REVIEWER IN E-TECH 3rd QUARTER

INFORMATION AND COMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY is an umbrella term which covers any communication devices, applications, and
systems that people use to interact and connect with others.
World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee, most of the web pages were static web (also known as flat page or stationary page) or the
content is “as is”. In this state, the user cannot manipulate or edit the content of the page, as well as, the content is same for all the users. In addition,
static web can be referred to as Web 1.0.
Web 1.0 were added by dynamic web pages, and eventually evolved into Web 2.0. This term was popularized by Tim O’Reilly and Dale Dougherly at
the O’Reilly Media Web 2.0 Conference in the year 2004.

SIX FEATURES OF WEB 2.0

1. Folksonomy – It is a term from the blended words “folks” and “taxonomy”. This feature allows user to categorize and classify/arrange information
(ex.: hashtag like #NewNormal).
2. Rich User Experience – This feature deals with how a site uses user information for a personalized content (ex.: blog/vlog, social media accounts,
et cetera).
3. User Participation – This means that those who view the website can also put their own information (ex.: the comment section and/or the reaction
button of Facebook).
4. Long Tail Services – These services offer services on demand as opposed to a one-time purchase (ex.: the Netflix user must pay the monthly
subscription fee to enjoy binge-watching).
5. Software as a Service – It contains how users would subscribe to a software as opposed to purchasing them (Ex.: thesis group members can
collaborate online through Google Docs, and can create online survey with Google Forms wherein members can edit and monitor their progress
simultaneously).
6. Mass Participation - This feature deals with diverse information sharing through universal web access (ex.: regardless your nationality, gender, et
cetera, you can share information online, but make sure, it is not fake).
Tim Berners-Lee of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) encourages web developers to include Semantic Web in their web pages, which is one of
the components of Web 3.0.

SEVERAL PROBLEMS OF WEB 3.0

1. Compatibility – Our currently used web browsers, and HTML files cannot support the idea of Web 3.0. If this compatibility won’t be achieved,
other things like security will be compromised also.
2. Security – To serve better the user, saving user’s preference is the main idea of Web 3.0. However, is it achievable with the current state of the ICT?
3. Vastness – Information comes from billions of web pages is the main feature of the Internet, and it must be organized to specifically deliver what
the user’s need.
4. Vagueness – Web 3.0 machine must cater all languages as this third generation of web aims to serve diverse users.
5. Logic – Since it uses logic, it might not understand sarcasm nor other messages that might involving interference or prediction.

TREND IN ICT
1. Social Media – These are the websites, application, or online channel that allows the netizens (Internet citizen/web users) to create, co-create,
discuss, modify, and exchange user-generated content such as images, documents, et cetera with the other netizens. People usually misuses
the term “social media” by referring it to a specific application or website, however, this is an umbrella term.
1.1. Social Networks – This type enables the user to connect with the other user that has same interest, background,
and/or information. It has rich user experience as the user can personalized their profile accounts, connect with the other users regardless
the distance, and react and leave comments on other user’s posts (Ex.: Facebook and Google +).
1.2. Bookmarking Site – This site allows the user to store and manage links to various websites and resources. Most of these sites
allow you to create a tag that allows you and others to easily search or share them (Ex.: StumbleUpon and Pinterest).
1.3. Social Media News – Simply known as social news. It is far different from the traditional news platform. This site promotes sharing
between the news provider and the user, becomes a central hub for new stories from various other third-party sources to deliver
instant news, and users can interact with the news stories by voting, liking, commenting, sharing, et cetera (Ex.: Reddit and Digg).
1.4. Media Sharing – Do you like to share your selfies, or to show your self-made film? Media sharing applications enable user to
upload and share media content like image, video, and music to like, comment, and share by the other users (Ex.: TikTok, YouTube,
and Instagram).
1.5. Microblogging – Can you say your feelings with just 280 characters? This type of social media focuses on short updates from the
user (Ex.: Twitter and Plurk).
1.6. Blogs and Forums – Unlike the vlog (video log), blog (web log) user posts their own write ups or narratives such as review, diary,
or journal on their customized website. Through this blogpost, users can share links to other websites with the other users, and the
others can leave comment or reaction. On the other hand, forum is a part of certain website wherein users can hold an online
discussion about a certain topic (Ex.: Blogger, WordPress, and Tumblr).
2. Convergent Technologies – In the past, people can access the applications and websites through the personal computer. Due to technological
advancement, industry produces devices and gadgets that achieves similar task or goal with the personal computer. (Ex.: When I was a college
student, I need to rent a computer at the computer shop to finish my type-written reports and research assignments, but now, I can access,
download, and edit my students’ research through my smartphone.)
3. Mobile Technologies – Similar with the fashion styles, mobile technologies, such as smartphones and tablets, change and improve not just
yearly, but every time. It becomes popular because of its capability to do tasks that were originally found in personal computers. Mobile
devices use 4G Networking (LTE) and come along with different operating systems:
3.1. iOs – for Apple devices
3.2. Android – an open source operating system developed by Google
3.3. Blackberry OS – for Blackberry devices
3.4. Windows Phone OS – a closed source and proprietary operating system developed by Microsoft
3.5. Symbian – for Nokia devices
3.6. WebOS – for smart TVs
3.7. Windows Mobile – developed by Microsoft for smartphones and pocket PCs
4. Assistive Media – Have you watch the movie “Unfriended: Dark Web”? The main character used an assistive media called “Papaya” to
communicate with his deaf and mute girlfriend. This trend refers to a group of software and hardware devices to help people with disabilities.
MALWARE - This term came from the blended words “malicious” and “software”.
TYPES OF MALWARE
1. Virus – It is malicious program that usually transfer from one device to another with the aid of the Internet and local networks, but commonly
through data storage such as flash drives or hard drive.
2. Worm – Unlike the virus, this malware replicates itself and can transfer by any type of means, but more often through computer network.
Remember the ILOVEYOU worm, known as Love Bug, that infected 45 million machines across the globe, including the Pentagon, within
24 hours last May 4, 2000? (Computer Weekly, 2020.) When the victim opens the attachment, an e-mail entitled LOVE-LETTER-FOR-
YOU, the malware automatically send itself to all the victim’s Microsoft Outlook contacts.
3. Trojan – Tracing its name origin, it can be link to the mythology story about how Trojan fell because of Greeks’ wooden horse (Hamilton
1942, 206). Like the Odysseus’ strategy, this malicious program disguised as a useful program, however left your devices unprotected and
became vulnerable to other malwares once you accessed or downloaded it.
4. Spyware – a malicious program that monitors the device, and the actions of the user without its knowledge. Another example, the keylogger
steals sensitive information using the recorded user’s keystrokes.
5. Adware – this program automatically sends pop-ups advertisements.
CYBERCRIME
1. Hacking – it is unauthorized accessing of data from a computer network. Mostly, hackers attack commercial and government sites to cause an alarm
or to threat someone.
2. Sport Betting – it is an illegal act of gambling on any sports event that happened over the Internet.
3. Non-Delivery of Merchandise – a deceiving act which the culprit posted a product or service on the Internet. Once the victim placed its payment,
the culprit does not give the item or service.
4. Electronic Harassment – an anonymous criminal who harass, abuse, threat, or annoy other people. One example of this is cyberbullying or the
repeated harassment that usually happens among the youth, and from the past years, becomes the main cause of suicide cases.
5. Child Pornography – Based on Republic Act no 9775 or known as AntiChild Pornography Act of 2009, it is an act of real or simulated explicit
sexual activities that involves any child aged 18 and below and it is penalized depending on the offender. If it is the parent or relative of the child,
they’ll receive the maximum penalty.
6. Prostitution – it is an illegal act engage in any sexual activities.
7. Criminal Copyright Infringement – it is an unauthorized use or stealing of intellectual property, such as movies and music, for profitable benefit.
Sometimes, students violate it through plagiarism.
Digital citizenship is the way we think, act and be online. There's a certain set of standards that we must follow when we're online and that's called
netiquette.
Any original creation—an invention, a form of literary work, or a research—has what we call intellectual property (IP).
Intellectual property has 6 forms based on the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), namely:
1. Copyright – It is the owner's legal right to literary or creative work and has a logo C or © attached on it.
2. Patent – A creator's exclusive right on his invention. With that the owner can decide how the invention will be used by others.
3. Trademark – It is a sign used to distinguish good or service within a company and it used this ™ logo.
4. Industrial Design – This is a distinct aesthetic (visual) feature of a company, such as the curved bottle shape, the black check mark on the rubber
shoes, etc.
5. Geographical Indication – The manufacturer of the products used if they have distinct qualities and a reputation or identity characteristics, such as
yema cake made in Quezon Province, footwear from Marikina, etc.
6. Trade Secret – This is an intellectual property right on any sensitive or confidential information which may be available for sale.
Fair use is permission to use works that are protected by copyright, such as books, music and lyrics, etc. for the following purposes: teaching, news
reporting, criticizing or commenting, and comedy or parody.

MAIL MERGE AND LABEL GENERATION

This module will allow you to learn one of the most powerful and commonly used features of Microsoft Word called “Mail Merge”. You will create
documents and combine or merge them in another document or data file. It is commonly used when sending out advertising materials to various
recipients.
TWO COMPONENTS OF MAIL MERGE
1. Form Document ✓ The document that contains the main body of the message we want to convey or send.
✓ The main body is the part of the document that remains the same no matter whom you’ll send it from the list.
✓ The Place holders are also included in the form document which is also referred as data fields or merge fields.
2. List or Data File ✓ The second component of mail merge.
✓ This is where individual component or data that needs to be plugged in (merged) to the form document is placed and
maintained.
✓ One can easily add, remove, modify or extract your data more efficiently by using other data management applications
like Excel or Access and import them in word during the mail merge process.
KINDS OF MATERIALS
1. Pictures. These are electronic or digital pictures or photographs you have saved in any local storage device. There are 3 most commonly used types
of picture files.
a. .JPG. Short for .jpeg or Joint Photographic Expert Group. Like all the rest of the image file extensions, it identifies the kind of data
compression process that it uses to make it more compatible and portable through the internet. This type of image file can support 16.6 million colors
that is why it is suitable for use when working with full color photographic images.
b. .GIF. This stands for Graphics Interchange Format. This image is capable of displaying transparencies. It is good for blending with
materials or elements in your document. It is capable of displaying simple animation. It can only support up to 256 colors which is good for logos and
decors with very limited or solid color.
c. .PNG. This pronounce as “ping”. It stands for Portable Network Graphics. Its development was basically for the purpose of
transporting images on the internet at fast rates. It does not support animation like .GIF. It can display up to about 16 million colors, so image quality
for this image file type is also remarkably improved.
2. Clip Art. This is generally a.GIF type; line art drawings or images used as generic representation for ideas and objects that can be integrate in the
document. Microsoft Word has a library of clip arts that is built in or can be downloaded freely.
3. Shapes. These are printable objects or materials that can be integrated in the document to enhance the appearance or to allow anyone to have some
tools to use for composing and representing ideas of messages.
4. Smart Art. These are predefined sets of different shapes grouped together to form ideas that are organizational or structural in nature. It is use to
graphically represent an organization, process relationship or flow for infographic documents.
5. Chart. It is useful when preparing reports that correlate and present data in a graphical manner. A chart can be created that can be integrated in
Microsoft word imported from Microsoft excel.
6. Screenshot. Microsoft Word provides a snipping tool for your screenshots so that you can select and display only the part that you exactly like to
capture in the screen
IMAGE PLACEMENT
1. In Line with Text. This is the default setting for images that are inserted or integrated in your document. It treats the image like a text font with the
bottom side totally aligned with the text line.
2. Square. This setting allows the image you inserted to be placed anywhere within the paragraph with the text going around the image in a square
pattern like a frame.
3. Tight. This is the same as the Square setting, but here are the text “hugs” or conforms to the general shape of the image. It allows you to get a more
creative effect on your document.
4. Through. This setting allows the text on your document to flow even tighter, taking the contours and shape of the image. This can be used with .GIF
or .PNG type of image.
5. Top and Bottom. This setting pushes the text away vertically to the top/and or the bottom of the image so that the image occupies a whole line on
its own.
6. Behind Text. This allows your image to be dragged and placed anywhere on your document but with all the text floating in front of the list of it
which makes your image looks like a background.
7. In Front of Text. This setting allows your image to be placed right on top of the text as if your image was dropped right on it, the text can be covered
by the image.
Your SUM formula will look like this =SUM(C4:E4)
The syntax for AVERAGE are =average(cell involved) and =averageif(range,criteria,[average range])
The syntax is =countif(range,criteria).

TYPES OF CHARTS AND THEIR USAGE

1. Column - the chart's horizontal axis which presents the categories being charted, while the vertical axis shows the charted values. Vertical
columns of varied colors rise from the horizontal axis to visually represent the desired data.
2. Bar – or bar charts are also essentially horizontal column charts. They organize the categories along the vertical axis and the values along
the horizontal axis. Horizontal bars stretch left to right across the chart to plot the data.
3. Line – or line charts use one or more horizontal lines to visually depict data points. It distributes categories evenly along the horizontal axis
and the vertical axis. The horizontal line connects the plotted points, providing a clear picture of data trends.
4. Pie – it divides a circle into slices to represent a data series. The chart depicts each slice in a different color for easy recognition of how the
individual slice relates to the greater whole.
5. Doughnut – it may seem similar to pie chart. It shows the relationship of individual parts to the greater whole but it actually features more
than one data series. Each data series in a circular ring, one inside the other and a hole in the middle like a doughnut. Instead of pie slices,
each ring has colored segments to represent data values.

PRESENTATION TOOL
1. Microsoft PowerPoint. It consists of a number of individual pages or "slides". The "slide" analogy is a reference to the slide projector which
contain text, graphics, sound, movies, and other objects arranged freely. The presentation can be printed, displayed live on a computer, or
navigated through at the command of the presenter.
2. Prezi. A visual storytelling software alternative to traditional slide-based presentation formats. Its feature is a map-like, schematic overview
that lets users pan between topics at will, zoom in on desired details, and pull back to reveal context.
3. Apple Keynote. A presentation software application developed as a part of the iWork productivity suite by Apple Inc. Began as a computer
program for Apple former CEO Steve Jobs to use in creating the presentations for Macworld Conference and Expo and other Apple keynote
events.
4. Google Slides. An online presentations app that allows you to show off your work in a visual way. With it, you can create and edit
presentations. Edit a presentation with friends or coworkers, and share it with others effortlessly.
5. Haiku Deck. A free app that makes presentations simple, beautiful, and fun. It is a powerful new application that uses artificial intelligence
to instantly transform your ideas into beautiful presentations.
6. PhotoSnack. Probably, this is the best free slideshow maker and an incredibly easy app you can use to make slideshows with music. Use it
to share important moments in your life with friends and family.

CREATING AN EFFECTIVE PRESENTATION

1. Minimize - keep slides count to a minimum to maintain a clear message and to keep the audience attentive.
2. Clarity - avoid being fancy by using a font style that is easy to read. Make sure that it is big enough to be read by the audience. Also, consider how
big the screen is during the report. A font size of 72 is about an inch (depends on the screen size). A one-inch letter is readable 10 feet away; a two-
inch letter is readable 20 feet away.
3. Simplicity - use bullets or short sentences. Summarize the information on the screen to have your audience focus on what the speaker is saying than
on reading the slide. Follow 6-7 rule (6 lines 7 words).
4. Visuals - use graphics to help in your presentation but not too many to distract the audience. Instead of using table of data, use charts and graphs.
5. Consistency - make your design uniform. Avoid having different font styles and backgrounds.
6. Contrast - use light font on dark background or vice versa. This is done so that it is easier to read. It is easier to read on screen if the background is
dark. This is due to brightness of the screen.

USING HYPERLINKS IN MICROSOFT POWERPOINT

Using hyperlinks in presentation is an easy way to navigate slides during the presentation. It may be wise to insert action buttons for most slides or
place hyperlinks to your Microsoft Excel in case the audience asks a specific question.
Graphic design involves a combination of images and text used to communicate information and messages to an audience. Graphic design is used to
produce billboards, brochures, logos, magazines, newspapers, packaging, and websites.

THE 6 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GRAPHIC DESIGN

1. Balance- The visual weight of objects, texture, colors, and space is evenly distributed on the screen.
Two kind of Balance
a. Symmetrical Balance- occurs when equal weights are on equal sides of a composition, balanced around a fulcrum or axis in the center.
Symmetrical balance evokes feelings of formality (it’s sometimes called formal balance) and elegance.
. Asymmetrical Balance-results from unequal visual weight on each side of the composition. One side of the composition might contain a
dominant element, which could be balanced by a couple or more lesser focal points on the other side. One visually heavy element on one side might
be balanced by a handful of lighter elements on the other. Asymmetrical balance is more dynamic and interesting
2. Emphasis- An area in the design that may appear different in size, texture, shape or color to attract the viewer's attention.
3. Movement - visual elements guide the viewer’s eyes around the screen.
4. Pattern, Repetition, and Rhythm. These are the repeating visual element on an image or layout to create unity in the layout or image. Rhythm is
achieved when visual elements create a sense of organized movement.
5. Proportion- Visual elements create a sense of unity where they relate well with one another.
6. Variety – This uses several design elements to draw a viewer’s attention.

INFOGRAPHICS
It also known as Information Graphics, these are used to represent information, statistical data or knowledge in a graphical manner usually done in a
creative way to attract the viewer’s attention. Infographics make complex data become more visually appealing to an average user. Piktochart is an
online app that allows you to create your own infographics.

5 PRINCIPLES IN MAKING AN EFFECTIVE INFOGRAPHIC DESIGN

1. Be Unique- Create an original and unique design to get the viewer’s attention. The use of the colors, fonts, images, ad text the design should be
unique.
2. Make it Simple- Colors, layout, design should be used consistently.
3. Be Creative and Bold- be creative by the use of your imagination to create something unique.
4. Less is More- minimizes the information that the viewers need to do to understand the main idea of your infographics
5. The Importance of Getting It Across- Make sure you’re creating an infographic that the content must be related to the title and understand the
message so that the viewers can easily navigate the information without being confused.
A web page is a document created for the World Wide Web (www) that can be accessed via a web browser such as Firefox, Google Chrome, Microsoft
Edge, or Apple’s Safari. It may include many types of data or resources that you can see, hear, and interact with. A web page could include text,
graphics, sound, video, and animation.

BASIC WEB DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS

Web design is a concept where websites are planned, created, updated, and maintained. A good website design allows the user to understand the
message, contents, and ideas in the most convenient way.
WEB DESIGN ELEMENTS
In order to create an attractive, technically sound and effective web design, elements must be organized in a manner that is pleasing to the eye, well-
coordinated, and that maintains good balance between elements.
1. Text – font family and type must be chosen correctly, simply, and in readable format.
2. Graphics/Illustrations – must be of high quality and the text and other elements must be well organized.
3. Shapes – may be used to exemplify an enclosed boundary in the web page’s overall layout. Any type, such as normal geometric or abstract shape,
that can be positioned that match the user’s design can be placed. You should play with whatever shape you consider is appropriate.
4. Background – or texture will help provide your website with a feeling of a surface underneath. To make it look more attractive, this feature must
be used to bring out the content offered on the website.
5. Color – must blend well and go with the elements on the page. It will help to achieve this effect by using bright and bold colors that attract but don’t
disrupt too much.
6. Video/Audio – can help viewers understand quickly what you are teaching or selling. 7. Links – will enable users to connect to another site or page
that is related to the content of your page or site.

PARTS OF A WEBSITE
1. The Header A website’s header or banner is the consistent section at the top of the site with the logo and navigation menu in it. It is a zone
at the top of the page that stays constant and visible as visitors click around your site.
A header might include: ▪ Logo ▪ Phone number ▪ Navigation menu ▪ Buttons ▪ Address ▪ Social media icons ▪ Tagline ▪ Search box
▪ Login or My Account link
2. The Menu System These are the hyperlinks at the top of the page to help you find what you’re searching for. Typically, the navigation links
are in or just below the header for convenient access. For certain situations, putting the navigation bar vertically on the left side of each page
might be sensible.
Common menu found in a website:
a. Home - A home page is a web page that serves as the starting point of website. This is usually the main web page that a user can see while
heading to a website from a search engine, and it may also serve as a landing page for attracting web users.
b. About - The primary purpose of your site's About Us page is to provide information about your website and what it can do or deliver.
c. Contact - A contact page is a common web page on a website that allows visitors to contact the organization or individual providing the
website.
3. The Content Area This is where the main content of the web page is positioned. Content can be in a number of different forms such as text,
images, video and Flash movies. Sound can also be inserted in a web page such as background music. Website content is the information
your visitors consume.
4. Sidebar A sidebar is website region used to view information that is not part of the main content of the page. A sidebar can include an opt-
in, call to action, links to other parts of the website, links to popular or recent blog posts, ads, social media links, or a brief “About” paragraph
for context.
5. The Footer A footer serves the same function as the header — it’s a region on a website that’s constant from page to page — except a footer
is at the bottom of a page, rather than at the top. The following information may be included in the footer: copyright information, contact
details, a map, links, opt-ins, social icons, a search box, and many more.

WHAT YOU SEE IS WHAT YOU GET

This is where the WYSIWYG editor comes in. Whatever you write, insert, draw, put, rearrange, and everything you do on a page is what the
audience will see. With the use of WYSIWYG editor, everyone can create their own website even without prior programming skill. The best thing
is it’s quick and simple to use. WYSIWYG editor makes creating a website a fun thing to do. There are WYSIWYG editors that need to be used
with internet connection.

NOTE: Practice the STEPS in mail merging, formulating in excel and hyperlinking in PPT.
Try to be familiarize in navigating google drive, google forms and google slides.