Arzhang Sheikholmolooki

DVM, PhD Candidate in Poultry/ Avian Diseases

University of Tehran
August, 2014

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 * This booklet only contains few drugs that used more by clinicians
* To have an awareness of integral data contain pharmacokinetics, Side effects… use authentic
pharmacopoeia

Abbreviates
PO Per OS (Orally)
DW Drinking Water
IM Intramuscular
SC Subcutaneous
QD Quaque die (Every day)
BID Two times daily
TID Ter in die (Three times a day)
Tab. Tablet
Cap. Capsule
Syr. Syrup
Susp. Suspension
Sol. Solution
Opht. Ophthalmic
BW Body Weight

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 Antibacterial
Generic Name Drug Form Dose & Route Applied Dose Comments
Ampicillin Cap.: 250, 500 mg PO: 100-200 mg/ kg PO: for each 100 Gram +
Susp. : 125mg/5ml & (TID) gram of BW: dissolve Staphylococcus
250mg/5ml DW: 1-2 gr/l (QD) One 250 mg cap in 10 To treat
CC water, then use: Pododermatitis
0.5-0.7 cc
DW: dissolve 1 cap of
250 mg or 500 mg in
250 ml water

Azithromycin Oral susp. :100 mg/ PO: 50-80 mg/kg For each 100 gr of Intracellular infection
5ml & 200 mg/ 5ml (QD) BW: use 0.3 cc of 100 Chlamydophila
Cap. & Tab. : 250 mg mg/5 ml suspension Toxoplasma
& 500 mg (PO) Plasmodium
Or: dissolve one 500 cryptosporidium
mg cap in 10 ml of
water, use 0.1 ml
(PO)
Cephalexin Cap. & Tab. : 250 mg IM & PO: 50-100 For each 100 gr of Most gram +
& 500 mg mg/kg (BID) BW: dissolve one 500 Many gram –
Oral susp. : 125 mg/ 5 mg cap in 10 ml, then Some anaerobes
ml & 250 mg/ 5 ml use 0.1 ml (PO)
Cefotaxime Inj. : 500 mg/ vial & 1 IM (TID, BID): 75- For each 500 gr of Gram + & -
gr/ vial 100 mg/kg BW:0.1 cc of 500 Penetrate CNS &
mg/vial (IM) eyes
Chloramphenicol Opht. Drop: 0.5 % PO: 50-75 mg/kg For each 100 gr of Broad spectrum
Cap.: 250 mg (BID, TID) BW: 5-6 drops (PO) Highly lipid solution
Oral susp. : 150 mg/ 5 Or 0.2-0.3 ml of oral Penetrate to CNS &
ml (as palmitate) susp. (PO) eye
Some protozoa

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Ciprofloxacin Opht. Drop: 0. 3% PO: 15-40 mg/kg For each 100 gr of Like Enrofloxacin
Tab: 250 & 500 & 750 (BID) BW: 5-6 drops BID
mg or dissolve one tab in
10 cc water use 0.1-
0.2 ml (BID)
Clindamycin Cap. : 150 & 300 mg PO: 25- 150 mg/kg For each 100 gr of Gram +
Oral susp. : 75 mg/ 5 (BID) BW: dissolve one 300 Osteomyelitis
ml mg cap in 10 ml of
water, use 0.3-0.5
(PO)
Cotrimoxazole Tab: 400 mg PO: 100-200 mg/kg For each 100 gr of Excellent Gram+ &
Sulfamethoxazole (BID) BW: Dissolve one tab gram –
+Trimethoprim 80mg in 10 ml of water, use GI tract infection
(480 mg) 0.2-0.3 ml (PO) Some coccidian
Oral Susp. : 240 mg/ Or: use 0.2-0.3 of oral Sarcocystic
5ml susp. (PO) May cause renal &
liver damage
May cause
regurgitation
Doxycycline Cap. : 50, 100 mg PO: 25-50 mg/kg PO: For each 100 gr Gram +
Oral susp. : 25ml/ 5 (QD) of BW, dissolve on Rapid GI absorption
ml DW: 100- 500 mg/lit 100 mg cap in 5 ml of Respiratory infection
of water (For AGP up water, use 0.2- 0.3 ml Chlamydiosis
to 800 mg) (PO) Mycoplasma
Or: use 1 ml of oral
Susp (PO)
DW: for AGP,
dissolve two 100 mg
cap (200 mg) in 250
ml water. For other
birds, one 100 mg cap
in 250 ml water

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 Enrofloxacin Oral Sol.: 10% PO and Inj.: 10- 30 PO: for each 100 gr of Most gram –
Inj.: 5 & 10% mg/kg (BID) BW, use 0.05- 0.1 ml Some gram +
of oral sol. Mycoplasma
DW: 0.5- 1 ml of oral Chlamydophila
sol. In 250 ml water Only a single injection
Inj:0.1 ml of 5% because of tissue
injection sol. necrosis
Erythromycin Tab: 200 & 400 mg PO: 60 mg/ kg (BID) For each 100 gr of Gram +
Chewable tab: 200 BW: dissolve one 200 Osteomyelitis
mg mg in 10 ml water, Upper respiratory inf.
use 0.3 ml
Lincocin- Sachet (water soluble PO: 100- 150 mg/kg PO: for each 100 gr of Gram +
Spectinomycine powder): 40% (BID,QD) BW, use 0.1 of Inj. C. perfringenes
Inj. : 50 mg Inj.: 100 mg/kg Solution P. multocida
Lincomycin + 100 mg DW: use 0.5- 1 gram Streptococcus
Spectinomycine (150 of Water soluble Chronic
mg) powder in 1 lit of pododermatitis
water
Inj.: for each 500 gr of
BW, inject 0.1 ml
Metronidazole Tab: 250 mg PO: 10- 50 mg/kg PO: for each 100 Gram + & -
Oral susp. : 125 mg/ (BID, QD) gram of BW, 0.1- 0.2 Anaerobic Inf.
5 ml DW: in pigeon 1 gr/lit ml of oral susp. Clostridium
In other birds:0.25 DW: for pigeon, four Motile protozoa:
gr/lit 250 mg cap/lit Trichomonas
For others one cap Giardia
250 mg/ lit
Piperacillin+ Tazobactam Injection IM-IV: 150-200 mg/kg QD-BID Most gram –
Before and after
Orthopedic surgery/
Open fractures/
Pododermatitis

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 Antifungal
Generic Name Drug Form Dose & Route Applied Dose Comments
Fluconazole Cap.: 50,100,150,200 PO: 1.5- 10 mg/kg BID: for each 100 gram Penetrate well in
mg (BID) of BW: dissolve on cap CNS,CSF, eye
Oral Susp.: 200 mg/ 5 10- 20 mg/kg (QD) 100 mg/ 10 ml, use 0.1 Aspergillosis
ml ml Cryptococcus
QD: for each 100 gr of Best safety margin
BW: dissolve one cap
of 200 mg/10 ml, use
0.2 ml
Itraconazole Cap. : 100 mg PO: 5-10 mg/kg (QD) For each 100 gr of BW: Toxic for AGP
Given with food for at 1 cap/10 ml, use 0.1 ml Most effective against
least 1 month after Aspergillosis
signs have resolved Cutaneous candidiasis
Dermatophyte
Nystatin Tab: 500,000 IU PO: 200,000- 300,000 PO: for each 100 gr of No systemic absorption
Oral susp. : 100,000 IU (BID,TID) BW, 3-5 drops of oral For Crop sour
IU/ml DW: 100,000 IU/ lit Susp. Candidiasis
DW: 1 ml of oral susp. Not for systemic Inf.
In 1 lit
Terbinafine Tab: 250 mg PO: 10- 15 mg/ kg PO: for each 100 gr of Good oral absorption
(BID,QD) BW, 1 tab/ 10 ml, use Distributed well to fat &
0.05 – 0.1 ml Skin
Aspergillus
Dermatophyte

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 Anthelmintic/ Antiparasitic Agent
Generic Name Drug Form Dose & Route Applied Dose Comments
Albendazole Susp. : 40 mg/ml PO:10-50 mg/ kg For each 100 gram of Nematodes
Tab. Chewable:200 & (Once) BW, one tab 400 mg/ Capillaria
400 mg *can be toxic for 10 ml, use 0.1 ml then
raptors at doses over repeat it after 14 days
25 mg/kg
Ivermectin Inj.: 1% PO: 0.2- 0.4 mg/ kg For most birds use 1 Nematodes
Oral Sol.: 0.2% SC & IM: 0.2 mg/kg drop on each wing skin Blood sucking external
parasites
Knemidocoptes
Levamisole Tab: 50 mg PO: 20- 40 mg/ kg Dissolve half a tab in Toxic for Finches,
Syrup: 40 mg/ 5 ml (once with a repeat in 250 ml of water Lories and debilitated
14 days) birds
DW: 100- 200 mg/ lit Nematodes
(for 3 days, repeat in 2
weeks)
Mebendazole Tab: 100 mg PO: 10- 25 mg/ kg ¼ of tab in 1 lit Cestodes
(BID, 5 days) Trematodes
DW: 10- 20 mg/ lit (3-5
days)
Praziquantel Tab: 600 mg, 50 mg PO: 10- 20 mg/ kg For each 100 gram of Cestodes
(veterinary) BW, dissolve one tab Trematodes
50 mg/10 ml, use 0.05
ml

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 Nebulizing Agents
Generic Name Drug Form Dose & Route Applied Dose Comments
Acetylcysteine Inj.: 200 mg/ml 200 mg/ 9 ml sterile 1 ml/ 9 ml sterile water Mucolytic
water (15 min) Pneumonia
200 mg/8 ml sterile Airsacculitis
water+ 1 ml Amikacin Rhinitis

Aminophylline Injection: 25 mg/ml (10 25 mg/ 9 ml sterile 1 ml/ 9 ml sterile water Bronchodilator
ml) water (15 min.) PTFE Toxicosis
(‫)مسمومیت با گاز تفلون‬
Amphotericin B Injection: 50 mg 1 mg/ ml sterile water Dissolve vial in 5 ml Aspergillosis
(15 min.) sterile water, add 1ml
to 9 ml sterile water
Enrofloxacin Injection: 100 mg/ ml 20 mg/ ml sterile water 1 ml/ 5 ml sterile water Bacterial resp. tract
(10%) infection & airsacculitis

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 Psychotropic Agents
Generic Name Drug Form Dose & Route Applied Dose Comments
Chlorpromazine Tab: 25, 100 mg DW: 125 mg/ lit 1 tab 25 mg/ 200-250 Feather picking
ml
Clomipramine Tab: 10, 25, 50, 75 mg PO: 0.5- 1 mg/kg For each 100 gr BW, 1 Use with care
(QD, BID) tab (10 mg)/ 10 ml, use Many side effect, even
0.1 ml sudden death
Adjust dose in 2-3 W
Alleviate anxiety and
depression
Self-destructive
behavior
Feather picking
Diazepam Tab: 2, 5, 10 mg PO: 0.5 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Anti-epileptic
(BID, TID) one tab (5 mg)/ 10 ml, Anxiolytic
use 0.1 ml
Fluoxetine Cap: 10, 20 mg PO: 0.4- 3 mg/ kg For each 100 gr, use Phobia
Syrup: 20 mg/ 5 ml (QD, BID) 0.3- 0.4 ml of syrup Depression
Gabapentin Cap. : 100, 300, 400 PO: 5- 10 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW: Anti-epileptic
mg (BID- TID) one cap 100 mg/10 ml, Neuropathic pains
use 0.1 ml (BID) Chronic pains

Haloperidol Tab: 0.5, 2, 5 mg PO: 0.1- 0.4 mg/ For each 100 gr of BW, Self-mutilation
Oral Sol.: 2 mg/ ml kg (QD, BID) one tab 2 mg/ 10 ml, Feather picking
use 0.1- 0.2 ml
Hydroxyzine Tab: 10, 25 mg PO: 2 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Allergic Feather picking
Syrup: 10 mg/ 5 ml (TID) one tab (10 mg)/ 10 ml, Antihistamine
use 0.2 ml
Diphenhydramine Elixir: 125 mg/ 5 ml PO: 2- 4 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Allergic Feather picking
Cap: 25 mg (BID) use 0.1- 0.2 ml Antihistamine

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 Midazolam Inj.: 5 mg/ ml IM: 4 mg/ kg IM: for 100 gr, 0.1 ml Control: seizure,
epilepsy
Phenobarbital Tab: 15, 60, 100 mg PO: 1- 10 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Control seizure &
(BID) one tab (60 mg)/ 10 ml, epilepsy
use 0.1 ml

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 Analgesics Agents
Generic Name Drug Form Dose & Route Applied Dose Comments
Aspirin Tab: 100, 325, 500 mg PO: 5 mg/ kg PO: for each 100 gr of Control of pain &
(TID) BW, one tab (100 mg)/ inflammatory
DW: 325 mg/ 250 ml of 10 ml, use 0.05 ml Anticoagulant
DW: 1 tab (325 mg)/
250 ml
Celecoxib Cap.: 100, 200 mg PO: 10 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Treatment for PDD
(QD) 1 cap (100 mg)/ 10 ml, Use with Care in liver
use 0.1 ml failure case
Flunixin meglumine Inj.: 50 mg/ ml IM: 2- 4 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Toxic for crane
inject 0.1 ml Renal & GI side effects
Use in shock, Trauma
and inflammation
Ibuprofen Cap.& Tab: 200, 400 PO: 5- 10 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Inflammation
mg (BID, TID) 1 cap (200 mg)/ 10 ml, In osseous & Muscular
Oral Susp. : 100 mg/ 5 use 0.05- 0.1 ml pain
ml
Indomethacin Cap: 25 mg PO: 2 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Acute inflammation
(BID,QD) 1 cap/ 10 ml, use 0.1 Trauma
ml Corneal inflammation
Piroxicam Cap: 10 mg PO: 0.5 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, trauma & surgery
1 cap/ 10 ml, use 0.05 Visceral &
ml osteomuscular pain
Osteoarthritis
Meloxicam Tab: 7.5, 15 mg IM & PO: 0.2- 0.5 mg/ For each 100 gr of BW, Xanthoma
kg 1 tab (7.5 mg)/ 10 ml, Skin lesion,
(BID) use 0.1 ml tenosynovitis,
osteoarthritis,
keratoconjunctivitis,
Otitis, finger necrosis due
to wrap cotton, uveitis,
phallus prolapse,
surgery…

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 Topical Agents
Generic Name Drug Form Dose & Route Applied Dose Comments
Aloe Vera Aqueous extract 1 ml or 1 teaspoon in 1 Dissolve 1 ml or 1 Anti-itching
lit. of water teaspoon in 1 lit of Aid in feather picking
water, sprayed from 30 treatment, especially in
cm allergic
Chlorhexidine Mouth wash Applied topically Applied 2 or 3 times a Toxic for finches in PO
day Antibacterial
Anti-fungal
Disinfect the wound
Imiquimod Cream: 5% Use as need on vent Use as need on vent Cloacal Papilloma
Povidone Iodine Topical Sol. Applied topically Applied 2 or 3 times a Use dilute Solution
day Anti-fungal
Antibacterial

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 Hormonal Therapies
Generic Name Drug Form Dose & Route Applied Dose Comments
Dinoprost (PGF2a) Inj.: 5 mg/ ml Into the cloaca: 0.02- For each 100 gr of BW, Use to induce egg
0.1 mg/ kg (once) use 0.01 ml laying in egg bound
IM: 0.02- 0.1 mg/ kg birds
(Once) Contract oviduct while
relaxes uterovaginal
sphincter
Human Chorionic Inj.: 500, 1500, 5000 IM: 500- 1,000 IU/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Use to induce egg
Gonadotropin (HCG) IU/ vial (QD, days: 1, 3, 7. inject 0.1 ml of 5,000 laying in egg bound
Then every 2 weeks if IU vial birds
required) In continues
Leuprolide acetate Inj.: 1 mg/ 0.2 ml IM: 0.1- 0.7 mg/ kg For each 1,000 gram of GNRH antagonist
(every 2 weeks for 3 BW, inject 0.1 ml Must be combined with
treatments, then as environmental
required) behavioral and dietary
change
Use in phallus
prolapse (Ostriches,
water fowls)
Control aggressive
behavior of males
Castration
Cystic ovarian
Prevent egg laying
Medroxyprogesterone Tab: 5, 250 mg IM: 5- 25 mg/ ml PO: For each 100 gr of Often used for feather
Inj.: 100, 150 mg/ ml (every 4-6 weeks) BW, dissolve 1 tab (5 picking
PO: 2- 10 mg/ kg ml)/ 10 ml, use 0.1 At very low dose
( every week) Inj.: 0.01 ml suppressed ovulation
Egg peritonitis
Induce molting

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 Oxytocin Inj.: 5, 10 IU/ ml IM: 0.5- 1 IU/ kg Inject 0.1 ml from 10 Use with care
(Repeated every 30-60 IU/ml vial for each 100 Should be used with
min.) gr calcium gluconate
Stimulate oviduct
contraction

Drugs used to treat Liver Disease

Generic Name Drug Form Dose & Route Applied Dose Comments
Colchicine Tab: 1 mg PO: 0.04- 0.2 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Use in gout,
(QD) 1 tab/ 10 ml, use 0.1 ml hepatofibrosis, renal
fibrosis, amyloidosis
May cause nausea &
vomiting
Deferiprone Tab: 500 mg PO: 50 mg/ kg (BID) For each 100 gr of BW, ISD
1 tab/ 10 ml, use 0.1 ml
Deferoxamine Inj.: 500 mg/ vial, 2 gr/ IM, PO, SC: 100 mg/ For each 100 gr of BW, Preferred Iron chelator
vial kg (QD) use 0.1 ml for ISD
Avoid in birds with
renal failure
Lactulose Syrup: 10 gr/ 15 ml PO: 150- 650 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Doesn’t treat liver
(BID, TID) use 0.5- 0.1 ml disease
Reduce absorption of
Ammonia
Reduce blood ammonia
Diuretic & laxative
Livergol Tab: 70, 140 mg PO: ------ For each 100 gr of BW, Herbal drug
Dissolve 1 tab (70 mg)/ Hepatoprotective ,
10 mg, use 0.1 ml choleretic acute and
(QD,BID) chronic hepatitis ,
hepatic cirrhosis

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 Drugs used to treat Kidney Disease
Generic Name Drug Form Dose & Route Applied Dose Comments
Allopurinol Tab: 100, 300 mg PO: 10- 15 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Gout
(BID, QD) 1 tab (100 mg)/ 10 ml, May worsen renal
use 0.1 ml disease
Maintain good
hydration
Colchicine Tab: 1 mg PO: 0.04- 0.2 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Use in gout,
(QD) 1 tab/ 10 ml, use 0.1 ml renal fibrosis,
amyloidosis
May cause nausea &
vomiting
Aspirin Tab: 100, 325, 500 mg PO: 1 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Used with Omega 3 &
(QD) 1 (100 mg) tab/ 100 ml, 6 for treatment of
use 0.1 ml membranous
glomerulonephritis

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 Antidotes & drugs used in poison cases
Generic Name Drug Form Dose & Route Applied Dose Comments
Activated charcoal Tab: 250 mg PO: 2,000- 8,000 mg/ For each 100 gr of BW, Chelate with many
Susp.: 30 gr/ 240 ml kg use 1- 2 ml toxins & remove them
from GI
Atropine Inj.: 0.5, 1, 10, 20 mg/ IM: 0.01- 0.1 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Organophosphate &
ml (repeat every 3-4 hr. inject 0.1 ml of 0.5 mg Carbamate Toxicosis
as required) vial Doesn’t cause papillary
dilation
Calcium EDTA Inj.: 50 mg/ ml IM: 10- 50 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Choice treatment for
(BID, for 3-5 days) inject 0.1 ml lead & zinc Toxicosis
Ongoing therapy may
be required in chronic
lead Toxicosis (twice
weekly for 6-8 weeks)
D-Penicillamine Tab & Cap. : 250 mg PO: 30-50 mg/kg For each 100 gr of BW, Preferred chelator for
(BID, 1-3 Weeks) one cap/ 10 ml, use copper Toxicosis, but
0.1- 0.2 ml can be used for other
heavy metal Toxicosis
Can cause nausea &
vomiting
Pralidoxamine Inj.: 1 gr/ vial, 200 mg/ IM: 10- 100 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Organophosphate
10 ml (Repeat after 6 hr.) use 0.5 ml of 200 mg/ Toxicosis
10 ml vial Do not use in
Carbamate Toxicosis
Must be used within
24-36 hours of
exposure

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 Miscellaneous Agents
Generic Name Drug Form Dose & Route Applied Dose Comments
B Complex Syrup PO: ---- For each 100 gr of BW, Use as an appetizer
use 4-5 drop In vitamin B group
deficiency
Bromhexin Elixir: 4 mg/ 5 ml DW: 1- 2 mg/ lit For each 100 gr of BW, Mucolytic
Tab.: 8 mg IM: 1.5 mg/ kg dissolve 0.5 ml of elixir/ Used in chronic
Inj.: 2 mg/ ml, 4 mg/ 2 (QD, BID) lit Or inject 0.1 ml respiratory disease, IB,
ml AI, ILT, IC…
Calcium Tab, Cap., Syrup, PO, DW: depends on For each 100 gr of BW, Use in hypocalcaemia,
Effervescent, calcium- deficiency use 3- 4 drop of syrup metabolic bone
D (Tab) disease
Calcium gluconate Inj.: 400 mg/ ml IM: 100- 200 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW,
(once, QD) 0.05 ml
Chloroquine Syr.: 25, 50 mg/ 5 ml PO: 10 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, To treat
Tab.: 200, 250 mg (QD, TID) use 0.1 ml of syrup (50 Haemoparasites
mg/ 5 ml) Haemoproteus
Plasmodium
Cimetidine Tab: 200 mg PO: 5 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Used when
Syr.: 200 mg/ 5 ml use 0.1 ml of syrup proventriculus or
gastric ulceration is
present
Cisapride Tab.: 5, 10 mg PO: 0.5- 1.5 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Stimulates
Susp.: 1 mg/ ml (TID,BID) use 0.5- 0.1 ml of syrup gastrointestinal motility
Dexamethasone Inj.: 8 mg/ 2 ml IM: 2- 4 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Use in Shocks, head
(once, QD if acquired) inject 0.05- 0.1 ml trauma, endotoxemia
Forbidden in fungal
and acute infections
Doxapram Inj.: 20 mg/ ml IM, IV: 5- 10 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Stimulates respiratory
(Once) inject 0.05 ml reflex

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 Epoetin Alfa Inj.: 1,000, 2,000, Subcutaneous: 100 IU/ For each 100 gr of BW, In chronic Anemia
4,000 IU/ ml ml inject 0.1 ml of 1,000
IU/ ml
Ginseng Soft Cap. PO: 10 drop/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Use in: Anemia,
use 1 drop immune suppressed,
Chronic enteritis,
Cystic oviduct
Iodine Lugol’s iodine DW: 0.2 ml/ lit of water 0.2 ml/ lit of water Used to treat thyroid
(QD) hyperplasia (Goiter) in
Budgerigar
Probiotic Yoghurt In feed: ----- for yoghurt, use one Lactobacillus
Commercial products teaspoon in feed For replacement of
(1 week) normal gut flora
In mild enteritis

L- carnitine Cap: 250 mg In feed: 1,000 mg/ kg Dissolve one cap/ 5 ml Use in fat birds
DW: 250 mg/ 5 ml Lipoma
Xanthoma
Synergy with B
complex
Metoclopramide Oral Drop: 4 mg/ ml PO: 0.5- 2 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Increases force &
Inj.: 5 mg/ ml (BID, TID) use 0.05 ml of oral frequency of gastric
IM: 0.5- 2 mg/ kg drop or inject 0.05 ml contractions, relaxes
(BID, TID) pyloric sphincter &
promotes peristalsis in
the duodenum and
jejunum

Mineral oil Bulk PO: 5 ml/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, Emollient Laxative
use 0.5 ml Care to prevent
aspiration

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Vinegar Apple Cider DW: 6- 10 ml/ lit 6- 10 ml/ lit Acidifier
Prevent yeast growth
To fix intestinal
microbial flora
Use in mild enteritis,
diarrhea, unusual feces
In topical use on
cloacal papilloma,
induce with
discoloration
Vit. A Cap, Tab, Inj.: 50,000 IM: for cockatiel & For susceptible birds: In Hypovitaminosis A
IU budgerigar: 2,000- for each 100 gr of BW, Beware of Vitamin A
5,000 IU/ kg (weekly) inject 0.01 ml Toxicosis
IM: For other birds, For others, each 100 gr
20,000- 30,000 IU/kg of BW: 0.1 ml
(weekly)
Vit. AD Oral Drop PO: Depend on vitamin For each 100 gr of BW, Use in hypovitaminosis
A & D deficiency use 3-5 drops A, D
Hypocalcaemia
Fractures
Metabolic bone
disease
Beware of Vit. A & D
Toxicosis
Vit. K1 Tab: 10 mg IM: 0.2- 2.5 mg/ kg For each 100 gr of BW, In warfarin Toxicosis
Inj.: 10 mg/ ml, 1 mg/ (BID) inject 0.1 of 1 mg/ 0.5 Hemorrhage
0.5 ml IM: 0.2- 2.2 mg/ kg ml vial Impaired coagulation
(every 6- 8 hr. until
stable)

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