13/10/2014

EQUILIBRIUM OF PARTICLES & RIGID BODIES

Static Equilibrium of particles

Static Equilibrium of rigid bodies

DDEK/2014/ ME 161 - BASIC MECHANICS # 127

EQUILIBRIUM OF PARTICLES & RIGID BODIES

 A particle or body is said to be in equilibrium if the resultant force and moment acting
on it is zero.

 This is necessary condition for Newton’s first law.

The equilibrant of a system of forces acting on a particle can easily be obtained applying
the already discussed techniques for finding the resultant of forces on a particle.

Problems on equilibrium often require equations of equilibrium to obtained and solved.

DDEK/2014/ ME 161 - BASIC MECHANICS # 128

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EQUILIBRIUM OF PARTICLES & RIGID BODIES

Solving problems on equilibrium involve three main steps;

Draw a free body diagram for the problem

Obtain the equations of equilibrium for the problem

Solve the equations and interpret your results

DDEK/2014/ ME 161 - BASIC MECHANICS # 129

EQUILIBRIUM OF PARTICLES & RIGID BODIES

Static Equilibrium of a Particle
 For particles,


R   F 0
  Fx  0 F y 0 F z 0

DDEK/2014/ ME 161 - BASIC MECHANICS # 130

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EQUILIBRIUM OF PARTICLES & RIGID BODIES

Static Equilibrium of a Particle
 Example 4.1
Determine if the particle P is in equilibrium under the influence of the forces shown in the
diagram.

120 N

60o
P 150 N

30o

69 N

DDEK/2014/ ME 161 - BASIC MECHANICS # 131

EQUILIBRIUM OF PARTICLES & RIGID BODIES

Static Equilibrium of a Particle
 Example 4.1 - Solution
Equations of Equilibrium

y   Fx  120 sin 60o  70 sin 31o  150  11.02 N
   Fy  120 cos 60o  70 cos 31o  0.0017 N  0.00 N
120 N

60o
P 150 N For equilibrium,  Fx  0   Fy
x

31o
But  Fx  0
Hence, P is not in equilibrium
70 N

DDEK/2014/ ME 161 - BASIC MECHANICS # 132

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EQUILIBRIUM OF PARTICLES & RIGID BODIES

Static Equilibrium of a Particle
 Example 4.2
Determine the required tensions in cables BC and BA so they can sustain the 60kg weight.

DDEK/2014/ ME 161 - BASIC MECHANICS # 133

EQUILIBRIUM OF PARTICLES & RIGID BODIES

Static Equilibrium of a Particle
 Example 4.2 - Solution
FBD Equations of Equilibrium

v   Fh  0 : TBC sin 45o  TBA sin 53.1o  0 - - - (1)
TBA TBC
   Fv  0 : TBC cos 45o  TBA cos 53.1o  TBD  0
53.1o
45o
 TBC cos 45o  TBA cos 53.1o  588.6 N - - - (2)

TBD  m.g  60  9.81 Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously,

TBC  475.41 N
TBA  420.43 N

DDEK/2014/ ME 161 - BASIC MECHANICS # 134

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EQUILIBRIUM OF PARTICLES AND BODIES

Static Equilibrium of a Particle
Example
Three cables are used to tether a balloon as shown. Knowing that the balloon exerts an
800-N vertical force at A, determine the tension in each cable.

DDEK/2014/ ME 161 - BASIC MECHANICS # 135

EQUILIBRIUM OF PARTICLES AND BODIES

Static Equilibrium of a Particle
Example 4.3 - Solution Equations of Equilibriu m
  4.2i  5.6 j
TAB  TAB  0.6TAB i  0.8TAB j
4.2 2  5.6 2
FBD  2.4i  5.6 j  4.2k
TAC  TAC  0.37TAC i  0.87TAC j  0.65TAC k
2.4 2  5.6 2  4.2 2
  5.6 j  3.3k
TAD  TAD  0.86TAD j  0.51TAD k
800 N 5.6 2  3.32
FAy  800 Nj

F x  0.6TAB  0.37TAC  0 - - - (1)

F y  0.8TAB  0.87TAC  0.86TAD  800  0 - - - (2)
F z  0.65TAC  0.51TAD  0 - - - (3)

Solving (1), (2) and (3) simultaneously,

TAB  200.6 N
TAC  325.3 N
DDEK/2014/ ME 161 - BASIC MECHANICS TAD  414.6 N # 136

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EQUILIBRIUM OF PARTICLES AND BODIES

Static Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies
For rigid bodies, the sum of moments is considered in addition to the sum of forces.

R   F 0
  Fx  0 F y 0 Fz 0

M   M 0
 Mx  0 M y 0 M z 0

Reaction at supports of rigid bodies must not be ignored in equilibrium analysis.

A free body diagram is indispensable in solving problems on equilibrium of rigid bodies.
 All support reactions must be accounted on the free body diagram in order for the
problem to be solved correctly.

DDEK/2014/ ME 161 - BASIC MECHANICS # 137