ICT – Information Communication Technology
-refers to technologies that provide access to information
through telecommunications. It focuses primarily on
communication technologies.
ICT in the Philippines
Philippines as the ICT Hub of Asia
WWW (World Wide Web)
WEB 1.0 - cannot be manipulated by user. A static page or flat
page.
WEB 2.0 - Allows the user to interact with the page known as
dynamic page. It refers to the web pages that are affected by
user input or reference.
Features of Web 2.0
 Folksonomy - is the process of using digital
content tags for categorization or annotation.
 Rich user interface – content is dynamic and is
responsive to user’s input.
 User Participation – the owner of website is not
the only one who is able to put content.
 Long tail – services are offered on demand
rather than on a one-time purchase.
WEB 3.0 - It provides a data-driven Semantic Web employing a
machine-based understanding of data with the objective of
developing a more intelligent and connected web experience
for users.
Web 3.0 Several Issues and Problems
 Compatibility – HTML files and current web browsers
could not support web 3.0.
 Security – User’s Security is also question since the
machine is saving his or her preferences.
 Vastness – The WWW already contains billions of
web pages.
 Vagueness – Certain words are imprecise. The words
“old” and “small” would depend to the user.
 Logic – since machines use logic, there are certain
limitations for a computer to be able to predict what
the user is referring to at a given time
Computer is an electronic device that can accept raw data as
input, manipulate or process it to produce output.
 Hardware refers to the tangible component of the
computer system. This can be monitor, keyboard,
mouse, webcam, USB flash drive, speaker, headset,
microphone, or printer.
 Software refers to the intangible part of the
computer system. This can be the Microsoft Office
Application like MS Word, MS PowerPoint or MS
Excel or other applications used to produce output.
Online platform is defined as a digital service that facilitates
interactions between two or more distinct but interdependent
sets of users (whether firms or individuals) who interact
through the service via the Internet
Online systems are online versions of information systems,
which is “the process of and tools for storing, managing, using,
and gathering of data and communications in an organization.
Trends in ICT
Convergence - is the synergy of technological advancements
to work on a similar goal or task.
Social Media - are computer-mediated tools that allow people
or companies to create, share, or exchange information,
career interests, ideas, and pictures/videos in virtual
communities and networks.
Types of Social Media
 Social Network - sites that allow you to connect with
other people with the same interests or background.
 Bookmarking Site - sites that allow you to store and
manage links to various websites and resources.
Most of these sites allow you to create a tag that
allows you and others to easily search or share them.
 Social News - sites that allow users to post their own
news items or links to other news sources. The users
can also comment on the post and comments may
also be ranked.
 Media Sharing - sites that allow you to upload and
share media content like images, music, and video.
Most of these sites have additional social features
like liking, commenting, and having user profiles.
 Microblogging - sites that focus on short updates
from the user. Those subscribed to the user will be
able to receive these updates.
 Blogs and Forums - allow users to post their content.
Other users are able to comment on the said topic.
*Video conference - a live, visual connection between
two or more people residing in separate locations for the
purpose of communication.
Mobile Media - This refers to “media devices such as mobile
phones and PDA’s were the primary source of portable media
from which we could obtain information and communicate
with one another.
Different mobile devices with its corresponding operating
system.
 iOS - powers the iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch
 Android – an open-source OS developed by Google.
Being one source means mobile phone companies
use this OS for free. Powers Samsung and other
Android phones
 Blackberry OS – use in Blackberry devices.
 Windows Phone OS – a closed source and
proprietary operating system developed by
Microsoft.
 Symbian – the original smartphone OS used by Nokia
devices.
 WebOS – originally used in smartphones, now used
in SmartTVs.
Assistive Media which is a component under Assistive
technology (AT), which is a generic term used to refer to a
group of software or hardware devices by which people with
disabilities can access computers. is a non-profit service
designed to help people who have visual and reading
impairments.
Online Ethics and Etiquette
Online ethics focuses on the acceptable use of online
resources in an online social environment.
Netiquette is a combination of the words network and
etiquette and is defined as a set of rules for acceptable online
behavior.
Think before Click - Don’t hesitate to think before clicking
because you might click an unknown links or files that are
likely to contain malware which will infect your devices or a
link to hacker’s website. Think before clicking Like in social
media posts because it might be a suicide post that will end to
death because you liked his suicidal post.
Copyright - Is a form of protection for an author’s original
piece of work (a.ka. Intellectual Property Rights)
Internet - It is defined as the information superhighway. A
worldwide computer network that uses standardized
communication protocols to connect networks and provide a
range of information and communication services.
Online search is the process of interactively searching for and
retrieving requested information via a computer from
databases that are online.
Search engine is a service that allows internet users to search
for content via the World Wide Web (WWW).
Google is the best search engine worldwide.
Bing is the best alternative search engine to Google.
Yahoo is one of the most popular email providers.
CC Search searches across more than 300 million images from
open APIs and the Common Crawl dataset.
Private information is your sensitive personal information or
your identity such as your username and passwords or bank
accounts.
Republic Act 10173 or the Data Privacy Act of 2012
is to protect the fundamental human right of privacy, of
communication while ensuring free flow of information to
promote innovation and growth.
Internet Threats
Computer Viruses - are small programs or scripts that can
negatively affect the health of your computer.
Malware - stands for Mal icious Soft ware.
- software that is specifically designed to disrupt, damage, or
gain unauthorized access to a computer system.
Types of Malware
a. Virus - a malicious program designed to replicate
itself and transfer from one computer to another.
b. Worm -a malicious program that transfers from one
computer to another by any type of means.
 Onel De Guzman - The Filipino creator of one of
the most popular worm: ILOVEYOU worm. (“Love
bug worm”)
c. Trojan - a malicious program that is disguised as a
useful program but once downloaded or installed,
leaves your PC unprotected and allows hacker to get
you information
a. Rouge security software – tricks the user
into posting that is a security software. But
in reality they are not protected at all.
d. Spyware - a program that runs in the background
without you knowing it.
a. Keyloggers - used to record the keystroke
done by the user
e. Adware - a program designed to send you
advertisements, mostly as pop-ups.
a. Pop-ads - a type of window that appears on
top of (over) the browser window of a Web
site that a user has visited
Email Scam/Junk Mail/Spam Mail - Usually unsolicited
commercial email sent from an unknown source with identical
message sent to multiple recipients.
 Email Spoofing - is the creation of emails with a
forged sender address. The goal of email
spoofing is to get recipients to open, respond
and engage with the email message.
Phishing – is a deceitful practice of getting your personal
information using email or text messages. Scammers may try
to steal your passwords, account numbers, or Social Security
numbers.
Pharming - is a scamming practice in which malicious code is
installed on a personal computer or server, misdirecting users
to fraudulent Web sites without their knowledge or consent.
Hacker - a clever or expert programmer who can gain
unauthorized access to other computers.
Cybercrime - A crime in which computer is used as object and
tool in committing a crime such hacking, phishing, spamming,
child pornography, libel, hate crimes, identity thief and others,
or it is also can be an illegal acts done through the use of
Internet.
Cyberbullying - is bullying that takes place over digital devices
like cell phones, computers, and tablets.
Identity Theft - It is a crime of stealing personal information
for the purpose of assuming that person’s name or identity to
make any form of transactions.
Sports Betting - The act of wagering on any sports event over
the Internet.
Cyberstalking – is the same as physical stalking by giving
unwanted obsessive attention to a specific person like
following, secret surveillance, persistent and manipulative
calling and texting, and other means of approaching the victim
unexpectedly but cyber stalkers rely on online technology to
do it.
Blackmail/Extortion - The act of using internet to threaten or
damage someone's reputation to extort money or anything
else of value.
Flaming - is the act of saying mean things online, usually in ALL
CAPS, and often in a public forum with the intention to
humiliate
Microsoft Excel is one of the most preferred software by
investment bankers and financial analysts in data processing,
financial modelling and presentation, It is also used in
education and small businesses to make computations easier.
Microsoft PowerPoint is a powerful presentation software
that helps you produce an effective presentation in the form
of on-screen slides
Microsoft Word/word processor is an application that allows
users to create, edit, and print documents.
Chart also called as graph is a tool to visually present data in
different chart formats such as Bar, Pie, Line, Area, Doughnut,
or Radar charts.
Flash Fill automatically fills in values.
Function is a predefined formula with a friendly name. It
reduces lengthy manual entry of formulas.
Functions in Microsoft Excel
 SUMIF adds all cells that meet certain criteria.
 COUNTIF() function is used to count all cells that
meet certain criteria.
 MIN() function is used to get the minimum value
from the range of values.
 MAX() function is used to get the maximum
value from the range of values.
 IF() function is used to check whether a condition
is met, and returns one value if TRUE, and
another value if FALSE.
 AVERAGE() function is used to get the
average(arithmetic mean) value of its arguments.
 SUM() function is used to get the sum of all the
values.
 AVERAGEIF() a function used to compute for the
average of a range if a certain condition is met
Mail Merge - feature of Microsoft Word allows you to create
documents and combine them
with another document or data file.
Main Document - The document that contains the body of the
message we want to convey or send.
Data Source - It is your Excel spreadsheet containing the
names and addresses you want to merge into a Word
document from the Data Source.
Illustration in Microsoft Office is visualization or drawing that
is in the form of pictures, Clip Art, shapes, SmartArt, charts or
screen clippings.
Kinds of Materials
1. Pictures – these are electronic, “soft copy”, or digital
pictures you have saved in any local storage device. Three
common types of picture files:
a. .JPG – pronounced as “jay-peg”. Short term
for Joint Photographic Experts Group. This type
of image file can support 16.7 million colors.
Suitable for use when working with full color
photographic images.
b. .GIF – This stands for Graphics Interchange
Format. This type of image file is capable of
displaying transparencies and animation. It only
supports Only supports 256 colors.
c. .PNG – It stands for Portable Network Graphics.
It is capable of displaying transparencies but not
animation. It supports only 16 million colors.
2. Clipart - This is generally a .GIF type; line art drawings or
images used as generic representation for ideas and objects
that you might want to integrate in your document.
3. Shapes - These are printable objects or materials that you
can integrate in your document to enhance its appearance or
to allow you to have some tools to use for composing and
representing ideas or messages.
4. SmartArt - Generally, these are predefined sets of different
shapes grouped together to form ideas that are organizational
or structural in nature.
5. Chart - Another type of material that you can integrate in
your Word document that allows you to represent data
characteristics and trends.
6. Screenshots - Screenshot. Sometimes, creating reports or
manuals for training or procedure will require the integration
of a more realistic image of what you are discussing on your
report or manual.
Slide - is a single page of a presentation collectively, a group of
slides may be known as a slide deck. The shortcut key to insert
a new slide is Ctrl+M
Design Templates – are pre-designed graphic styles that you
can apply to your slides.
Slide Show Button - a collection of pages arranged in
sequence that contain text and images for presenting to an
audience. You may press F5 if you want to start your
presentation from the beginning.
Animation - is a set of effects which can be applied to text or
graphics within a slide.
Transitions - are motion effects that when in Slide Show view
add movement to your slides as you advance from one slide to
another
Presentation Views – These are the buttons that you use to
change views into normal, outline, slide sorter, notes page,
and reading views.
Normal View – a simplified layout of the page so you can
quickly key, edit, and format the text.
Notes Page View - displays your slides on the top portion of
the page, with the speaker notes for each slide in the notes
pane on the bottom of the pane.
Outline View - displays all of the text in a PowerPoint slide
show in outline form regardless of the design, objects and
animations.
Slide Sorter View – allows you to see thumbnails of all the
slides in your presentation to easily rearrange them.
Tips in Creating an Effective Presentation
1. Minimize - Keep slide counts to a minimum to maintain a
clear message and to keep the audience attentive
2. Clarity - Use a font style that is easy to read
3. Simplicity - Use bullets or short sentences
4. Visuals - Use graphics to help in your presentation but not
too many to distract the audience
5. Consistency - Make your design uniform
6. Contrast - Use light font on dark background or vice versa
Hyperlink allows you to easily navigate your slides during your
presentation. It allows you to link to another slide in the
current presentation, another slide in a different presentation,
another file or webpage, or email address.
Computer graphics are visual representations of data made
on a computer and is displayed on a computer screen or
monitor.
Layout is the arrangement of graphic elements on a page. An
effective graphics and layout contribute to the efficiency of
website.
Principles of Graphics and Layout
1. Balance – It describes the placement of elements of equal
weight on the page. The three types of balance are
symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial.
2. Movement – It describes the flow of elements on the page.
Visual elements guide the viewers’ eyes around the page.
3. Unity – the sense of oneness of the elements that creates
balance and harmony.
4. Repetition – It describes the consistent and balanced
repetition of a design or element.
5. Proximity – It describes the organization and relationship of
the elements included in the design.
6. Contrast – it is the combination of the opposing
characteristics of an element like color, size, thickness, and
among others. It allows emphasis on key elements.
7. Emphasis - An area in the design that catches viewer’s
attention. The area may appear different in size, color, texture
or shape
Information graphics or infographics are used to represent
information, statistical data, or knowledge in a graphical
manner usually done in a creative way to attract the
viewer’s attention.
An infographic should have the following characteristics:
1. Thesis/Story. The subject and the main idea of your
infographic must be clear.
2. Data. Data must be well-organized and supports the main
idea.
3. Simplicity. (color, style, and illustrations). You must be able
to create your own palette; your style must be able to attract
readers so as not to make your infographic full of text. Do not
use stock photos.
4. Sources. You must cite your sources so as to give credibility
to your data.
5. Branding/Shareability. Your infographic must be creative
and innovative.
Image File Formats
JPEG – Joint Photographic Experts Group. It is the most
popular image format used on the web. JPEG are very ‘lossy’
files where much of the information about the image is lost
from original state to keep the image file size small.
GIF – Graphics Interchange Format. It is limited to the 8-bit
palette with only 256 colors. GIF is best used for diagrams,
cartoons, and logos which use few colors and is the chosen Image Hosting Sites
format for animation effects. Imgur – It is a free image hosting site wherein you can
PNG – Portable Network Graphic. This file format is best with upload images from your computer. You can also edit
line art, text, and logo. It is capable to display transparencies. your images befire posting it online.
TIFF – Tagged Image File Format. It is considered as a high-
Flickr – It is an image social networking site. You can
quality image format, where all color and data information are
stored. However, it produces a very large file size and take save and manage your photos for it offers a 1 TB storage
huge disk consumption. capacity in your account.
PhotoScape - is a good tool because it is feasible for beginners Photobucket – It has almost similar features with Flickr
and advanced users alike. as you can upload and share your images over the
Features of PhotoScape:
internet through your account.
1. Viewer – as the name implies, is a picture viewer with
features the same with the most image viewers like changing SlickPic – It is an online image-hosting service that
image orientation. allows you to upload and store an unlimited number of
2. Editor – alters the appearance of a single image photos online. You can create as many albums, and it
3. Batch Editor – alters the appearance of multiple images also offers professional editing of image
4. Page – arranges several photos to create a single one;
similar to a mosaic Zenfolio – It is an online image-hosting site that does not
5. Combine – links several images together to form a bigger only allow you to upload image but also lets you create
image an online image website for your images.
6. Animated GIF – allows you to create an animated GIF from
several pictures
7. Print – readies pictures for printing
8. Splitter – divides a single photo into multiple parts
9. Screen Capture – captures the screen and saves it
10.Color Picker – grabs a pixel from your screen to be used in
editing
11.Raw Converter – converts RAW images (uncompressed
images usually from
digital camera to JPEG.
12.Rename – allows you to rename batch of photos
13.Paper Print – useful tool for printing your own calendars,
sheets, lined paper, graph paper, etc.

Principles and Basic Techniques of Image Manipulation

Cropping – It is a process of removing unwanted parts of the
image, focusing only on the subject.
Color Balance – In any image manipulating program, this
command will allow you to make changes in the mixture of
colors in an image.
Adjusting Brightness and Contrast – This command is the
most basic technique when adjusting the image tone
(highlights, shadows, and midtones).
Compression and Resizing – Compressing and Resizing an
image is an important aspect in image manipulation. Images
to be uploaded on the web must be pf the standard resolution
of 72 dpi (dots per inch) to maintain its image file size of 30-50
KB. If the image is for printing, set the maximum resolution to
300 dpi at set its physical printing size in inches.
Color Blending – Use the different special effects buttons
available in the different image editing software.
Combining Multiple Images – Compositions must be planned
and conceptualized first so that you will be able to render the
best image and message possible.

Online Graphics Software

BeFunky's photo editor, you can play with hundreds of
amazing photo effects that you can't find anywhere else, like
our world-famous Cartoonizer, oil painting, and pop art
effects.
Fotor. It is a multiplatform photo editing website. It offers a
wide range of effects and tools for editing images
Pixlr. It is also a multiplatform image editing program.
You can choose between the editor for editing images or
creating an original image right through the browser.
1. Title bar A.
2. Ribbon box
3. Name
4. Formula bar
5. Cell
6. Column
7. Row
8. Maximize
9. Minimize
10.Scroll bars