in the form of city streets, county roads, airports, state and interstate
highways, is one of the most critical elements of a nation's infrastructure. Managing
the serviceability of this critical public resource involves obtaining an accurate
measurement of the condition of the pavement and relating such conditions too their
critical information such as traffic, climate and design information so that current and
future needs can be determined and effective maintenance and reconstruction
programs can be formulated the maintenance and upkeep of roads is a big industry
and savings of billions of rupees can take place with timely maintenance of roads by
ensuring that the roads meet he functional and structural requirements. The
functional requirements encompass ability of the pavement to Provide comfortable,
safe, economical riding surface to the users. The structural performance is related to
the structural soundness or load carrying ability of the pavement We offer
comprehensive range of advanced Pavement Testing equipment and services in
technical collaboration with our overseas principals who are the leaders in this field.
The range of equipment being offered by us include testing equipment for Asphaltic
and Unbound materials & Pavements, to conduct rheological, functional and
structural tests.
There are two types of pavements: -
(1) Flexible pavement
(2) Rigid pavement
o Flexible pavement: -
The design of flexible pavement involves the interplay of several variables, such as
the wheel load traffic, climate, terrain and sub-grade conditions. With a view to hovea
unified approaches for working out the design of flexible pavement in the country.
With the rapid growth of traffic now, the pavements are required to be design for
heavy volume of traffic of the order of 150 million standard axles.
o Rigid pavement: -
The rigid pavement design to introducing, it is a basic treatment that will introduce
designers to some important principles and terminology in simple applications
projects the information provided will give designers a good start in addressing sub-
grades on real select materials and sub-base courses, base courses and pavement
design for rigid pavements for streets, roads and parking lots. This course is
intended for engineers, architects and construction professionals who want an
introduction to rigid pavement design for streets, roads and parking areas. The
course will give you the basic terminology and technical considerations needed to
help you address rigid pavement design issues on specified projects. Fig1.3 Rigid
pavement cross-section Fig1. 4 Rigid pavement road.
(Source: - Google search engine) (Source: -Google search engine)
Objectives: -
 To carried out of pavement functional evaluation.
 To identify of the different types of distresses on flexibility pavement.
 To carried out of traffic analysis and Improved safety.
 Traffic congestion reductions. If road is condition good.

scope of the study: -

 Flexible traffic flows.
 It gives us the most accurate reason for the pavement distress which makes
the repairing work easy.
 The functional adequacy of selected stretch was evaluated by texture depth
by sand patch method, traffic volume count, ratings survey in detail.
 The design of flexible pavements for Expressway, National Highways, State
Highways, Major District Roads, and other categories of roads. Flexible
pavements are considered to include the pavements which have bituminous
surfacing and granular base and sub-base courses conforming. These
guidelines apply to new pavements.
 Traffic growth rate during the design life.
 Design life in number of years.
 Distribution of vehicle commercial over the carriage way.

Literature review: -
Amit Patted, Vinod Kumar, Shiva Putra, Poornima. Pavement Performance and Functional Evaluation
for Selected Stretches (2016) IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research &
DevelopmentVol,4, Issue 03, 2016 |ISSN (online): 2321-061 Page no- (1719 to 1721).

In this pattern to guide us, the topic related to pavement function evaluation for the stretches.

The road transport system is considered to be the major component of infrastructure development
in any country. It affects the development in economic and social activities The flexible pavement is
considered to be the major pavement material for road transportation in India.

• Many tests and surveys should be conducted for pavement performance and evaluation Some of
which are traffic counting, rating survey etc On

pavement

• This literature to guide us the functional evaluation to perform many idea of conducting

surveys. Which is given following,

◦ Visual and rider ratings

Pavement Unevenness

◦
◦ Traffic volume count

Distress survey, etc.