“Exploring the Reason behind Alcohol

and Cigarette Consumption among

Teenagers in Laak National High
School”

In Partial fulfillment of the requirements in

Practical Research I

Ma’am Jerelyn Graciano

Subject Teacher

MEMBERS:
Raymond Abalde
Kent Banagua
Cristine Vee Cajegas
Audi Mariel Getuya
Rudy Guillas
Ivy Robles
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the different essential elements: background of the study;
statement of the problem; scope and the delimitation, significance of the study;
theoretical framework; conceptual framework; and lastly, the definition of terms.

Background of the Study

Currently, teenagers get hooked to the bad influence of using cigarretes and
alcohol consumption due to environmental influences. No matter where a teenager
lives, that individual will encounter a lot of stimuli in their everyday life. On a daily basis,
a teenager will see people drinking alcoholic beverage and using addictive cigarettes
while having a good time. Also, this teenager sees a constant influence of fun alcohol
advertise on television. Moreover, it is possible when their parents have occasions
where alcohol and cigarettes are available. By the time someone confronts them about
having drink, curiosity is at peak levels.

During this time when it comes in exploring the reasons behind alcohol and
cigarettes consumption among teenagers. Nowadays, youth have been describe as a
sober generation of drinking and using alcohol. Environment has a significant influence
on growth and development of adolescents, also negative environment is a particular
hindrance to normal personality formation. In particular adolescents spend a significant
amount time around school and they are influenced more around by their school
environment. Adolescents are immature and therefore are susceptible to the Influence
of a negative environment, and this situation is being addressed by society. Therefore
they are more likely to be tempted by risky behaviors such as smoking and alcohol
drinking due to environmental influence ( Jinyoung Kim & Aeree Sohn, 2014).

The bad habits of teenagers and the factors perceiving them to engage such
habits where researched. According to Farid Ismayilov (2018), the core reasons that
trigger the use of cigarettes and alcohol consumption among teenagers are lack of
communication with parents, social pressure, curiousity and desire to escape from the
problems such as overthinking, anxiety, stress. This result is based on the research that
was conducted based on the survey quistionnaire in Azerbaijan.

Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and alcohol consumption have both

demonstrated a substantial correlation with smoking behavior. The process underlying
the link between smoking prevalence and SHS exposure is clarified in this study using
mediation analysis, as well as the degree to which workplace alcohol consumption
mediates this link. This study found that alcohol consumption is one of the channels that
mediates the link between smoking prevalence and SHS exposure. Our findings
indicate that the SF workplace policy has a cascading effect and demand that effective
alcohol use interventions be made since they may affect how the SF policy is
implemented (Haoxiang Lin et al., 2020).

The role of alcohol marketing and its potential link to early alcohol use among
youth is an associations between exposures to alcohol marketing and Filipino youths’
drinking prevalence and drunkenness. The purpose of this is to examine the prevalence
of alcohol marketing exposure in a nationally representative sample of youth in
Philippines and to examine if there are significant associations between alcohol
marketing and drunkenness among Filipino youth. Findings from this study will be
important for prevention and intervention efforts that seek to reduce alcohol use and
adverse health consequences among youth. Therefore, the result among participants,
23.3% reported current alcohol use and 20.7% reported drunkenness (Jane B. Palmier
et al., 2013).

Although there are several studies conducted on teenage smoking, the causes to
become smokers in adolescence remain unclear. Several factors were identified but the
extent of its influence still obscure. Therefore, the purpose of this national study is to
investigate the significant difference in the extent of influence on cigarette smoking
among teenagers in Baguio City (Joan cheruiyot et al., 2013). The study found out that
there was a significant difference in the extent of influence of factors when the
teenagers were grouped according to gender, the females smoked more than the
males. However, when grouped according to age (13-16 & 17-19), there was no
significant difference in their extent of influence. The teenagers were very much aware
of the effects of cigarette smoking on the biological, physical and social implications.
Despite this awareness, the drive to perform the behavior is strong.

A local study of Holy Child College of Davao regarding on Cigarettes Smoking

habits to young adults (Borres, Jhorica Erich et al., 2021). Smoking is thought to be
responsible for four million deaths worldwide each year (WHO, 2017). As the population
grows and tobacco consumption rises, the number of smokers is predicted to rise to 1.6
billion people by 2025. In addition, (World Bank, 2015) Tobacco and tobacco products
consumption, particularly smoking, is seen to impose a net social cost on society.
Tobacco consumption and smoking are increasingly thought to have reached epidemic
proportions. Cigarette smoking can impair practically every organ in the human body,
cause a slew of diseases, and have a negative impact on the health of smokers and
those who contact with them. In the long run, smoking causes more health problems,
such as an increased chance of stroke and brain damage. Nevertheless, it presents
findings from GYTS, which where conducted in the Philippines in the Philippines in 2000
and 2003 and revealed significant decreases in the proportions of students aged 13-15
who smoked cigarettes, used other tobacco products.

Thus, this study aims to explore the reason behind alcohol and cigarette
consumption among students in Laak National High School.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to explore the reasons behind alcohol and cigarettes
consumption among teenagers in Laak National High School. Specifically, it seeks to
answer the following questions:

1. What are the factors that influence students in consuming alcohol and
cigarettes?
 2. Why do students smoke and drink alcoholic beverage?
3. What are the changes among the teenagers who drink and smoke?

Scope and Delimitation

This study focused mainly on exploring the reasons behind Alcohol and
Cigarettes consumption among teenagers in Laak National High Scool. This study will
be conducted during the second semester of school year 2022-2023.

This study was limited to teenagers or students of Laak National High School.
Student engagement was delimited only to behavioral, emotional, and cognitive
engagement which is highly based on Engagement Theory.

This study utilized a qualitative research design. This study will follow an informal
interview, through face-to-face, the researchers will conduct an interview utilizing a
customized survey questionnaire, which will be used to collect the necessary for this
study.

Significance of the Study

The purpose of this study is to explore the reason behind alcohol and cigarette
consumption among teenagers in Laak National High School. This study is conducted to
assess the students or teenagers’ experiences about using alcohol and cigerette
smoking. Therefore, the following will benefit the study.

Students. The result will provide the student some knowledge on how they going
to control themselves in drinking alcohol and smoking especially how it can be
avoided.

Parents. Bacause through this study, they will be able to see theirq children’s
smoking and drinking alcohol. The findings would also help them learn the
actions of their children.
 Teachers. The given data would guide teachers on what to do with the students
who smoke and drink alcohol. The teachers would be able to understand on why
some students and teenagers smoke and drink, later on they can help them.

Administrator. This will be guide administrators to know what is currently

happening at school and help students who drink and smoke to avoid it.

Future Researchers. Since, this study can server as a future source lf data that
may help them in their own studies.

Theoretical Framework

The theories that will be discussed in this chapter has begin with the main theory
and followed by the umbrella theories. It will all serve as the foundation of the study.

Alcohol and Cigarette Consumption Theory.(Hoffman et al., 2001) Discusses

that much of the research in this area has focused on concurrent use of cigarettes and
alcohol, which predicts a variety of problems, both during adolescence and beyond. For
example, it has been found that youth who smoke and drink have an increased risk of
having difficulties at school, and delinquency.

Lewin’s Field Theory. Lewin’s Field Theory tells that environment is an

important factor in determining human behaviour, and it may influence deviant
adolescent behaviour such as alcohol drinking and smoking.

First Substances Consumed By Adolescents. (Vega and Gil 2005) Tobacco

and alcohol, often referred as the first substances consumed by adolescents. This is
likely influenced by their ready availability along with other sociocultural (e.g., peer
influences, acculturation) and biological factors (e.g., family history of substance use
disorders).

(Orlando et al. 2005) Adolescents who report consistent smoking and drinking
have higher rates of deviant behavior and violence and are more likely to have legal and
substance use problems in their 20s than those who consistently drink but do not
regularly smoke.
 Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

• Variable use

- Alcohol and  Interview

Cigarettes ____________ __________

Figure 1. The Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

Definitions of Terms

Alcohol - a colorless volatile flammable liquid that is produced by the natural

fermentation of sugars and is the intoxicating constituent of wine, beer, spirits, and other
drinks, and is also used as an industrial solvent and as fuel.

Cascading effect is an unforeseen chain of events that occurs when an event in a

system has a negative impact on other, related systems.

Cigarette - A tube-shaped tobacco product that is made of finely cut, cured tobacco
leaves wrapped in thin paper. It may also have other ingredients, including substances
to add different flavors. A cigarette is lit on one end and smoked, and the smoke
isusually inhaled into the lungs. Cigarettes contain nicotine and many cancer-causing
chemicals that are harmful to both smokers and nonsmokers. Smoking cigarettes can
lead to nicotine addiction and can cause many types of cancer.

Delinquency - minor crime , espicially that committed by young people.

Drunkenness – a temporary state resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol.

Social Pressures - are the combined pressures that are around you during everyday
life such as Peer Pressure, Academic Pressures and Socioeconomic Pressure.

Smoking - the act of inhaling and exhaling the fumes of burning plant material.

Stimuli – a plural noun of stimulus, an interesting and exciting quality.

Stress - can be defined as a state of worry or mental tension caused by a difficult

situation. Stress is a natural human response that prompts us to address challenges
and threats in our lives. Everyone experiences stress to some degree.

Teenager - a person aged between 13 and 19 years.