Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In an education institution, success is measured by academic performance, or

how well a student meets standard set out by institution. As career competition grows

ever fiercer in the working world, the importance of students doing well in school has

caught the attention of parents, and employers

On the other hand, alcohol is one of the most widely used drug substance in the

world. Mostly people drink a small or moderate amount of alcohol to make them relax

and enhance their social activities. Using alcohol in this way is not harmful for most

adult. However, people, whose use of alcohol has negative effect on any aspects to

their lives, including health, relationship, work, study are considered to have an alcohol

problem defends on the factors including the type of alcohol you drink, how much you

drink and how long you have been drinking. Many countries recognize the serious

public health problems caused by the harmful use of alcohol and have taken steps to

adopt preventive policies and programmes, particularly to reduce drink-driving and the

carnage that is causes. However, it is the clear that much more needs to accomplish.

Academic performance is seen as a measure of intellectual ability. Why do some

pupils flourish academically while others appear to be underachievers? Opinions differ.

As a result, a large number of psychologists have attempts to identify the primary

predictors of individual academic success have been made on a regular basis.

1
 Interactions among numerous variables, such as learning, influence academic

achievement on examinations. Learning is very important in the lives of students.

According to Joyce Valbuenas’ report, drinking alcoholic beverages beyond one's

capacity to the point of intoxication is a risky behavior in which most young people get

involved at some time. In a survey conducted by the University of the Philippines in

1994, 60 per cent or 5.3 million Filipino youths are said to be drinking alcoholic

beverages. About 4.2 million of them are males and 1.1 million are females. The study

stated that most of the Filipino teenagers have tried cigarettes, alcohol, and drugs. In

fact, there are more alcoholic drinkers than smokers. On the average, Filipino youths

start drinking alcohol at the age of 16 or 17. However, there are also many cases when

children as young as 12 years old are already drinking alcoholic beverages. About 37

per cent of the respondents in the survey have continued the habit of drinking alcohol

while 33 per cent said they only drink alcoholic beverages on special occasions. Some

17 per cent said they have already decided to stop the vice of drinking.

This study aims to broaden the mind and understanding of the students, parents,

and the administration on the Effects of Alcoholic Used of Criminology Students of Iligan

Medical Center College towards their Academic Performance in which various research

has found that drinking during adolescence has an effect on academic performance by

reducing the number of years spent in school and the likelihood of graduating and lastly

how it can be prevented and what action will it need.

2
 With that, the researchers noticed a gap between the effects of alcohol use on

academic performance, which is alarming because there are students who enter the

school premises that are drunk. Some of them failed to attend the class that led them to

get a failing grade. Alcohol intake may influence how much a high school kid learns

without significantly impacting whether or not they choose to continue in school or go to

college.

The researchers propose to bridge the gap between the effects of Alcoholic Use

and its effect to Academic Performance. Hence, the study titled “Effects of Alcoholic

Use on the Academic Performance of BS Criminology Students in Iligan Medical Center

College” will be conducted in the second semester of the school year 2021-2022.

3
Theoretical Framework

This study will be anchoring the following theory which is the Theory

of Educational Productivity by Herbert J. Walberg (1978)

Theory of Educational Productivity

Walberg's educational productivity theory has a single goal: to figure out what

causes poor student performance. It is also concerned with the factors of learning that

impact a student's academic achievement. It is a study of academic achievement in

which Walberg uses a range of methodologies to identify the factors that influence a

student's academic performance. Walberg's theory is concerned with the factors on

learning that have an impact on a student's academic achievement. It is a study of

academic achievement in which Walberg use a range of methodologies to identify the

factors that influence a student's academic performance.

Walberg's theory sought to clarify student performance, as previously stated.

Being aware of the causes and variables that influence it, as these can provide insight

into why a student isn't achieving his or her maximum potential. As a result, their grades

do not reflect their abilities.

Moreover, educational process goals as well as success goals must be

considered in order to maximize educational productivity and efficiency. Student

impressions of the social environment, creativity, self-concept, participation in

extracurricular activities, and interest in subject matter are all understood as educational

process goals. Ignoring these impressions and experiences in favor of traditional test-

4
based goals will weaken motivation and, as a result, educational attainment. Because

they do not precisely identify, describe, and quantify educational factors, many

educational experiments and psychological theories of education fail to achieve desired

educational outcomes.

5
Conceptual Framework

In this particular study, the researcher will determine the relationship between the

Alcoholic Consumption of the Criminology students and its effects to the Academic

Performance.

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE
Effects of Alcoholic
Demographic Factors that Use on the Academic
Profile of the Influence the Performance of BS
Respondents In Students in Criminology Students
Terms Of: Drinking
in Iligan Medical Center
Alcoholic
Drinks? College
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Year Level

Effects of Alcoholic Used

of Criminology Students of
Iligan Medical Center
College towards their
Academic Performance in
terms of;
3.1 Class Attendance
3.2 Class Discussion
3.3 Grades

Figure 1.1 Research Paradigm

6
Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine The Effects of Alcoholic Use on the Academic

Performance of BS Criminology Students in Iligan Medical Center College. Specifically,

it sought to answer the following questions;

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Year Level

2. What Are the Factors that Influence the Students In Drinking Alcoholic

Drinks?

3. What are the effects of Alcoholic Used of Criminology Students of Iligan

Medical Center College towards their Academic Performance in terms of;

3.1 Class Attendance

3.2 Class Participation

3.3 Grades

4. What intervention output can be utilized after the study is conducted?

7
Significance of the Study

The significance of this study investigates the following that serves as a

guide for the researchers:

Students. The findings of the study will assist them in raising their knowledge

about alcohol consumption and related difficulties so that they can acquire desirable

habits and values early in life that will lead to a happier and more fulfilling existence.

Parents. This study will be an "eye-opener" for them, allowing them to see their

pupils' health nutrition in real-life scenarios. They should be aware of key elements that

will assist their pupils in overcoming the effects of drinking on their academic

performance to understand the crucial facts that may help their children refrain from

such behaviours at school. Furthermore, this will motivate them to collaborate with their

children to improve the harmonious interaction between their home and school.

Teachers. With the help of this study, they will be able to have a deeper

understanding of their student. They would have a better understanding of the nature of

adolescence in connection to their efforts to establish their capacity to contribute to

society's progress.

School Administration. This study would provide school administrators with

more accurate information regarding students' academic achievement about alcoholic

consumption. Such information would assist them in taking action that would best

promote student knowledge of such activities, address this action to adolescents, and

work toward a common good for improving each member of society's living conditions.

8
 Community. This study encourages everyone to reduce, if not eliminate, their

alcohol consumption. The outcome would aid the community in determining (non-

discriminatory) the effect of using alcoholic beverages so that the letter can be assisted

and appropriately appraised. Other productive, physically harmless, and healthy

activities may be considered.

Future Researchers. The findings of this study will provide insight to other

researchers and serve as a guide for their research.

Scope and Delimitation

This study focuses only on Effects of Alcoholic Use on the Academic

Performance of BS Criminology Students in Iligan Medical Center College. However,

the study is limited only to the students under the area of jurisdiction of Iligan Medical

Center College.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

In order to give a common definition the following terms were defined, to provide

a common frame to facilitate understanding on the part of the readers.

Academic Performance. It is defined as an educational outcome, which is the

degree to which a student, instructor, or institution has met their educational objectives,

and it is frequently assessed by examination or continuous assessment.

Alcohol. Alcohol is a flammable intoxicating ingredient found in fermented or

distilled liquor with a strong pungent flavour. The term "alcohol" in this study refers to

beverages that potentially affect the respondents' moods and attitudes.

Alcoholism. Is a broad phrase for public consumption of alcohol, and is

commonly used to refer to compulsive and uncontrolled intake of alcoholic beverages in

order to assess the health, personal relationships, and social standing of the drinker. It

is classified as a disease, particularly an addicted disorder, by medical professionals. It

is a phrase used in this study to describe when individuals consume alcohol on a

regular basis, interfering with their behaviour and academic performance.

Criminal Infractions. Criminal infractions are the least serious type of crime and

are less serious than misdemeanours. Traffic stops for minor movement offenses and

other low-level wrongdoing are among them. In most cases, a criminal violation carries

only a fee and does not result in jail time.

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 Consumption. Consumption refers to the act of utilizing, purchasing, or eating

something. We shall run out of fuel if we do not limit our energy consumption. Buying

something to flaunt is known as conspicuous consumerism. The word consumption

comes from the verb consume, which implies to eat, use, or purchase.

11
 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the thorough and in-

depth search done by the researcher’s on the effects of alcohol used to the Academic

Performance of the students.

Related Studies

Although schooling is not the only path to professional achievement, great effort

is put into identifying, evaluating, tracking, and encouraging students' development in

schools. Parents are concerned about their children's academic success because they

feel that good grades will lead to better job opportunities and job security. For the same

reason, schools engaged in instilling strong academic habits. For example, they

frequently influence worries about the school's reputation and the potential of receiving

financial aid from government agencies, which reflects the school's overall academic

success.

The formation of attitudes during childhood and adolescence has a significant

impact on an individual's alcohol use. It is influenced by the attitude and behaviour of

parents toward drinking, as well as the influence of others, society, and family ties.

Alcoholism is caused by a combination of circumstances. The key psychological

elements linked to college drinking have been identified in the literature, starting with

12
internal influences and progressing to those considered external. The demographic

characteristics are among these variables.

It cannot be overstated, however, that there is a scarcity of evidence in this area.

Much of the preceding research has focused on alcoholics rather than people who use

alcohol infrequently or in small amounts. Furthermore, the study is focused on older

teenagers rather than younger children. Nonetheless, it is obvious from the data

revealed by this analysis that due to the flexibility of the brain during this critical

developing phase, alcohol misuse in adolescence can endanger young people's brains.

The World Health Organization (2011) estimates that approximately 4½% of the

global burden of disease and injury is attributes to alcohol.” Alcohol consumption is

estimated to cause, from 20% to 50% of cirrhosis of the liver, epilepsy, poisonings, road

traffic accidents violence and several types of cancer.”

Furthermore, college is frequently viewed as a period for individuals to discover

their personal identity. For many people, it's a chance to thoroughly explore their

surroundings without the restraints they might feel from their carers during their period.

People try new things and display behaviour that they wouldn't normally exhibit under

other settings. Many people, for example, will never again have the opportunity to live in

a residence hall setting where they are so close to other people. It's easy to get carried

away in college because the atmosphere is so unlike any other.

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) in 2015 discussed

that drinking has negative effects on college students, their families, and their respective

colleges. According to an extensive research from the drinking has been prevalent

among 86.4% of students ages 18 and above. The same report noted that 1,825 college

13
students 18 to 24 years old lost their lives due to alcohol-related road accidents.

Roughly 97,000 students in the same age range have been involved in sexual assaults

and rape due to excessive drinking.

According to Armstrong et al., (2013) stated that colleges have implicit

“pathways,” that students fall into depending on a variety of factors such as ethnicity

and socio–economic status. One pathway, the “party pathway,” centres on alcohol

consumption and is more popular among students who are socially-oriented and

affluent. Students in this group are not seeking social mobility through college, in

comparison to their minority counterparts. The majority of these students have enough

cultural, social, and economic capital from their parents to secure a stable career

following graduation a. These students enroll in large state schools for social aspects of

college, such as athletics or partying events rather than for academic reasons.

Ansari et al., (2013) discussed that male students spent more hours during the

last (most recent) drinking occasion than females, and consumed more alcoholic drinks

at that occasion. Most students (74%) consumed alcohol at least once a week, and only

3% reported no alcohol consumption. Males consumed alcohol more often than females

(P < 0.04). Half the sample (54%) testified heavy episodic drinking (>5 drinks in row) at

least three times during the last month, and only 20% of respondents reported to heavy

episodic drinking. The frequency of heavy episodic drinking was significantly higher

among males than females (P < 0.035).

Heavy drinkers are more likely to engage in drinking-related problems such as

criminal infractions, injuries, and unintended sexual behaviour, according to research on

college alcohol usage. Heavy drinkers also missed more courses and earned lower

14
grades, according to the study. Excessive drinking can lead to long-term health

problems such liver failure or cirrhosis, as well as increasing the risk of an alcohol-

related death overdose.

Chibuzo, et al., (2013) clearly stated that negative consequences of dangerous

drinking are likely to affect students disproportionately. The health consequences a

student may experience as a result of dangerous drinking have an expected range, from

manageable situations to potentially fatal outcomes. Researchers identified negative

health consequences to include hangovers, unprotected sexual behaviour, alcohol

dependence, blackouts, assault and even death. The health consequences alone are

jarring enough to garner the attention of campus administrators, and students

themselves.

Moreover dangerous drinking can lead to driving under the influence which is

approximated to happen 2.1 million times annually, or about 25% of all reported cases

of drunk driving. They alleged that female students who drink are at an increased risk of

being victims of date rape, unwanted sex, harassment and physical assault. Further, the

more an individual drinks, especially in a public forum, the more likely he or she is to be

victims of violence. All students who consume alcohol at dangerous levels are at risk of

a variety of consequence.

According to Ukwayi, J. et al. (2013) this problem has spread among

undergraduate students at various institutions, who are commonly spotted drinking

alcohol at bars and restaurants, as well as other secluded areas a few meters away

from the school. Some of these youngsters spend the entire day in these locations,

15
returning home just after school hours. Alcohol abuse, defined as the daily use of five

bottles of alcoholic beverages or more in the context of this study, has several social

and health consequences for Nigerian students, who are tomorrow's leaders. Students,

who abuse alcohol miss classes, fail tests, drop out due to bad marks, and jeopardize

the academic goal of colleges and institutions.

It is said that the time and worry spent dealing with any legal consequences of

college student drinking is time and energy that may be better spent on academic

pursuits. Researchers have discovered a range of "second-hand" impacts of alcohol

usage, indicating that the negative impact of risky drinking extends beyond people who

consume the alcohol themselves. Second-hand alcohol impacts are settings or

scenarios that have an effect on other people who have consumed alcohol. If you

haven't been drinking, such as excessive noise and vandalism, to name a few. To tell

you the truth, alcohol consumption is common among college students. College isn't just

about suffocating under a mountain of academic obligations. Most college students

aren't opposed to taking a break or celebrating after overcoming extremely difficult

difficulties, such as major exams. There's nothing wrong with it, but it's also a good idea

for every student to be aware of the harmful consequences of excessive alcohol

consumption on the brain.

Mosky et al., (2008) a persons’ alcohol user is primarily influence by attitudes

development during childhood and teen years. It is impacted by the parent’s attitude

and behaviour towards drinking, persons influence, society, and family relationships.

Experimentation with alcohol during the teen years is common. Some reason that teen

used alcohol are curiosity, to feel good, reduce stress, and relax and to fit in from a very

16
young age, kids are advertising messages showing beautiful people enjoying life and

alcohol. And because many parent and other adults use alcohol socially-having beer or

wine with dinner, for example, alcohol seems harmless to many teens.

Related Literature

It is said that the time and worry spent dealing with any legal consequences of

college student drinking is time and energy that may be better spent on academic

pursuits. However, the results of risky drinking are far-reaching. Researchers have

discovered a range of "second-hand" impacts of alcohol usage, in addition to those who

consume the alcohol themselves. Second-hand alcohol effects are situations or

scenarios that affect persons who have not used alcohol, such as loud noise,

vandalism, and so on.

Woodyard, CD et al., (2010 0. found that alcohol involvement had a modest,

negative association with educational attainment after controlling for background

variables.[14] Unsurprisingly, heavy drinking and alcohol-related consequences in

college students represent major challenges in some countries. Such findings have

suggested that, in higher education, a strong, negative correlation exists between

undergraduate alcohol use and academic performance. However, a point to note is that

conversely, large-scale and well-controlled studies seem to have provided not much

empirical support for the effect of heavy drinking on, e.g., attrition from college. Indeed,

findings from prospective research suggested that the association between alcohol use

and undergraduate academic performance is negligible.

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 Awoyinfa, JO (2012) investigated the incidence of alcohol use and abuse among

University of Lagos female students. The study indicated a significant relationship

between female students’ use and abuse of alcohol and their social relationship, as well

as a significant relationship between female students’ use and abuse of alcohol and

their morals. The study however revealed that no significant relationship between use

and abuse of alcohol and female student academic performance. The National Center

on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (1994) noted that alcohol is

responsible for 41% of academic problems and 28% of all dropouts in schools. In a

similar view, believed academic problems and alcohol use are highly related. It is

opined that drinking has both a direct effect on grade point average and an indirect

effect because it leads to a decrease in study hours. And reported that the main effect

of alcohol consumption is manifested in the reduced number of hours spent studying.

Wechsler, H. et al., (2004) discussed that of the opinion that poor academic

performance among college students is associated with alcohol consumption. Alcohol

abuse has several consequences such as students failing tests, being absent in class,

dropping out of school due to do poor grades. Alcohol abuse undermines the academic

mission of colleges and universities. As a result, campuses may face declining retention

rates, increased expenses due to vandalism, and a diminished reputation. It has

reported that alcohol affects many parts of the brain, but the most vulnerable cells are

those associated with memory, coordination, and judgment. They argued that alcohol

has several physiological and psychological effects, which inhibit students’ performance

as cognitive abilities are affected by even small amounts of alcohol and can persist for a

substantial period of time after the acute effects of alcohol impairment disappear. In

18
addition to cognitive impairments, consumption of alcohol and the resulting recovery

period (i.e., hang-over) wastes time that might be better spent studying or having fun.

In addition, Matthew, & Hustad, (2014) said that college students may engage in

alcohol use to help cope with stress, negative emotions, or to make them look mature.

Students may also use or abuse alcohol as a coping mechanism. Students that use

alcohol as a coping mechanism tend to indulge more in the use of alcohol and may also

apply defense mechanisms by engaging in denial and rationalization. No matter why

college students use alcohol, it is a very common and serious problem on college

campuses. Alcohol use is negatively affecting some students and families by causing

potential dropouts and failing classes.

Gentile, Librizzi and Martinetti, (2012) in their study indicated that, “drinking

appears to be a normal part of the college experience and can be associated with high-

risk behavior, such as driving under the influence, risky and unplanned sexual behavior

and fighting”. Theauthors also indicated other negative consequences of these

behaviors which are “legal actions, poor academic performance, injuries, sexual assault,

and pregnancies”

Using alcohol in college does not appear to have a detrimental influence on all

students. Some college students appear to be capable of drinking responsibly. Some

students are able to balance their academic work with their social lives, ensuring that

social drinking does not negatively impact their academic achievement.

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 CHAPTER III

Research Methodology

In this chapter, the researchers aim to introduce a naturalistic approach to

investigate their research problem. The researchers will explain how they can obtain the

data used in the research, how they can analyse and interpret the results, or the

findings they can acquire. The researchers will present the research design,

participants, research locale, data gathering procedure, instruments, scoring procedure,

and statistical tool.

Research Design

This study employs the descriptive-correlation research design utilizing group

correlation analysis among variants. In particular, the research examined the correlation

between alcohol used and the academic performance of Bachelor of Science in

Criminology.

The data will be gathered through the questionnaire formulated by the

researchers for the students’ respondents. It will also be supplemented with

documentary analysis and direct observations to crosscheck and verify the information.

A correlation analysis will determine the relationship between alcoholism and academic

performance of the Bachelor of Science in Criminology students in Iligan Medical Center

College, Pala-o, Iligan City.

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Locale of the Study

The study will be conducted at Iligan Medical Center College San Miguel Village,

Pala-o, Iligan City in which the target respondents are the criminology students

studying in this institution.

Figure 1.2 Map of the Research Locale

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Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study consist of randomly selected thirty (20)

criminology students of Iligan Medical Center College. In which they can be able to

understand and responds the following data that is needed for the study.

Data Gathering Procedure

Before gathering the needed data, permission was sought out first, and the

researchers will first write a letter of approval signed by the Dean, and the Thesis

Adviser. The provided questionnaires are standardized, and an informed consent letter

is added to ensure that the students understand and agree with the content of the

papers they are given. Participants were also urged to ask questions if they had any

concerns about the study. The researcher also personally retrieved the entire survey

questionnaire and the data will be tally presented in a tabular form, analysed and

interpreted. Throughout the research, all applicable ethical norms were followed.

22
Research Instrument

To collect the data for this study, the researcher will create a comprehensive

questionnaire that has all of the necessary information. The researcher will use a self-

made seven (7) questions.

Sampling Procedure

In order to acquire the best study result, the researcher will use a sample design,

also known as selective or subjective judgmental sampling, which is a non-probability

sampling approach that focuses on specific aspects of a population that are of interest.

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 CHAPTER IV

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents the data analysis and interpretation of the findings done.

This presented the data gathered following the sequence of specific research problem

regarding Effects of Alcoholic Use on the Academic Performance of BS Criminology

Students in Iligan Medical Center College.

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

Table 1.1
Age
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
18 – 20 years old IIII (4) 20%

21 – 23 years old IIIIIIIIIIIII (13) 65%

24 – 26 years old I (1) 5%

27 – 29 years old I (1) 5%

29 - 31 years old 0 0

32 – 35 years old 1 (1) 5%

Table 1.1 provides the age of the respondents in which 65% are 21-23 years old

while 20% are 18-20 years old, 5% is 24 – 26 years old, 5% for 27-29 years old and the

remaining 5% for 32 – 35 years old.

24
 Table 1.2
Gender
GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Female IIII (4) 20%

Male IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII (16) 80%

Table 1.2 presents the gender of the respondents in which 80% are male and the

remaining 20% are female.

Table 1.3
Year Level
YEAR FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
1ST Year II (2) 10%

2ND Year IIII(4) 20%

3RD Year I (1) 5%

4TH Year IIIIIIIIIIIII (13) 65%

Table 1.3 gives the respondents’ profile in terms of year level, wherein 65% are

from 4th year, 20% from 2nd year, 10% from 1st year and the remaining 5% from 3rd year.

25
 2. What Are the Factors that Influence the Students In Drinking Alcoholic

Drinks?

Table 2.1
Factors Influencing the Students in Drinking Alcoholic Drinks
FACTORS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Boredom IIIIIII (7) 35%

Relaxation IIIIII(6) 30%

Use it as an escape IIIIIII (7) 35%

to Problem

Table 2.1 presents the factors influencing the students in drinking alcoholic

beverages wherein 35% responded that because of boredom they drink, while the other

35% answered that they are drinking alcoholic beverages in order to escape problem

and the remaining 30% said that they drink for relaxation.

26
3. What are the effects of Alcoholic Used of Criminology Students of Iligan

Medical Center College towards their Academic Performance in terms of;

Table 3.1
Class Attendance

CLASS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

ATTENDANCE
Always present in III (3) 15%
the class
Sometimes IIIIII(6) 30%

Not attending the IIIIIIIIIII (11) 55%

class

Table 3.1 gives the data on the distribution of frequency in class attendance of

the respondents every time they drink the night before the class. It shows that 55%

do not attend the class, 30% answered that sometimes they attend the class even

if they drink the night before their classes and the remaining 15% said that they still

attend the class even if they drink the night before their classes.

By this, the results depicts that is an alarming matter because the respondents

chose to skip classes just because they drink alcoholic drinks the night before the

class.

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 Table 3.2
Class Participation

CLASS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

PARTICIPATION
Always participating IIIIIIIIIIIII (13) 65%
in the class
Sometimes III (3) 15%

Never IIII (4) 20%

Table 3.2 presents the distribution of frequency in terms of the class participation

of the respondents during their class. In which, 65% responded that they are still

always participating class discussion, 20% said that they never participate in the

discussion and lastly 15% answered that they sometimes participate in class

discussion.

Table 3.3
Grades

GRADES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Lower IIIIIIIIIIIIII (14) 70%

Higher IIIIII(6) 30%

Table 3.3 presents the distribution of frequency in terms of grades, where in its

very alarming because 70% responded that it lowers their grades and 30% said that it

gets higher.

28
4. What intervention output can be utilized after the study is conducted?

PROJECTS OUTPUTS

It is possible that alcohol prevention

Weekly Consultation and activities at schools will have a positive

Counselling effect on students' academic success.

29
 CHAPTER V

Summary, Findings, Conclusion, and Recommendation

This chapter is represented in four sections. The first section refers to the

study's overall summary of the study, followed by a summary of the results and their

conclusions. Results of the study are then discussed, preceded by suggestions for

future studies.

Summary

The importance of students doing well in school has caught the attention of

parents, and employers. In an education institution, success is measured by academic

performance, or how well a student meets standard set out by institution.

On the other hand, alcohol is one of the most widely used drug substance in

the world. Most people drink a small or moderate amount to make them relax and

enhance their social activities. People whose use of alcohol has negative effect on any

aspects to their lives are considered to have an alcohol problem. Academic

performance is seen as a measure of intellectual ability. Why do some pupils flourish

academically while others appear to be underachievers. Opinions differ but attempts to

identify the primary predictors of individual academic success have been made on a

regular basis by psychologists.

According to the findings of the study, students who consume alcohol are less

able to maintain a healthy balance between their academic work and social life, which

can lead to them dropping out of school or failing classes.

30
Findings

1.1 21- 23 years old which is, in fact, the age of risky behaviour

characterized by the use and abuse of drugs and alcohol likelihood of

developing alcohol dependence increases proportionally with the age

at which they began drinking.

1.2 According to the data gathered of the study, male consume more

alcoholic beverages than their female counterparts because they are

more exposed to risk and situation factors that necessitate the use or

consumption of alcoholic beverages than their female.

1.3 Most of the respondents are fourth-year college in which the results

depicts that they are more active in drinking Alcoholic drinks.

2.1 The primary reasons for consuming alcoholic beverages are boredom,

and to have courage in difficult situations and escape problem.

3.1 It is not only middle and high school students who suffer from these

issues; college students who suffer from hangovers and excessive

drinking also miss classes and fall behind in their assignments.

3.2 Too much alcohol consumption can cause memory and concentration

to deteriorate over time if it is left untreated. Participating in class or

working while suffering from a hangover makes it difficult to concentrate

31
 and retain information, which can jeopardize your long-term success

goals.

3.3 According to the findings of the study, drinking had a direct negative

effect on GPA as well as an indirect negative effect on GPA through

reduced study hours. Under all definitions of drinking, alcohol consumption

has a negative predictive effect on grade point average (GPA).

Conclusion

1. College students who suffer from hangovers and excessive drinking miss

classes and fall behind on their assignments as a result of these problems,

which are not limited to middle and high school students. If excessive

alcohol consumption is not addressed, it can lead to memory and

concentration problems that worsen over time if not addressed. It is difficult

to concentrate and retain information when you are participating in class or

working while suffering from a hangover, which can jeopardize your long-

term success objectives.

2. The study that have been conducted have shown that students who

consume alcohol are less able to maintain a healthy balance between their

academic work and social life, which can result in them dropping out of

school or failing classes.

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 3. The consumption of alcoholic beverages was found to have negative

associations with both motivation for and subjectively achieved academic

performance.

Recommendations

With the conclusions drawn and the challenges encountered during the data

gathering procedures, the researchers made the following recommendations:

To the Administration

In order to mitigate this occurrence and improve students' performance in

tertiary institutions, students should be counselled on a daily basis about the importance

of abstaining from binge drinking and consuming alcohol in moderation while at school,

among other things.

To the Future Researchers

As a result, alcohol policies on college campuses, as well as intervention

educational and normative campaigns for students, are extremely important and

necessary. In addition, prospective designs, as well as objective and subjective

measures of academic performance, should be included in future research.

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