1

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

A. Introduction

Youth today is uncontrollable and no one can stop them. Just to satisfy their

self they can do anything.

The Youth. In our country a proverb always through on our mind when you

heard the word youth and that proverbs is ‘‘the youth is the hope of the nation’’ but

as the time goes by can we still say proudly that we the youth today are the Hope

Of the nation. Nowadays, there are plenty of crimes that are being caused by the

youth of today. Youth today are really uncontrollable wherein they are doing all

things just to fulfill their curiosity and they try everything that are new in their eye

without thinking of what can cause on their self. Like for example, trying all vices

that they can see like drinking alcohol. They drink alcohol at their young age

without thinking and knowing that this is bad for their mental health and physical

health. Youth are very impulsive in drinking alcohol because they drink alcohol

without thinking twice or even a million times before they drink.

Alcohol is a drug that is prevalent in our country wherein most of the youth

nowadays are drinking it. They drink alcohol without thinking of its bad effects on

their lives, especially on their health. For example, alcohol can give them diseases

at their young age. A disease that can affect their daily lives and can also finish

their future or worse, it can cause for their lives to be ended. Researcher’s conduct

this research to know the factors affecting alcoholic drinking to selected St. Pius X

Institute students. The researchers chose this topic because they observe that
 2

there are many students who are drinking alcohol at their young age. Also to inform

them that drinking alcohol at their young age has a bad effect on their selves and

lives.

“Filipinos are the second highest consumers of alcohol in South East Asia after

Indonesia, and number one in terms of wine drinking. The legal drinking age in the

Philippines is 18, but it is estimated that 60% of young people will have been into

or at least have tried alcohol before then. Alcohol drinking even for a short period

of time can lead not only to intoxication but also to more serious alcohol poisoning

and alcoholic liver disease, which can be potentially life threatening. . Aside from

physical health, alcohol is attributed to cases of substance dependence,

depression, suicide, acts of physical and verbal abuse, domestic abuse, decreased

productivity, fatal accidents, failed relationships and marriages, among others.”

“Studies have also shown that those who drink at a young age are far more

likely to develop alcoholism later in life. They are at risk of particular problems

related to mental and physical health as alcohol interferes with body function. They

are more likely to commit crimes, perform poorly in school, experiment with harder

drugs, prone to promiscuous sexual behavior, result in unplanned pregnancy, and

even be infected with sexually transmitted diseases.”

‘‘Philippine law sets the minimum legal drinking age at 18 but underage drinking

is widespread. Most young people get alcohol from home with or without their

parents' permission. They know how to obtain alcohol – they are able to get it from

friends or they can discreetly buy for themselves. On the average, Filipino youths

start drinking alcohol at the age of 16 or 17. However, there are also many cases
 3

when children as young as 12 years old are already drinking alcoholic beverages.

About 37 per cent of the respondents in the survey have continued the habit of

drinking alcohol while 33 per cent said they only drink alcoholic beverages on

special occasions. Some 17 per cent said they have already decided to stop the

vice of drinking.’’

Alcohol is one of the most rampant vices in the Philippines so it is not shocking

that youth will be influenced to drink alcohol, but the thing is there are many things

we can do to stop the widespread of drinking alcohol among youth. Before

it’s got to be late let stop this phenomenon by starting it on ourselves. Say yes to

good health and say no to alcohol.

B. Statement of the Problem

Typically, the study aims to determine the factors affecting alcoholic drinking to

the selected students of Saint Pius X Institute.

Specifically, this seeks to answer the following question:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a) Gender

b) Age

c) Monthly Family Income

2. What made the students drink alcohol?

a) Curiosity

b) Family Problem

c) Reducing Stress

d) Friends Influence
 4

e) Personal Problem

f) Relaxation

3. How many students are prone in alcoholic drinking?

a) Male

b) Female

4. Is there a significant relationship between the academic

performance of the students and their drinking habits?

C. Significance of the Study

The purpose of the study is to identify the factors of alcoholic drinking that

may experience among the students of Saint Pius X Institute. The following

individuals will benefit from this study.

Students. The result of the study would aide them to increase their

awareness about alcohol drinking and alcohol -related issues so that at

the early stage of life they would develop desirable habit and value toward a

better and quality of life.

Parents. This study would serve as an “eye opener” to them to see the real

scenario of what is happening to the teenagers now in our generation.

Teachers. This study can provide information to the teachers to understand the

students why they are drinking alcohol in their adolescence stage.

School Administration. This study would give information to the school

administration in the issue of alcoholic drinking of the students and it would help

them to make some actions that will increase the awareness of the students in that

activity and to address them to the common good way of living.

 5

Future Researchers. It will provide an overview in their topic and serve as a guide

to them in conducting their research.

D. Scope and Delimitations of the Study

The focus of this study is all about the factors of alcoholic drinking among

the students of Saint Pius X Institute. Curiosity, personal problems and friends’

influence are the causes why students drink alcohol on their young age. This study

is limited to the selected students of G9- Senior High School of Saint Pius X

Institute. Elementary to G8 students are not to be included. The research is

bounded with those people who drink

The questionnaires will be distributed to the selected students that will be

used to gather information in this study.

E. Definition of terms

The following are defined operationally herein to ensure a clear

understanding among the readers.

Alcohol. An ethanol especially when considered as the intoxicating agent in

fermented and distilled. It’s a drink (such as whiskey or beer) containing ethanol

and a mixture of ethanol and water that is usually 95 percent ethanol.

Alcoholism. Continued excessive or compulsive use of alcohol drinks. A chronic,

a progressive, potentially fatal disorder marked by excessive and usually

compulsive drinking of alcohol leading to psychological and physical dependence

or addiction.
 6

Curiosity. Curiosity is the urge you feel to know more about something. The state

of being curious: inquisitive, wondering, ready to poke around and figure

something out.

Drinking. The act of ingesting water or other liquids into the body through the

mouth. Water is required for many of life’s physiological processes. Both excessive

and inadequate water intake are associated with health problems.

Ethanol. also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is

a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula C ₂H ₅OH. Its

formula can be also written as CH ₃−CH ₂−OH or C ₂H ₅−OH, and is often

abbreviated as EtOH.

Influence. To cause someone to change a behavior, belief, or opinion, or

to cause something to be changed.

Legal. Allowable or enforceable by being in conformity with the law of the land and

the public policy; not condemned as illegal. See also lawful and legitimate.

Risk. The possibility of losing something of value. Values (such as physical

health, social status, emotional well-being, or financial wealth) can be gained or

lost when taking risk resulting from a given action or inaction, foreseen or

unforeseen (planned or not planned). Risk can also be defined as the intentional

interaction with uncertainty.

School. A school is an institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning

environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most

countries have systems of formal education, which is commonly compulsory. In

these systems, students progress through a series of schools.

 7

Youth. Best understood as a period of transition from the dependence of childhood

to adulthood’s independence and awareness of our interdependence as members

of a community. Youth is a more fluid category than a fixed age-group.

 8

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

Local Studies

Early age of drinking alcohol will be having more impact on the person’s

health especially at below 18 years of age. This paper gives background history

about underage drinking in US. Nowadays, teens are getting feel older for them as

to be “cool” without knowing the consequences of alcohol. There are many reasons

why teenager drinks alcohol like they are being curious, wants to feel older or

rebelling against their parents. (Balsa 2014).

Experimentation with alcohol during the teen years is common.

Some reason that teen used alcohol are curiosity, to feel good, reduce stress

and relax and to fit in from a very young age! Kids see advertising messages

showing beautiful people enjoying life and alcohol. And because many parent

and other adults use alcohol socially-having beer or wine with dinner for

example, alcohol seems harmless to many teens (Mosky and Hobey,

2008).

Many people believe that drinking alcohol can skip their problems like

family, studies, relationships and others but it would not. Bagging alcoholism may

lead to more serious condition and fatal illnesses and would cause the person’s

life. (Unknown n/a).

A study conducted by the University of the Philippines (UP) found out that

Filipino youths, on the average, start drinking at the age of 16 or 17. “There are

also many cases when children as young as 12 years are already drinking
 9

alcoholic beverages,” Valbuena noted. “About 37% of the respondents in the

survey have continued the habit of drinking alcohol while 33% said they only drink

alcoholic beverages on special occasions.” (Tacio,2018)

According to the World Health Organization, the burden of disease from

alcohol exceeds tobacco because harmful consequences lead to death and

disability in the younger years of life. There is widespread of alcohol consumption

among 2 billion people worldwide with 76.3 million diagnosed with alcohol abuse

(World Health Organization, 2005). A cross-sectional survey was conducted to

assess the alcohol drinking behavior of adolescents and its related factors among

280 3rd year and 4th year high school students in one purposively selected high

school in Baguio, Philippines during January, 2008. A high proportion of

respondents in this study (74.3%) were 15-16 years old. The data were analyzed

by using MINITAB. Chi-Square test was used for testing association between the

dependent variable and independent variables and criteria for statistical

significance was set at α = 0.05. There were 30.8% of students as drinkers; 47.1%

of drinkers were males and 18.2% were females. There was a statistically

significant association between alcohol drinking behavior and being male (Chi-

Square = 26.9; p-value = 1 bottle of alcohol per day.

Drinking alcoholic beverages beyond one's capacity to the point of intoxication is

a risky behavior in which most young people get involved at some time. In a

survey conducted by the University of the Philippines in 1994, 60 per cent or 5.3

million Filipino youths are said to be drinking alcoholic beverages. About 4.2

million of them are males and 1.1 million are females. The study stated that most
 10

of the Filipino teenagers have tried cigarettes, alcohol, and drugs. In fact, there

are more alcoholic drinkers than smokers. On the average, Filipino youths start

drinking alcohol at the age of 16 or 17. However, there are also many cases

when children as young as 12 years old are already drinking alcoholic

beverages. About 37 per cent of the respondents in the survey have continued

the habit of drinking alcohol while 33 per cent said they only drink alcoholic

beverages on special occasions. Some 17 per cent said they have already

decided to stop the vice of drinking. (Valbuena, 2001)

 11

Foreign Studies

According to Aertgeerts and Buntinx (2002) they examined the relationship

of alcohol abuse among the first year students in US. Aertgeerts and Buntinx found

out that 14.2% of students are drinking alcohol and abuse it. There are 49.7% of

male students and 48.9% of female students continue their college. So about half

of freshmen are succeeded to to enter there sophomore year. But it is intimate the

alcohol consumption is the major issue among students.

According to Steketee et.,al (2013) To investigate the projects’ objectives

we made use of the International Self-Report Delinquency study or ISRD-2 (2006),

a cross-national dataset of European countries that surveyed also adolescents’

alcohol and substance use patterns (aged 12 to 16 years old). The analyses

revealed that alcohol use is quite common among European adolescents, although

clear differences were observed between the various countries. Overall, 60.4% of

the adolescents have been drinking beer, wine and breezers at least once in their

lifetime and 34.2% have been drinking spirits. The last month prevalence rates are

were nearly half, respectively 28.1% and 13.5%. The prevalence rates for heavy

episodic drinking are 28.1% for beer, wine and breezers and 13.5% for spirits.

These results are congruent with previous cross-national studies, such as the

ESPAD study.

Underage drinking contributes to a wide range of costly health and social

problems, including motor vehicle crashes (the greatest single mortality risk for

youth and young adults aged 12–20 years); suicide; interpersonal violence(e.g.,

homicides, assaults, rapes); unintentional injuries such as burns, falls, and

 12

drowning; brain impairment; risky sexual activity; academic problems; and alcohol

and drug poisoning. On average, alcohol is a factor in the deaths of approximately

4,300 youths in the U.S. per year, shortening their lives by an average of 60 years.

Alcohol consumption involves youth in the criminal justice system, both through

arrests for violating laws against underage possession and through the illegal and

harmful consequences of their actions while intoxicated.

Despite a growing literature in this area, no study has convincingly

answered the question of whether alcohol consumption inhibits high school

students’ learning. Alcohol consumption could be an important determinant of how

much a high school student learns without having a strong impact on his or her

decision to stay in school or attend college. This question is fundamental and

timely, given recent research showing that underage drinkers are susceptible to

the immediate consequences of alcohol use, including blackouts, hangovers, and

alcohol poisoning, and are at elevated risk of neurodegeneration (particularly in

regions of the brain responsible for learning and memory), impairments in

functional brain activity, and neurocognitive defects (Zeigler et al., 2004)

According to Chatterji (2006) the use of a bivariate probit model of alcohol

use and educational attainment to gauge the sensitivity of the estimates to various

assumptions about the correlation of unobservable determinants of these

variables. She concluded that there is no evidence of a causal relationship

between alcohol use and educational attainment when the correlation coefficient

is fixed at plausible levels.

 13

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The research is a descriptive type of a quantitative study because it will

explain and discuss the factors affecting alcoholic drinking of the selected students

of St. Pius X Institute.

“Descriptive research is research used to “describe” a situation, subject,

behavior, or phenomenon. It is used to answer questions of who, what, when,

where, and how associated with a particular research question or problem.

Descriptive studies are often described as studies that are concerned with finding

out “what is”. It attempts to gather quantifiable information that can be used to

statistically analyze a target audience or a particular subject. Description research

is used to observe and describe a research subject or problem without influencing

or manipulating the variables in any way. Hence, these studies are really

correlational or observational, and not truly experimental. This type of research is

conclusive in nature, rather than exploratory. Therefore, descriptive research does

not attempt to answer “why” and is not used to discover inferences, make

predictions or establish causal relationships.”

(https://cirt.gcu.edu/research/developmentresources/research/ready/descriptive/o

verviw)
 14

Population and Locale

The research study will be conducted to the selected students of Saint Pius

X Institute who are drinking alcohol because they are the one who is our subjects

for this research study.

The study will be conducted inside of Saint Pius X Institute of Cuyapo for

the data gathering.

Research Instrument

The research statement is a questionnaire that consists of 15 questions.

This questionnaire will be the basis of the findings for the factors that affecting

alcoholic drinking to selected students of Saint Pius X Institute.

The researchers will use questionnaire as a primary instrument in gathering

and collecting data. The researchers will dig deeper into the factors affecting

alcoholic drinking to selected students of Saint Pius X Institute.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will seek the permission of the principal for them to

administer the questionnaire to the students of Saint Pius X Institute. After seeking

permission from the principal, the researchers will ask permission from their

respondents and explain their advocacy and if they approve it, they will now start

surveying. Questionnaires were distributed to the selected students of Saint Pius

X Institute who are drinking alcohol

 15

After gathering all the survey forms, the researchers will now tabulate each

forms for the result. We counted how many students chose a certain answer and

compare each number to find out the most common factors of alcoholic drinking

among students.

The data gathered will be analyzed and interpreted.

 16

CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS OF DATA AND INTERPRETATION OF

FINDINGS

Alcoholism is a continued excessive or compulsive use of alcohol drinks. A

chronic, a progressive, potentially fatal disorder marked by excessive and usually

compulsive drinking of alcohol leading to psychological and physical dependence

or addiction. Student who drink alcohol has a reason why they do things like

drinking alcohol at their young age. Among these students, there are common

factors affecting them to drink alcohol. Recent observations provide an insight

about the effects of alcoholic drinking.

This chapter embodies the presentation of data gathered, analyzed and

treated with prior interpretation to which more fact about the alcoholic drinking

among the selected students of Saint Pius X Institute Inc. It will provide information

about the factors why the students of Saint Pius X Institute drink alcohol at their

young age. It also gives information about the effects of alcoholic drinking to the

life of the students academically and how affects in their relationships with their

family.

SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

Table 1 up to 3 provide a basic analysis on the socio demographic profile

of the respondents.

The 50 sampled students represent the whole group of the Saint Pius X

Institute students who drink alcohol. The frequency counts and its corresponding
 17

distributions where used and employed to determine the socio-demographic

profiles. The following discussion will provide a merit for comprehensive

interventions and also a detailed explanation to the result as perceived by the

respondents:

Table 1

Socio-Demographic Profile of the Selected Students of Saint Pius X

Institute who Drink Alcohol
-Respondents in Terms of Age, Gender and Their Monthly Family
Income

N=50
Groups Frequency Percent

Age 15 7 14.0

16 9 18.0

17 22 44.0

18 12 24.0

Gender Male 31 62.0

Female 19 38.0

Monthly Family 20,000-30,000 27 54.0

Income 40,000-60,000 14 28.0

70,000-100,000 8 16.0

110,000 and above 1 2.0

Age. Among the students, 7 responds that they are already 15 years of age (14%),

9 responds that they are already 16 years of age (18%), 22 responds that they are

17 years of age (44%) and the remaining 12 responds is already 18 years of age
 18

(24.0) for the total of 50 number of sampled students. The result suggests that

majority of the selected students of Saint Pius X Institute who involved in alcoholic

drinking aged at 17 years old, with 44% of the samples. It does imply that most of

the students who are drinking alcohol is at 17 years of age.

Gender. The researchers seek for 50 total students who involved in alcoholic

drinking, both with Males and Females. The respondents were divided in the

following distribution: 62% of the students were Males and the remaining 38% of

the students were Females, thus there are 31 Males and 19 Females who

responds to this study. It means that Male drinker is higher in number than female

drinker in the selected students of Saint Pius X Institute.

Monthly Family Income. Among the 50 selected students, there are 27 (54%)

respondents who has a monthly income ranging from 20,000-30,000 pesos.

Followed by the 14 (28%) respondents who has a monthly income ranging from

40,000-60,000 pesos. Next is the 8 (16%) of the respondents who’s monthly family

income ranging from 70,000-100,000 pesos. And lastly, there is 1 (2%) of the

respondents whose monthly family income is ranging from 110,000 and above.
 19

Table no. 2.1

Table no. 2.1 shows the results about the reason why the students drink

alcohol at their young age.

Indicator Yes No Mean Value

a) Curiosity 17 33 1.66

b) Family Problem 7 43 1.86

c) Friends Influence 29 21 1.42

d) To reduce stress 10 40 1.80

e) For relaxation 15 35 1.70

f) Having personal Problem 8 42 1.84

g) School Problem 2 48 1.96

In the first question, the researchers found the result about the reason why

the students drink alcohol by using SPSS which “1” corresponds the answer “Yes”

with a mean value ranging from 1.00-1.49 while “2” corresponds the answer “No”

with a mean value ranging from 1.50-2.00. In this table the majority answer to this

is “Friends Influence” having 29 respondents with a mean value of 1.42 that

answered “Yes” in overall. Followed by “Curiosity” having 17 respondents with a

mean value of 1.66, third would be ‘For relaxation’ with 15 respondents having a

mean value of 1.70, fourth would be “To reduce stress” having 10 respondents

with a mean value of 1.80, fifth would be “Having personal problem” with 8

respondents having a mean value of 1.84, sixth would be “Family Problem” having
 20

7 respondents with a mean value of 1.86, and lastly is “School Problem” having 2

respondents with a mean value of 1.96.

Table no. 2.2

Table no. 2.2 shows the result about what or who influence them to drink

alcohol in their very young age.

Indicator Yes No Mean Value

a) Peer Pressure 14 36 1.72

b) Curiosity 20 30 1.60

c) Because You’re Bored 10 40 1.80

d) Influence of an Adult 16 34 1.68

e) Want to feel older 4 46 1.92

In the second question, the researchers found the result about what or who

influenced them to drink alcohol by using SPSS which “1” corresponds the answer

“Yes” with a mean value ranging from 1.00-1.49 while “2” corresponds the answer

“No” with a mean value ranging from 1.50-2.00. In this table the majority answer

to this is “Curiosity” having 20 respondents with a mean value of 1.60 in overall,

followed by “Influence of an adult” having 16 respondents with a mean value of

1.68, third would be “Peer pressure” with 14 respondents having a mean value of

1.72, fourth would be “Because you’re bored” having 10 respondents with a mean

value of 1.80, and lastly is “Want to feel older” with 4 respondents having a mean

value of 1.92.
 21

Table no. 2.3

Table no. 2.3 shows the result about how often they drink alcohol.

Indicator Yes No Mean Value

a) Everyday 1 49 1.98

b) 3-5 times a week 3 47 1.94

c) Once a week 13 37 1.74

d) Only on weekends 5 45 1.90

e) On special occasions 29 21 1.42

The researchers found the result about how often they drink alcohol by

using SPSS which “1” corresponds the answer “Yes” with a mean value ranging

from 1.00-1.49 while “2” corresponds the answer “No” with a mean value ranging

from 1.50-2.00. In question no 3 the majority answer here is “On special occasions”

with 29 respondents having a mean value of 1.42, second would be “Once a week”

having 13 respondents with a mean value of 1.74, third would be “Only on

weekends” having 5 respondents with a mean value of 1.90, fourth would be “3-5

times a week” having 3 respondents with a mean value of 1.94 and lastly would be

“Everyday” with 1 respondents having 1.98 of a mean value.

 22

Table no. 2.4

Table no. 2.4 shows the result about the different question answering by

‘Yes’ or ‘No’.

Indicator Yes No Mean Value

Qn. 4 Can you stop drinking when you want 43 7 1.14

to?
Qn. 5 Have you ever become violent or 9 41 1.82
aggravated while drinking?
Qn. 6 Have you ever skipped or missed 12 38 1.76
class because of drinking?
Qn. 7 Do you feel guilty about your drinking? 16 34 1.68

Qn. 8 Has a relative or friend ever been 30 20 1.40

concerned about your drinking or suggested
that you cut down?

The researchers found the result about the following questions by using

SPSS which “1” corresponds the answer “Yes” with a mean value ranging from

1.00-1.49 while “2” corresponds the answer “No” with a mean value ranging from

1.50-2.00. In this table In question no 4 ‘Can you stop drinking when you want to?’

there are 43 respondents who answered ‘Yes’ and 7 respondents who answered

‘No’ with a mean value of 1.14. In this table, In question no 5 ‘Have you ever

become violent or aggravated while drinking?’ there are 9 respondents who

answered ‘Yes’ and 41 respondents who answered ‘No’ with a mean value of 1.82.

In question no 6 ‘Have you ever skipped or missed class because of drinking?’

there are 12 respondents who answered ‘Yes’ and 38 respondents who answered

‘No’ with a mean value of 1.76. In question no 7 ‘Do you feel guilty about your

drinking?’ there are 16 respondents who answered ‘Yes’ and 34 respondents who

answered ‘No’ with a mean value of 1.68. In question no. 8 ‘Has a relative or friend
 23

ever been concerned about you’re drinking or suggested that you cut down?’ There

are 30 respondents who answered ‘Yes’ while there are 20 respondents who

answered ‘No’ with their mean value of 1.40.

Table no. 2.5

Table no. 2.5 shows the result about the effect of alcoholic drinking in the

academic life of the students.

Indicator Yes No Mean Value

a) Getting too late go to school 22 28 1.56

b) Cannot concentrate due to hang 21 29 1.58

over

c) Cannot pass requirements on time 4 46 1.92

d) Getting low of your grades 3 47 1.94

The researchers found the result about the effect of alcoholic drinking in the

academic life of the students by using SPSS which “1” corresponds the answer

“Yes” with a mean value ranging from 1.00-1.49 while “2” corresponds the answer

“No” with a mean value ranging from 1.50-2.00. In question no 9 the majority

answer here would be “Getting too late to go to school” having 22 respondents

with a mean value of 1.56, followed by “Cannot concentrate due to hangover” with

21 respondents and a mean value of 1.58, third would be “cannot pass

requirements on time” with 4 respondents having a mean value of 1.92, and lastly

“Getting low of your grades” having 3 respondents with a mean value of 1.94.
 24

Table no. 2.6

Table no. 2.6 shows the result about where they get their money to buy
liquor for them to drink it.
Indicator Yes No Mean Value

Question No. 10

a) Parents 4 46 1.92

b) From earnings 18 32 1.64

c) From my left allowance in a 22 28 1.56

week

d) Relatives 9 41 1.82

The researchers found the result about where they get their money to buy

liquor for them to drink it by using SPSS which “1” corresponds the answer “Yes”

with a mean value ranging from 1.00-1.49 while “2” corresponds the answer “No”

with a mean value ranging from 1.50-2.00. In question no 10. The majority answer

would be “From my left allowance in a week” with a mean value of 1.56 with 22

respondents. Second would be “From earnings” having 18 respondents with a

mean value of 1.64. Third would be “Relatives” with a mean value of 1.82 in 9

respondents. And lastly “Parents” with a mean value of 1.92 in 18 respondents

who answered.
 25

Table no. 2.7

Table no. 2.7 shows the result about if the parents or relatives if that student

know that they drink alcohol at their young age.

Indicator Yes No Mean Value

Q11. Did your parents or relative know that you 39 11 1.22

are drinking alcohol in your young age?

The researchers found the result if the parents or relatives if that student

know that they drink alcohol at their young age by using SPSS which “1”

corresponds the answer “Yes” with a mean value ranging from 1.00-1.49 while “2”

corresponds the answer “No” with a mean value ranging from 1.50-2.00. In

question no. 11 the researcher found the majority answer that most of the students

is legal to drink alcohol in their family or relatives having 39 respondents with a

mean value of 1.22

Table no. 2.8

Table no. 2.8 shows the result in answering question no. 12 about how

many bottles did they drink every time they drink.

Indicator 3-5 6-10 Ten above Mean Value

Q12. How many bottles did 35 6 9 1.48

you drink?

The researchers found the result about how many bottles did they drink

every time they drink by using SPSS “1” corresponds the answer “3-5 bottles” with

a mean value ranging from 1.00-1.67 while “2” corresponds the answer “6-10
 26

bottles” with a mean value ranging from 1.67- 2.33 and “3” corresponds the answer

“ten above” with a mean value 2.33- 3.00 In question no. 12 the majority answer

here would be 3-5 bottles with 35 respondents, next would be “Ten and Above”

having 9 respondents and lastly “6-10” having 6 respondents who answered with

a mean value of 1.48.

Table no. 2.9

Table no. 2.9 shows the result about is there a significance of drinking

alcohol to solve their personal problems.

Indicator Yes No Mean Value

Q13. Is there a significance of drinking alcohol 26 24 1.48

to solve their personal problems?

The researchers found the result about what or who influenced them to drink

alcohol by using SPSS which “1” corresponds the answer “Yes” with a mean value

ranging from 1.00-1.49 while “2” corresponds the answer “No” with a mean value

ranging from 1.50-2.00. In question no. 13 there are 26 respondents who answered

‘Yes’ while there are 24 respondents who answered ‘No’ with their mean value of

1.48, so majority there are more students who answered that alcoholic drinking

can solve their personal problem

 27

Table no. 2.10

Table no. 2.10 shows the result about if alcoholic drinking can resolve their

problems in life.

Indicator Yes No Sometimes Mean Value

Q14. Does drinking 9 22 19 2.20

alcohol can resolve your
problems in life?

The researchers found the result about if alcoholic drinking can resolve their

problems in life by using SPSS “1” corresponds the answer “Yes” with a mean

value ranging from 1.00-1.67 while “2” corresponds the answer “No” with a mean

value ranging from 1.67- 2.33 and “3” corresponds the answer sometimes with a

mean value 2.33- 3.00 In question no. 14 there are 9 respondents who answered

‘Yes’ while there are 22 respondents who said ‘No’ and 19 respondents who

answered ‘Sometimes with their mean value of 2.20, in majority most of the

students answered that alcoholic drinking cannot solve their problems in life.
 28

Table no. 2.11

Table no. 2.11 shows the result about the effect of alcoholic drinking in the

relationship with their family.

Indicator Yes No Mean Value

a) Always having conflict every time you 13 37 1.74

drink

b) Being grounded 22 28 1.56

c)Losing trust 14 36 1.72

The researchers found the result about the effect of alcoholic

drinking in the relationship with their family by using SPSS which “1” corresponds

the answer “Yes” with a mean value ranging from 1.00-1.49 while “2” corresponds

the answer “No” with a mean value ranging from 1.50-2.00. In question no. 15 the

majority answer would be “Being grounded” with a mean value of 1.56 in 22

respondents. Next would be “Losing trust” with a mean value of 1.72 in 14

respondents and lastly “Always having conflict every time you drink” with a mean

value of 1.74 in13 respondents.

 29

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and

recommendations based on the presentations, analysis and interpretation of

findings.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

Personal Attributes of students of Saint Pius X Institute

This study “Factors Affecting Alcoholic drinking among selected students of

St. Pius X institute” has been conducted intended primarily to seek for its principal

goal in determining the factors of alcoholic drinking of the students at their young

age and how significant related to their backgrounds and differences in terms of

their profile.

The research design have been utilized descriptive. The respondents are

came from the students who drink alcohol. The questionnaires have been

formulated to gather information about socio-demographic profile of the

respondents (Part I), Frequency and Mean Value of factors and effects of alcoholic

drinking (Part II).

The major findings were consolidated herein and summarize

chronologically according to the order of the raised problem in this study:

 30

Using the frequency counts and percentage distributions, the researchers

derived from these number of sample according to the socio-demographic

profiles shared by the respondents:

a.) Age. The most number of respondents falls to 17 years old with 44%

and few respondent at the age of 15 with 14%. Respondents that are

already 15 years of age (F=7) is 14%, respondents that are already 16

years of age (F= 9) is 18%, respondents that are 17 years of age (F=

22) is 44% and the remaining respondents is already 18 years of age

(F=12) is 24 % for the total of 50 number of sampled students.

b.) Gender. 62% of the students were Male and the remaining 38% of the

students were Female, thus the number of Males (F=31) is significantly

higher than the number of females (F= 19). It shows that Male drinker is

higher in number than female drinker in the selected students of Saint

Pius X Institute.

c.) Monthly Income. Among the 50 selected students, there are 27 (54%)

respondents who has a monthly income ranging from 20,000-30,000

pesos. Followed by the 14 (28%) respondents who has a monthly

income ranging from 40,000-60,000 pesos. Next is the 8 (16%) of the

respondents who’s monthly family income ranging from 70,000-100,000

pesos. And lastly, there is 1 (2%) of the respondents who’s monthly

family income is ranging from 110,000 and above.

 31

Level of alcoholic drinking to the respondents

Using the frequency counts, the researchers derived with the

accurate frequencies summarized by the average-weighted mean. The

frequency of factors affecting alcoholic drinking among students of St. Pius

X Institute. The researchers found the result about the following questions

by using SPSS which “1” corresponds the answer “Yes” with a mean value

ranging from 1.00-1.49 while “2” corresponds the answer “No” with a mean

value ranging from 1.50-2.00.

a) The respondents answered the question why they drink alcohol

and results were indicated here as follows: curiosity (x̅= 1.66),

Family Problem (x̅= 1.86), Friends Influence (x̅= 1.42), To reduce

stress (x̅= 1.80), For relaxation (x̅= 1.70), Having personal

problem (x̅= 1.84), School Problem (x̅= 1.96), this only means that

the reason why students drink alcohol is because of their friends

influence.

b) The respondents answered the question who/what influence

them to start drinking alcohol and the results were indicated here

as follows: peer pressure (x̅= 1.72), curiosity (x̅= 1.60), because

you’re bored (x̅= 1.80), Influence of an adult (x̅= 1.68), Want to

feel older (x̅= 1.92) and based to the result students start drink

with the influence of their curiosity.

 32

Students are prone in alcohol drinking.

62% of Male were prone to alcohol drinking while 38% were Female, thus the

number of Males (F=31) is significantly higher than the number of females (F= 19).

It shows that most of Male were drinker than female from the selected students of

Saint Pius X Institute.

Significant relationship between the academic performance of the students

and their drinking habits

The significant relationship between the academic performance of the

students and their drinking habits has no relations.

CONCLUSION

Based on the salient findings of the study the following conclusions were

drawn:

1. Majority of the 50 selected respondents are at the age of 17 or 44%, and

most of them are male and the family earns a monthly income of 20,000-

30,000.

2. Generally, student’s drunk alcohol because of the influenced by their friends

and by their curiosity. They are often drink alcohol when there is an

occasion.

3. Most of the Male respondents are alcoholic than Female

4. Alcoholic drinking has no effect on students’ academic performance and to

their family relationship.

 33

5. As the results there is a significance in drinking alcohol in solving their

personal problems but not their problem in life according to the respondents.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the conclusions drawn, the researcher strongly recommended the

following:

1. The school should disseminate the disadvantage of prohibited drinking

alcohol to our health.

2. Students should choose their friends wisely because in our generation

today we are easily influenced by others.

3. Parents should always give advice and guidance to their children.

4. They should try themselves to become busy in everyday living like: playing

basketball, listening music, watching movies and have a time with their

family.

5. Local government must implement rules that stores must not give students

or minors some liquors. And if there some stores who disobey this rules,

they will punished.

 34

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Introduction

https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/the-philippine

star/20150427/281711203195840

https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/the-philippine-

star/20150427/281711203195840

http://apapaonline.org/data/National_Data/Philippines/Alcohol_Media_Philippines

.pdf

Review of Related Literature

Local

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3026599/

http://oreoj12.tripod.com/id81.html

https://www.searidgealcoholrehab.com/overview-alcohol-abuse-addiction.php

https://noliquor.home.blog/2019/01/18/drinking-not-for-minors/

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol

http://apapaonline.org/data/National_Data/Philippines/Alcohol_Media_Philippines

.pdf
 35

Foreign

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2741556/

https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NACJD/studies/34658/version/2/publicatio

ns

https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(16)30192-1/pdf

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3026599/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3026599/

https://www.scribd.com/document/68975981/Review-of-Related-Literature)

Research Design

https://cirt.gcu.edu/research/developmentresources/research/ready/descriptive/o

verviw

Research Intrument

https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/6P3YDXC

https://uwaterloo.ca/canadian-student-tobacco-alcohol-drugs-

survey/questionnaires
 36

APPENDICES A

LETTER TO THE PRINCIPAL OF SAINT PIUS X INSTITUTE, Inc.

22 January 2019

Mrs. Teodora Ayson-Ramos

School Principal
Saint Pius X Institute
Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija

Dear Ma’am,
Greetings of peace and prosperity!
We the Grade 12 students of Saint Pius X. Institute Cuyapo (whose names are
listed below) are conducting our quantitative research which entitled “FACTORS
AFFECTING ALCOHOLIC DRINKING TO THE SELECTED STUDENTS OF ST.
PIUS X INSTITUTE.” The aim of the research is to determine the factors affecting
alcoholic drinking among the selected students of St. Pius X Institute.
In line with this, we are asking permission for us to conduct our research to your
selected people.
Rest assured that the floating of our questionnaires will not interrupt any events.
As such the confidentiality of the given information about the researchers they
observe while conducting. Thank you in advance as a mere anticipation of your
favorable response regarding this matter.
Thank you, and MAY GOD BLESS YOU ALWAYS!

Sincerely yours, Noted by:

Jeddys M. Bacoto Mr. Danilo C. Siquig Jr.
Dawn Meryll B. Domingo Research Adviser

Approved by:
Mrs. Teodora Ayson-Ramos
School Principal
 37

APPENDIX B

FACTORS AFFECTING ALCOHOLIC DRINKING TO

THE SELECTED STUDENTS OF ST. PIUS X INSTITUTE

Name (optional):_____________________________________________

Grade & Section (optional):______________________________________

Age:__________________

Gender:______________________

Monthly Family Income:____________________

1. Why do you drink?

o Curiosity
o Family Problem
o Friends Influence
o To reduce stress
o For relaxation
o Having personal problem
o School Problem
2. Who/what influence you to start drinking alcohol?
o Peer pressure
o Curiosity
o Because you’re bored
o Influence of an adult
o Want to feel older
3. How often do you drink?
o Everyday
o 3-5 times a week
o Once a week
o Only on weekends
o On special occasions
4. Can you stop drinking when you want to?
o Yes
o No
5. Have you ever become violent or aggravated while drinking?
o Yes
 38

o No
6. Have you ever skipped or missed class because of drinking?
o Yes
o No
7. Do you feel guilty about your drinking?
o Yes
o No
8. Has a relative or friend ever been concerned about your drinking or
suggested that you cut down?
o Yes
o No
9. What is the effect of drinking alcohol to your academic performance?
o Getting late to go to school
o Cannot concentrate on the lesson due to hang over
o Cannot pass requirements on time
o Getting low of your grades
10. Where did you get money to buy liquor?
o Parents
o From my earnings
o From my left allowance in a week
o Relatives
11. Did your parents or relative know that you are drinking alcohol in
your young age?
o Yes
o No
12. How many bottles did you drink?
o 3-5 bottles
o 6-10
o 10 and above
13. Is there a significance of drinking alcohol to solve their personal
problems?
o Yes
o No
14. Does drinking alcohol can resolve your problems in life?
o Yes
o No
o Sometimes
15. What is the effect of alcohol drinking in your relation with your
family?
o Always having conflict everytime you drink
o Being grounded
o Losing trust
 39

CURRICULUM VITAE

“Life is beautiful”

BACOTO, JEDDYS MATIAS

PERSONAL PROFILE

Current Address: District 8, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija

Email Address bacotojeddys@gmail.com

Birthdate March 19, 2001

Father’s Name Vicente D. Bacoto

Mother’s Name Jocelyn M. Bacoto

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

 Saint Pius X Institute (Aguila St. Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija)

 40

Junior High School

 Saint Pius X Institute (Aguila St. Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija)

ORGANIZATION

CAT I Unit S5 Supply Officer (S.Y 2016-2017)

Elementary

 Democrito M. Jose Elementary School (Aguila St. Cuyapo, Nueva

Ecija)
 41

CURRICULUM VITAE

“Life is cute”

DOMINGO, DAWN MERYLL BAUTISTA

PERSONAL PROFILE

Current Address: Barangay Bulala, Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija

Email Address: dawnmeryll@yahoo.com

Birthdate: April 14, 2001

Father’s Name: Diosdado D. Domingo

Mother’s Name: Marlene B. Domingo

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School

 Saint Pius X Institute (Augila Street, District 1, Cuyapo Nueva Ecija)

 42

Junior High school

 Cuyapo National High School

AWARDS ND ACHIEVEMENTS:

Graduated as with honor, March 2017

Elementary:

 Doña Consuelo Elementary School (District 5, Cuyapo Nueva Ecija)

AWARDS ND ACHIEVEMENTS:

Graduated as fourth honorable mention, March 2013

 43

RESEARCH JOURNEY