UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE INGENIERIA

CALCULO POR ELEMENTOS FINITOS:

ELEMENTOS UNIDIMENSIONALES

Creado por: Helard Álvarez Sánchez

Problema
Se tiene una barra rectangular fabricada en acero A36 (Sy=248.21 MPa,
E=200 GPa), determinar el esfuerzo a la tensión y el desplazamiento del
punto 2; considerar un factor de seguridad.
Método analítico.
Con elementos finitos
Esfuerzo normal=155MPa

Restricción total en el lado izquierdo (Fijo)

Con elementos finitos
Esfuerzo normal=155.29 MPa

Restricción en el nodo de la izquierda, fijo. LA barra se analizara como una barra

lineal.
Con elementos finitos
Desplazamiento axial=0.774 mm

Restricción total en el lado izquierdo (Fijo)

Con elementos finitos
Desplazamiento axial=0.776 mm

Restricción en el nodo de la izquierda, fijo. LA barra se analizara como una barra

lineal.
Consider a simple bar made up of uniform
material with length L and the cross-
sectional area A. The young modulus of the
material is E.
L

Sinceany bar is modeled as spring in FEM

thus we’ve:

F1 u1 k u2 F2
Let us suppose that the value of spring
constant is k. Now, we’ll evaluate the value
of k in terms of the properties (length, area,
etc.) of the bar:
We know that:

Also:

And
Now substituting the values of x and F is the
base equation of k, we’ll have:

But

Hence, we may write:

According to the diagram, the force at node
u1 can be written in the form:

Where u1 – u 2 is actually the nodal

displacement between two nodes. Further:

Similarly:
Now further simplification gives:

These two equations for F 1 and F2 can also be

written as, in Matrix form:

Or:
Here K e is known as the Stiffness Matrix. So a
uniform material framework of bars, the
value of the stiffness matrix would remain
the same for all the elements of bars in the
FEM structure.
 k1 k2
F1 F2 F3

u1 u2 u3

Similarly for two different materials bars

joined together, we may write:

;
With The Help Of FEM Analysis For Bars
 Three dissimilar materials are friction welded
together and placed between rigid end supports.
If forces of 50 kN and 100 kN are applied as
indicated, calculate the movement of the
interfaces between the materials and the forces
exerted on the end support.

Steel
Rigid support

50 kN

Brass
Aluminium
100 kN
 For aluminium For brass For steel
Area = 400 mm2 Area = 200 mm2 Area = 70 mm2
Length = 280 mm Length = 100 mm Length = 100 mm
E = 70 GN/m2 E = 100 GN/m2 E = 200 GN/m2

Steel
Rigid support

50 kN
Brass
Aluminium
100 kN

F1 k1 F2 k2 F3 k3 F4

u1 u2 u3 u4
The system may be represented as the
system of three springs. Hence, the spring
are shown. Values of spring constant can be
determined as:
From the extension of FEM, we can write the
force-nodal equations for this system as:

Solvingthis system and adding similar

equations yields:
Now:

K global o total
Ft global o total y ut desplazamiento total
Atpoint 1 and 4, the structure is fixed, and
hence no displacement can be produced
here. Thus, we’ll say that:
Now,simply putting these values in the
equations, we get:
Reacciones.
Resolución del problema con
Solidworks Simulations
Desplazamientos en distintos
puntos
Esfuerzo por tensión en cada
Zona de material