EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY
The owner of the website is not
LESSON 1: Introduction to Information and
Communication Technologies
Information and Communication Technologies
Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
deals with the use of different communication
technologies such as mobile phones, telephone,
Internet, etc. to locate, save, send and edit information.
ICT in the Philippines
1. “ICT Hub of Asia”
2. 106.8 cellphones per 100 Filipinos
3. ICT industry shares 19.3% of the total employment
population
4. Time Magazine’s “The Selfiest Cities Around the
World”
WEB 1.0
When the World Wide Web was invented, most web
pages were static. Static (also known as flat page or
stationary page) in the sense that the page is “as is”
and cannot be manipulated by the user. The content is
also the same for all users. This is referred to as Web
1.0. The Inventor of WWW is Tim Berners-Lee.
Web 2.0 Dynamic Web Page
Web 2.0 is the evolution of Web 1.0 by adding
dynamic web pages—the user is able to see a website
differently than others. Examples of Web 2.0 include
social networking sites, blogs, wikis, video sharing
sites, hosted services, and web applications.
Web 2.0 allows users to interact with the page: instead
of just reading a page, the user may be able to
comment or create a user account. Web 2.0 also allows
users to use web browsers instead of just using their
operating system. Browsers can now be used for their
user interface, application software (or web
applications), and even for file storage.
Most websites that we visit today are Web 2.0.
Features of Web 2.
1. Folksonomy. It allows users to categorize and
classify/arrange information using freely chosen
keywords (e.g., tagging). Popular social networking
sites such as Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, etc. use
tags that start with the pound sign (#). This is also
referred to as hashtag.
2. Rich User Experience. Content is dynamic and is
responsive to user’s input. An example would be a
website that shows local content. In the case of social
networking sites, when logged on, your account is
used to modify what you see in their website.
3. Long Tail. Services are offered on demand rather
than on a one-time purchase. In certain cases, time-
based pricing is better than file-size-based pricing or
vice versa. This is synonymous to subscribing to a data
plan that charges you for the amount of time you spent
in the Internet, or a data plan that charges you for the
amount of bandwidth you used.
4. User Participation.
the only one who is able to put content. Others are able
to place a content of their own by means of comment,
reviews, and evaluation. Some websites allow readers
to comment on an article, participate in a poll, or
review a specific product (e.g., Amazon.com, online
stores).
5. Software as a Service. Users will subscribe to a
software only when needed rather than purchasing
them. This is a cheaper option if you do not always
need to use a software. For instance, Google Docs is a
free web-based application that allows the user to
create and edit word processing and spreadsheet
documents online. When you need a software, like a
Word Processor, you can purchase it for a one-time
huge amount and install it in your computer and it is
yours forever. Software as a service allows you to
“rent” a software for a minimal fee.
6. Mass Participation. It is a diverse information
sharing through universal web access. Since most
users can use the Internet, Web 2.0’s content is based
on people from various cultures.
Web 3.0 And the semantic web
The Semantic Web is a movement led by the World
Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The W3C standard
encourages web developers to include semantic
content in their web pages.
According to the W3C, “The Semantic Web provides a
common framework that allows data to be shared and
reused across application, enterprise, and community
boundaries.”
The aim of Web 3.0 is to have machines (or servers)
understand the user’s preferences to be able to deliver
web content specifically targeting the user.
Several problems of web 3.0
1. Compatibility HTML files and current web
browsers could not support Web 3.0.
2. Security The user’s security is also in question
since the machine is saving his or her preferences.
3. Vastness The World Wide Web already contains
billions of web pages.
4. Vagueness Certain words are imprecise. The
words “old” and “small” would depend on the user.
5. Logic Since machines use logic, there are certain
limitations for a computer to be able to predict what
the user is referring to at a given time.
Trends in ICT
1. Convergence Technological convergence is the
synergy of technological advancements to work on a
similar goal or task.
2. Social Media is a website, application, or online
channels that enable web users to create, co-create,
discuss, modify, and exchange user-generated content.
Six Types of Social Media
1. Social Networks. These are sites that allow you to
connect with other people with the same interests or
background.
2. Bookmarking Sites. These are sites that allow you
to store and manage links to various websites and
resources.
3. Social News. These are sites that allow users to post
their own news items or links to other news sources.
4. Media Sharing. These are sites that allow you to
upload and share media content like images, music,
and video.
5. Microblogging. These are sites that focus on short
updates from the user.
6. Blogs and Forums. These websites allow users to
post their content.
3. Mobile Technologies The popularity of
smartphones and tablets has taken a major rise over the
years. This is largely because of the devices’ capability
to do tasks that were originally found in personal
computers.
Kinds of Operating systems:
a.iOS
b. Android
c.Blackberry OS
d.Windows Phone OS
e.Symbian
f.WebOS
g.Windows Mobile
4. Assistive Media Assistive media is a nonprofit
service designed to help people who have visual and
reading impairments. A database of audio recordings is
used to read to the user.
LESSON 2: Rules of Netiquette
Online Safety and Security
The Internet, truly, is a powerful tool. It can be used to
promote your business, gain new friends, and stay in
touch with the old ones. It is also a source of
entertainment. But like most things in this world, there
is always “another side of the coin.” The Internet is
one of the most dangerous places, especially if you do
not know what you are doing.
Internet Threats:
1. Malware – stands for malicious software
Types:
a. Virus – a malicious program designed to replicate
itself and transfer from one computer to another either
through the Internet and local networks or data storage
like flash drives and CDs
b. Worm – a malicious program that transfers from
one computer to another by any type of means. Often,
it uses a computer network to spread itself.
c. Trojan – a malicious program that is disguised as a
useful program but once downloaded or installed,
leaves your PC unprotected and allows hackers to get
your information.
d. Spyware – a program that runs in the background
without you knowing it (thus called “spy”). It has the
ability to monitor what you are currently doing and
typing through keylogging.
*Keyloggers – used to record the keystroke done by
the users. This is done to steal their password or any
other sensitive information. It can record email,
messages, or any information you type using your
keyboard.
e. Adware – a program designed to send you
advertisements, mostly as pop-ups.
2. Spam – unwanted email mostly from bots or
advertisers. It can be used to send malware.
3. Phishing – Its goal is to acquire sensitive personal
information like passwords and credit card details.
Copyright infringement
If you create something—an idea, an invention, a form
of literary work, or a research, you have the right of
how it should be used by others. This is called
intellectual property.
Some tips that could help you avoid copyright
infringement
1.Understand. Copyright protects literary works,
photographs, paintings, drawings, films, music (and
lyrics), choreography, and sculptures.
2.Be Responsible.
3.Be Creative.
4.Know the Law.
Online Research
1.Have a question in mind.
2.Narrow it down.
3.Advanced Search.
4.Look for a credible source
LESSON 3: Advanced Word Processing Skills
Two Components of Mail Merge:
1. Form Document
The document that contains the main body of
the message we want to convey or send.
2. List or Data File
This is where the individual information or
data that needs to be plugged in (merged) to our form
document is placed and maintained.
Label Generation
It creates a blank form document that simulates either
a blank label or envelope of pre-defined size and will
use the data file that you selected to print the
information, typically, individual addresses.
Integrating Images and External Materials
Kinds of Materials:
1.Pictures. Generally, these are electronic or digital
pictures or photographs you have saved in any local
storage device.
a. JPG – this is pronounced as “jay-peg”, and is the
short form for .jpeg or Joint Photographic Experts
Group. This type of image file can support 16.7
million colors that is why it is suitable for use when
working with full color photographic images.
b. .GIF - this stands for Graphic Interchange Format.
This type is capable of displaying transparencies.
Therefore, it is good for blending with other materials
or elements in your document.
c. .PNG – this is pronounced as “ping” which means
Portable Network Graphics. It does not support
animation but it can display up to about 16 million
colors.
2. Clip Art. This is generally a .GIF type; line art
drawings or images used as generic representation for
ideas and objects that you might want to integrate in
your document.
3. Shapes. These are printable objects or materials that
you can integrate in your document to enhance its
appearance or to allow you to have some tools to use
for composing and representing ideas or messages.
4. Smart Art. Generally, these are predefined sets of
different shapes grouped together to form ideas that
are organizational or structural in nature.
5. Chart. Another type of material that you can
integrate in your Word document that allows you to
represent data characteristics and trends.
6. Screenshot. Sometimes, creating reports or manuals
for training or procedure will require the integration of
a more realistic image of what you are discussing on
your report or manual.
Image Placement
1. In Line with Text. This is the default settings for
images that are inserted or integrated. It treats your
image like a text font with the bottomside totally
aligned with the text line.
2. Square – This setting allows the image you inserted
to be placed anywhere within the paragraph with the
text going around the image in a square pattern like a
frame.
3. Tight – this is almost the same as the square setting,
but here the text “hugs” or conforms to the general
shape of the image.
4. Through – This setting allows the text on your
document to flow even tighter, taking the contours and
shape of the image.
5. Top and Bottom – this setting pushes the texts
away vertically to the top and/or the bottom of the
image.
6. Behind Text – This allows your image to be
dragged and placed anywhere on your document but
with all text floating in front of it.
7. In Front of Text – As it suggest, this setting allows
your image to be placed right on top of the text as if
your image was dropped right on it.
Lesson 4: Advanced Spreadsheet Skills
Microsoft Excel provides an automated way of
displaying any statistical data. It can be used to
automatically compute for several factors that are not
easy to notice especially when faced by a large data.
Microsoft Excel includes several arithmetic and basic
functions that help you compute faster.
COUNT – a function used to count the cells with
content in a range.
syntax: =count(value1,value2,…)
SUM – a function used to compute for the summation
of the number of a range.
syntax: = sum(value1,value2,…)
AVERAGE – a function used to compute for the
average of the number of a range.
syntax: =average(cell involved)
COUNTIF – a function used to count the cells with a
specified content within a range.
SUMIF – a function used to compute for the
summation of a range if a certain condition is met.
AVERAGEIF – a function used to compute for the
average of a range if a certain condition is met.
Lesson 5: Advanced Presentation Skills
Creating an Effective Presentation
1. Minimize. Keep slide counts to a minimum to
maintain a clear message and to keep the audience
attentive.
2. Clarity. Avoid being fancy by using a font style that
is hard to read. 72 is to 10ft
3. Simplicity. Use bullets or short sentences.
Summarize the information on the screen. Use the 6 x
7 rule.
4. Visuals. Use graphics to help in your presentation.
5. Consistency. Make your design uniform.
6. Contrast. Use light font on dark background.
Using Hyperlinks in Microsoft PowerPoint:
Link to Options:
a. Existing File or Web Page – creates a hyperlink to
website or a local file saved in your hard drive. Just
browse your file in the dialog box or type the web
address.
b. Place in This Document – creates a hyperlink that
allows you to jump to a specific slide in your
presentation.
c. Create a New Document – creates a hyperlink that
once clicked, creates a new document on your
specified location.
d. E-mail Address – creates a hyperlink that opens
Microsoft Outlook that automatically adds your
specified recipient on a new email.
Embedding Objects in Microsoft PowerPoint
Embedding objects is easy using PowerPoint
Presentation. With this option, you can insert an Excel
file that would look like a table to a PowerPoint
Presentation.
Embedding an Excel File to your PowerPoint
Presentation
Options:
a. Create New – creates a new file from scratch. You
can select on a wide variety of files listed.
b. Create from File – creates a file from an existing
file saved on your hard drive; simply browse the file to
use it.
Lesson 6: Imaging and Design for Online
Environment
Basic Principles of Graphics and Layout
1. Balance. The visual weight of objects, texture,
colors, and space is evenly distributed on the screen.
2. Emphasis. An area in the design that may appear
different in size, texture, shape or color to attract the
viewer’s attention.
3. Movement. Visual elements guide the viewer’s eyes
around the screen.
4. Pattern, Repetition, and Rhythm. These are the
repeating visual element on an image or layout to
create unity in the layout or image. Rhythm is
achieved when visual elements create a sense of
organized movement.
5. Proportion. Visual elements create a sense of unity
where they relate well with one another.
6. Variety. This uses several design elements to draw
a viewer’s attention.
Infographics
Information graphics or infographics are used to
represent information, statistical data, or knowledge in
a graphical manner usually done in a creative way to
attract the viewer’s attention.
Creating Infographics using Piktochart
1. Graphics – allows you to insert lines, shapes,
icons,and even photos.
2. Uploads – allows you to upload images.
3. Background – changes the background of the block
4. Text – allows you insert text to your infographic.
5. Styles – allows you to modify the color scheme of
your infographic.
6. Tools – allows you to create charts.
to save your work in your computer, click on
Download and select the medium-sized and PNG file
type.
Principles and Basic Techniques of Image
Manipulation
1. Choose the right file format. Try to make a
real-life photograph into GIF to see the
difference between PNG, GIF, and JPEG.
Knowing the purpose is the key to finding out
the best file format.
2. Choose the right image size. A camera with
12 megapixels constitutes to a bigger image
size. Monitors have a resolution limit, so even
if you have a million megapixels, it will not
display everything.
3. Caption it. Remember to put a caption on
images whenever possible. If it is not related
to the web page, then remove it.
Creating and Manipulating Images using
PhotoScape
- PhotoScape is a good tool because it is feasible for
beginners and advanced users alike.
- On PhotoScape’s main screen, you will see the
many features it has that you can use for creating web
content as follows:
1. Viewer – as the name implies, is a picture viewer.
2. Editor – alters the appearance of a single image.
3. Batch Editor – alters the appearance of multiple
images.
4. Page – arranges several photos to create a single one
5. Combine – links several images together to form a
bigger image.
6. Animated GIF – Allows you to create an animated
image from several pictures.
7. Print – readies picture for printing.
8. Splitter – divides a single picture into multiple
parts.
9. Screen Capture – captures the screen.
10.Color Picker – grabs a pixel from your screen to be
used in editing
11. Raw Converter – converts Raw images to JPEG
12. Rename – allows you to rename a batch of photos
13. Paper Print – useful tool for printing your own
calendars, sheets, lined paper, etc.
Sharing Photos with Photobucket
a. View Uploads – views photos you just uploaded
which also grants you options to share and edit them
individually
b. Share Album – shares everything you just uploaded
plus the other contents of your specified folder
c. Edit Photos – uses Photobucket’s photo editing
tools to manipulate your image