THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ON SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

OF BOBON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

A Research Proposal
Presented to
Bobon National High School
Senior High School
City of Mati
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Subject
Practical Research 2
By
Glendel John Manuel
Researcher
Mila Mae M. Mahumot
Practical Research 2 Adviser

JANUARY 2024
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Alcohol consumption among high school students is a significant public health

concern due to its association with various negative consequences, including poor academic
performance, engagement in risky behaviors, and adverse health outcomes (Doumas et al.,
2017; Nixon & McClain, 2010). Adolescence is considered a critical period for the
development of alcohol use disorders, as the rewarding effects of alcohol may be more
pronounced in this age group, potentially leading to future alcohol-seeking behavior (Nixon
& McClain, 2010). Despite the prevalence of alcohol consumption among high school
students, there is a research gap in understanding the effectiveness of school alcohol policies
and the implementation of interventions targeting senior high school students.

Understanding the effects of alcohol on senior high school students is crucial for
developing targeted interventions to mitigate the negative consequences associated with
alcohol consumption. Previous research has highlighted the need for personalized feedback
interventions and web-based interventions to reduce problem alcohol use among high school
seniors (Doumas et al., 2017; Doumas & Esp, 2019). Additionally, the influence of family,
peer groups, and cultural norms on alcohol consumption among adolescents underscores the
importance of considering social and environmental factors in addressing this issue
(Hamilton-Ekeke & Moses, 2019; West et al., 2013).

The significance of this study lies in its potential to inform evidence-based

interventions and policies tailored to the specific needs of senior high school students at
Bobon National High School. By identifying the factors associated with alcohol consumption
and assessing the effectiveness of existing school alcohol policies, this research can
contribute to the development of targeted interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm among
high school students. Moreover, the findings of this study can provide valuable insights for
educators, policymakers, and healthcare professionals in designing and implementing
effective alcohol prevention programs in the school setting, ultimately promoting the well-
being and academic success of senior high school students.
Statement of the Problem

It specifically aims to answer the questions:

1. What is the level of awareness and understanding about the effects of alcohol among
Senior High School students at Bobon National High School?

2. How does alcohol consumption impact their academic performance, health, and social
relationships?

Objective of the Study

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of alcohol on Senior High School
students of Bobon National High School and their understanding of its effects.

Specifically, it aims to:

a.) Understand the students' current level of knowledge about the effects of alcohol on their
health, academic performance, and social interactions.

b.) Assess the students' awareness about the risks associated with alcohol consumption.

c.) Determine the students' attitudes towards alcohol use and its potential consequences.

d.) Evaluate the influence of peer pressure and societal perceptions on the students' drinking
habits.

e.) Identify the students' sources of information about alcohol and assess the accuracy of this
information.

f.) Measure the effectiveness of existing alcohol education programs, if any, in the school.

Significance of the Study

This study is of significant importance across multiple aspects. It primarily focuses on

understanding the effects of alcohol on Senior High School students at Bobon National High
School, given the increasing concern over underage drinking.

The results of this study will be beneficial to the following:

 To the Students, this study will equip them with knowledge about the effects of
alcohol, its risks, and potential consequences. This understanding will enable them to make
informed decisions, thereby potentially reducing alcohol-related issues among their peers and
communities.

To Bobon National High School, this study will provide an opportunity to

understand the current level of alcohol consumption and awareness among its students. The
findings will serve as a foundation for implementing effective alcohol education programs,
contributing to the overall health and wellbeing of the students.

To the Teachers, the results of this study will provide insights into the students'
understanding of alcohol. This information can guide them in delivering effective education
about alcohol, tailoring their teaching methods to address misconceptions and increase
awareness.

To the Parents, this study will provide them with an understanding of the importance
of alcohol education for their children. It can encourage open discussions about alcohol at
home, thereby complementing the school's efforts in raising awareness.

To the Department of Education, the findings of this study can serve as a reference
for developing and implementing alcohol education programs in other schools, particularly in
rural areas.

To Future Researchers, this study can serve as a reference for similar research topics
or for further studies on alcohol education programs in schools. It can contribute to the
existing literature on alcohol awareness in the Philippines, particularly in rural areas.

Scope and Delimitation

This study is conducted within Bobon National High School, focusing on a selected
group of Senior High School students. The primary objective is to assess their understanding
and attitudes towards alcohol consumption. Information will be gathered through a survey
and personal interviews. In addition, the study will explore the students' sources of
information about alcohol, their perceptions of its effects, and the influence of their social
environment on their drinking habits.
Theoretical Framework

The theoretical framework for understanding the effect of alcohol on senior high
school students of Bobon National High School can be drawn from the study by (Doumas et
al., 2017). The study conducted a randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of a brief
online alcohol intervention for high school seniors. The findings indicated that providing a
brief, web-based personalized feedback intervention in the school setting is a promising
approach for reducing problem alcohol use among high school seniors who report recent
heavy episodic drinking (Doumas et al., 2017). This framework is relevant as it provides
insights into the effectiveness of an intervention specifically targeted at high school seniors,
which aligns with the focus on senior high school students in the theoretical framework.

The study by Doumas et al. (2017) is particularly appropriate for the theoretical
framework as it addresses the specific age group and setting of the students under
consideration. The research supports the idea that school-based interventions can have a
positive impact on reducing alcohol use among high school seniors, which is crucial for
understanding the potential strategies for addressing alcohol-related issues among senior high
school students. Additionally, the study's focus on personalized feedback intervention aligns
with the need for tailored approaches to address alcohol use among high school students,
making it a suitable reference for developing the theoretical framework.

Definition of Terms

The definition of terms section in a study provides a comprehensive explanation of

technical terminology used in the research to ensure clarity and understanding. In the study
titled "The Effect of Alcohol on Senior High School Students of Bobon National High
School," the following terms are defined:

1. Alcohol: A psychoactive substance that is commonly consumed in beverages and can have
various effects on the body and mind.

2. Senior High School Students: Refers to students who are in their final years of high
school education, typically in grades 11 and 12.

3. Bobon National High School: The specific high school where the study is conducted,
located in a particular geographical area.
4. Alcohol Consumption: The act of consuming alcoholic beverages, which involves the
ingestion of alcohol into the body.

5. Public Health Concern: Refers to an issue or problem that affects the health and well-
being of the general population, requiring attention and intervention from public health
authorities.

6. Negative Consequences: Refers to the adverse effects or outcomes that can result from
alcohol consumption, such as poor academic performance, engagement in risky behaviors,
and adverse health outcomes.

7. School Alcohol Policies: Refers to the rules, regulations, and guidelines implemented by
educational institutions to regulate and address alcohol consumption among students.

8. Interventions: Refers to actions or strategies implemented to address a particular issue or

problem, in this case, targeting alcohol consumption among senior high school students.

9. Personalized Feedback Interventions: Refers to interventions that provide individualized

feedback to students regarding their alcohol consumption patterns, risks, and potential
consequences.

10. Web-based Interventions: Refers to interventions delivered through online platforms or

websites, utilizing technology to provide information, support, and resources related to
alcohol consumption.
 CHAPTER II

Revie of the Related Literature

Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol consumption among senior high school students is a topic of concern due to
its potential impact on health and well-being. Research by Lu et al. (2015) highlights the high
prevalence of alcohol consumption among junior and senior high school students in
metropolises, emphasizing the need for collective efforts from parents, school administrators,
and public health agencies to reduce alcohol availability and drinking among adolescents (Lu
et al., 2015). Additionally, Assanangkornchai et al. (2009) found that the prevalence of
current drinking among high school students in Thailand was substantially lower than that
reported in the U.S., indicating variations in alcohol consumption patterns among different
countries (Assanangkornchai et al., 2009). These studies underscore the importance of
understanding the specific prevalence and patterns of alcohol consumption among senior high
school students within different cultural and geographical contexts.

Furthermore, the study by sheds light on the association between energy drink
consumption and alcohol-related consequences among college students, indicating that
students who reported consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) had a
significantly higher prevalence of alcohol-related consequences (O’Brien et al., 2008). This
finding suggests the need to investigate the prevalence of AmED consumption among senior
high school students and its potential impact on their alcohol-related behaviors and
experiences. Understanding the patterns of AmED consumption among high school students
is crucial for developing targeted interventions to address potential health risks associated
with this behavior.

In conclusion, the prevalence and patterns of alcohol consumption among senior high
school students vary across different regions and cultural settings. It is essential to consider
these variations when designing interventions and preventive measures to address alcohol-
related behaviors among adolescents. Additionally, the association between energy drink
consumption and alcohol-related consequences highlights the need for further research to
explore the prevalence of alcohol mixed with energy drinks among high school students and
its potential implications for their health and well-being.
Negative Consequences

The potential negative effects of alcohol consumption on academic performance

among high school students are multifaceted. Firstly, alcohol consumption has been linked to
various behavioral issues that can directly impact academic performance. For instance, a
study by found that moderate or hazardous alcohol consumption among university students
was associated with being late for class, missing classes, inability to concentrate, and inability
to complete assignments (Tembo et al., 2017). These behavioral issues can significantly
hinder a student's ability to engage effectively in their studies, leading to poor academic
performance.

Secondly, alcohol use among high school students has been shown to have
detrimental effects on brain development, which can further impact academic achievement.
highlighted the relevance of understanding the relationship between teenage drinking and
high school grades, given recent research suggesting that early heavy alcohol use may have
negative effects on the physical development of brain structure (Balsa et al., 2011). This
indicates that alcohol consumption during adolescence, a critical period for brain
development, can potentially impair cognitive functions and academic performance.

In conclusion, the negative effects of alcohol consumption on academic performance

among high school students are well-documented and encompass behavioral, cognitive, and
broader health-related consequences. The studies provided valuable insights into the various
ways in which alcohol consumption can detrimentally affect students' academic performance,
emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address this issue.

School Alcohol Policies

The effectiveness of alcohol policies in high schools is contingent on their proper

implementation and enforcement. Desousa et al. (2007) found that the implementation, rather
than the mere presence, of a school alcohol policy is associated with reduced alcohol
consumption among school-aged children, emphasizing the importance of proper
enforcement (Desousa et al., 2007).

Additionally, Pisinger et al. (2022) suggested that the implementation and

enforcement of school alcohol control policies can influence students’ drinking behavior by
decreasing the availability of alcohol at school or changing the norms regarding acceptable
alcohol use, further supporting the significance of enforcement (Pisinger et al., 2022).
 In conclusion, the research indicates that the effectiveness of alcohol policies in high
schools is closely tied to their implementation and enforcement. School alcohol policies have
the potential to influence students' attitudes and behaviors towards alcohol consumption,
thereby contributing to the reduction of alcohol-related harm. However, it is essential to
ensure that these policies are effectively enforced and consider the diverse cultural and ethnic
backgrounds of the student population to maximize their impact.

Interventions

Interventions to address alcohol consumption among high school students have been
diverse and have shown varying outcomes. School-based alcohol prevention interventions
have been associated with reduced frequency of drinking (Das et al., 2016), while family-
based interventions have a small but persistent effect on alcohol misuse among adolescents
(Moore et al., 2010).

Prevention interventions need to address the broad determinants of alcohol

consumption rather than focusing narrowly on raising children's awareness or increasing their
knowledge about alcohol (Moore et al., 2010). This suggests that interventions should
encompass a holistic approach that considers various factors influencing alcohol consumption
among high school students, such as parental attitudes and behavior, peer influence, and
societal norms.

In conclusion, the interventions implemented to address alcohol consumption among

high school students have shown varying degrees of effectiveness. While some interventions
have demonstrated promising outcomes in reducing alcohol use, there is a need for
comprehensive and multifaceted approaches that consider the broader determinants of alcohol
consumption. Additionally, interventions should be tailored to specific cultural and regional
contexts to effectively address the prevalence of alcohol use among high school students.

Family and Peer Influence

Family dynamics and peer groups play a crucial role in influencing alcohol
consumption behavior among senior high school students (Yang et al., 2022). highlighted the
correlation among systemic family dynamics, mental health, and quality of life (QoL) in
senior high school students. The study aimed to assess the factors associated with family
dynamics and mental health that affect the QoL, indicating the significant impact of family
dynamics on the overall well-being of high school students.
 Understanding the topic of family and peer influence on alcohol consumption among
senior high school students is crucial for developing effective interventions (Borsari et al.,
2013). suggested that examination of constructs such as game-related alcohol consumption,
consequences, or psychosocial variables may be more useful in understanding the behavior of
high school students regarding alcohol consumption. This indicates the complexity of factors
influencing alcohol consumption behavior among adolescents, including peer influence and
psychosocial variables. Therefore, interventions should consider these multifaceted
influences to effectively address alcohol consumption among senior high school students.

In conclusion, family dynamics and peer groups significantly influence alcohol

consumption behavior among senior high school students. Understanding the multifaceted
factors associated with family dynamics, peer influence, and psychosocial variables is
essential for developing comprehensive interventions to address alcohol consumption among
high school students. By considering the findings of (Yang et al., 2022; , Olsson et al., 2018),
and (Borsari et al., 2013), interventions can be tailored to target the specific influences of
family and peer dynamics on alcohol consumption behavior, ultimately contributing to more
effective prevention and intervention strategies.
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design
This study made use of the descriptive research design. According to Gay (1992; p,
217), descriptive research involves collecting data in order to test hypotheses or to answer
questions concerning the current status of the subject of the study. A descriptive study
determines and reports the way things are. Descriptive research is scientific research that
describes events, phenomena, or facts systematically dealing with certain areas or population.

The nature of this study was generating knowledge from a investigation of assessing
the alcohol usage of SHS students at Bobon National High School.

Sources of Data

The researcher used adapted questionnaire from Enyi Uko Jairus et al. Ijsrm.Human,
2017; Vol. 6 (2): 66-78.

Locale and Population of the Study

The population of the study will be composed of the Grade 8 Students at Bobon
National High School. Table 1 Shows the total random distribution of respondents.

Respondents Sample
Grade 11- Star 10
Grade 11- Nebula 10
Grade 12- Galaxy 10
Total 30

Instrumentation and Data Collection

In this study, the instruments that the researchers will be using are survey
questionnaire with Likert Scale modality type going from " 1=This statement is never or
almost never true of me to 5= This statement is completely or almost completely true of me”
and 30 items of questionnaire were randomly distributed to the three section of SHS in Bobon
National High School including section Star, Nebula and Galaxy. For the data collection, the
respondents will be given survey questionnaires to each classroom of Grade 11 and Grade 12
through random sampling. For the informed consent, a letter of approval will be given to the
School Principal and to the Research Adviser for the approval of conducting a survey. For the
data analysis, the collected survey questionnaire will be compiled and analyzed by the
researcher.

Tools for Data Analysis

The data which were gathered, collected and tabulated were subjected for analysis and
interpretation using the appropriate statistical tools which is weighted mean. Weighted means
multiplying each data point in a set by a value which is determined by some characteristic of
whatever contributed to the data point. An example should help make that rather vague
definition clearer. In meta-analysis, a researcher has a set of effect sizes from a number of
studies and wishes to combine them to find an overall effect size to summarize the general
trend. The larger the sample, which was used in a study, the more accurate the effect size
found in that study will be as an estimate of the effect size in the population. Presented with
the set of effect sizes, the researcher could weight each one by the sample size for that study.
In this way, larger studies would be making a greater contribution to the mean effect size. To
do this, one could multiply each effect size by the sample size for that study, sum each of
these results, and then divide the sum by the sum of all the sample sizes. (Carter, 2010).

For problem 1, the meaning was used to determine the reading strategies used in
assessing the reading comprehension and abilities of the Grade-8 Students.

The formula for mean is as follow;

WM =
∑ fx
N

Where: WM = weighted

f = frequency

x = ratings
Data Categorization

For the factors affecting the reading comprehension and abilities among the Grade-8
students, the four-point Likert Scale was used.

Point Scale Range Description

4 3.50-4.00 Strogly Agree
3 2.50-3.49 Agree
2 1.50-2.49 Disagree
1 1.00-1.49 Strogly Disagree

In 4 point, if the scale range is 3.50 to 4.00 it implies Strongly Agree. In a 3 point, if
the scale range is 2.50 to 3.49 it implies Agree. In 2 point if the scale range 1.50 to 2.49 it
implies Disagree. In 1 point if the scale range is 1.00 to 1.49 it implies Strongly Disagree.
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