Chapter 14

1. 

2. 

3. a. (377)(10) cos 377t = 3770 cos 377t

b. (200)(0.6) cos(754t + 20) = 120 cos(754t + 20)

c. ( 2 20)(157) cos(157t  20) = 4440.63 cos(157t  20)

d. (200)(1) cos(t + 180) = 200 cos(t + 180) = 200 cos t

4. a. Im = Vm/R = 150 V/3 Ω = 50 A, i = 50 sin 200t

b. Im = Vm/R = 30 V/3 Ω = 10 A, i = 10 sin(377t + 20)

c. Im = Vm/R = 6 V/3 Ω = 2 A, i = 2 sin(ωt + 100)

d. Im = Vm/R = 12 V/3 Ω = 4 A, i = 4 sin(ωt + 220)

5. a. Vm = ImR = (0.1 A)(7  103 Ω) = 700 V

υ = 700 sin 1000t

b. Vm = ImR = (2  103 A)((7  103 Ω) = 14.8 V

υ = 14.8 sin(400t  120)

6. a. 0

b. XL = 12.56f = 12.56(60 Hz) = 753.6 

c. XL = 12.56f = 12.56(4 kHz) = 50.24 k

d. XL = 12.56f = 12.56(1.2 MHz) = 15.07 M

XL 2 k
7. a. L= = = 22 mH
2 f 2 (14.47 kHz)

XL 40 k
b. L= = = 1.2 H
2 f 2 (5.3 kHz)

XL XL XL
8. a. XL = 2πfL  f = = =
2 L (6.28)(1 mH) 6.28  10 3 H
10 
f= = 1.59 kHz
6.28  103 H

164 CHAPTER 14
 XL 4 k
b. f=  = 636.94 kHz
6.28  10 H 6.28  10 3 H
3

XL 12 k
c. f=  = 1.91 MHz
6.28  10 H 6.28  10 3 H
3

9. a. Vm = ImXL = (5 A)(20 ) = 100 V

υ = 100 sin(ωt + 90)

b. Vm = ImXL = (40  103 A)(20 ) = 0.8 V

υ = 0.8 sin(ωt + 150)

c. i = 6 sin(ωt + 150), Vm = ImXL = (6 A)(20 ) = 120 V

υ = 120 sin(ωt + 240) = 120 sin(ωt  120)

10. a. XL = ωL = (100 rad/s)(0.1 H) = 10 

Vm = ImXL = (10 A)(10 ) = 100 V
υ = 100 sin(100t + 90)

b. XL = ωL = (400 rad/s)(0.1 H) = 40 
Vm = ImXL = (5  106 A)(40 ) = 200 μV
υ = 200  106 sin(400t + 110)

Vm 120 V
11. a. Im = = = 2.4 A, i = 2.4 sin(ωt  90)
X L 50 

Vm 30 V
b. Im = = = 0.6 A, i = 0.6 sin(ωt  70)
X L 50 

12. a. XL = ωL = (60 rad/s)(0.2 H) = 12 

Im = Vm/XL = 1.5 V/12  = 0.125 A
i = 0.125 sin(60t  90)

b. XL = ωL = (10 rad/s)(0.2 H) = 2 
Im = Vm/XL = 16 mV/2  = 8 mA
i = 8  103 sin(t + 2  90) = 8  103 sin(t  88)

1 1
13. a. XC = = =
2 fC 2 (0 Hz)(5  10 6 F)

1 1
b. XC = = = 530.79 
2 fC 2 (60 Hz)(5  106 F)

1 1
c. XC = = = 15.92 
2 fC 2 (2 kHz)(5  106 F)

CHAPTER 14 165
 1 1
d. XC = = = 62.83 
2 fC 2 (2  10 Hz)(5  106 F)
6

1 1
14. XC  C 
2 fC 2 fX C

1
a. C
2 (265 Hz)(60 )
 10  F

1
b. C
2 (34 kHz)(1.2 k)
 3900 pF

1 1
15. a. f= = = 4.08 kHz
2 CX C 2 (3.9  10 6 F)(10 )

1 1
b. f= = = 34 Hz
2 CX C 2 (3.9  10 6 F)(1.2 k)

1 1
c. f= = = 408.1 kHz
2 CX C 2π(3.9  10 6 F)(0.1 )

1 1
d. f= = = 20.40 Hz
2 CX C 2 (3.9  10 F)(2000 )
6

16. a. Im = Vm/XC = 120 V/2.5  = 48 A

i = 48 sin(ωt + 90)

b. Im = Vm/XC = 4 × 103 V/2.5  = 0.16 A

i = 1.6 × 103 sin(ωt + 130)

1 1
17. a. υ = 30 sin 200t, XC = = = 5 k
ωC (200)(1  106 F)
Vm 30 V
Im = = = 6 mA, i = 6  103 sin(200t + 90)
X C 5 k

1 1
b. υ = 60  103 sin 377t, XC = = = 2.65 k
ωC (377)(1  106 )
3
V m 60  10 V
Im = = = 22.64 A, i = 22.64  106 sin(377t + 90)
XC 2,650 

166 CHAPTER 14
18. a. Vm = ImXC = (50  103 A)(10 ) = 0.5 V
υ = 0.5 sin(ωt  90)

b. Vm = ImXC = (2  106)(10 ) = 20 V
υ = 20  106 sin(ωt  30)

1 1
19. a. i = 0.2 sin 300t, XC =  = 5.952 k
ωC (300)(0.56  106 F)
Vm = ImXC = (0.2 A)(5.952 kΩ) = 1190.48 V, υ = 1190.48 sin(300t  90)

1 1
b. i = 8  103 sin (377t 30°), XC =  = 4.737 k
ωC (377)(0.56  106 F)
Vm = ImXC = (8  103 A)(4.737 k) = 37.81 V
υ = 37.81 sin(377t  120)

20. a. υ leads i by 90  L, XL = Vm/Im = 550 V/11 A = 50 

X 50 
L= L= = 132.63 mH
ω 377 rad/s
b. υ leads i by 90  L, XL = Vm/Im = 36 V/4 A = 9 
1 1
L= = = 147.36 μH
ωX L (754 rad/s)(9 )
c. υ and i are in phase  R
V 10.5 V
R= m= =7
I m 1.5 A

21. a. i = 5 sin(ωt + 90) 

 i leads  by 90  C
 = 2000 sin ωt 
Vm 2000 V
XC = = = 400 
Im 5A

b. i = 2 sin(157t + 60) 
  leads i by 90  L
 = 80 sin(157t + 150) 
40 
= 40 Ω, L = X L =
V 80 V
XL = m = = 254.78 mH
Im 2 A ω 157 rad/s

c.  = 35 sin(ωt  20) 
 in phase  R
i = 7 sin(ωt  20) 
Vm 35 V
R= = =5
Im 7 A

22. 

CHAPTER 14 167
23. 

1 1 1 1
24. XC = =R  f = = =
2 fC 2 RC 2 (2  10 )(1  10 F) 12.56  103
3 6

 79.62 Hz

25. XL = 2πfL = R
R 10,000 
L= = = 318.47 mH
2 f 2 (5  103 Hz)

26. XC = XL
1
 2 fL
2 fC
1
f2 =
4 2 LC
1 1
and f = = = 1.59 kHz
2 LC 2 (10  10 H)(1  106 F)
3

27. XC = XL
1 1 1
= 2 fL  C = 2 2 = = 5.07 nF
2 fC 4 f L 4(9.86)(2500  106 )(2  103 )

(60 V)(15 A)
28. a. P= cos 30 = 389.7 W, Fp = 0.866
2

(50 V)(2 A)
b. P= cos 0 = 50 W, Fp = 1.0
2

(50 V)(3 A)
c. P= cos 10 = 73.86 W, Fp = 0.985
2

(75 V)(0.08 A)
d. P= cos 40 = 2.30 W, Fp = 0.766
2

2
V m 48 V 8A
29. R= = = 6 , P = I2R =   6  = 192 W
Im 8A  2
V I (48 V)(8 A)
P = m m cos  = cos 0 = 192 W
2 2
 48 V  8 A 
P = VI cos θ =    cos 0 = 192 W
 2  2 
All the same!

168 CHAPTER 14
30. P = 100 W: Fp = cos θ = P/VI = 100 W/(150 V)(2 A) = 0.333
P = 0 W: Fp = cos θ = 0
300
P = 300 W: Fp = =1
300

31. P = V m I m cos 
2
(50 V) I m
500 W = (0.5)  Im = 40 A
2
i = 40 sin(ωt  50)

32. a. Im = Em/R = 34 V/6.8  = 3.53 A, i = 3.53 sin(2π60t + 20)

2
3.53 A
b. P = I2R = 6.8 Ω = 42.38 W
2

2 6.28
c. T = = = 16.67 ms
ω 2 60 rad/s
6(16.67 ms) = 100.02 ms  0.1 s

Vm 128 V
33. a. Im = = = 4.27 A, i = 4.27 sin(1000t  30)
X L 30 

XL 30 
b. L= = = 30 mH, standard = 30 mH
ω 1000 rad/s

c. L0W

34. a. Em = ImXC = (30  103 A)(2.4 k) = 72 V

e = 72 sin(2π500t  20  90) = 72 sin(2π500t  110)

1 1
b. C= = = 0.133 μF standatd = 0.13 μF
ωX C (3.14  10 rad/s)(2.4 k)
3

c. P=0W

1 1 1
35. a. X C1 = = = = 50 
2 f C1 ωC1 (10 rad/s)(2  F)
4

1 1
X C2 = = = 10 
ωC 2 (10 )(10  F )
4

E 84.85 V 60
E = 84.85 V 60 I1 = = = 1.697 A 150
Z C1 50    90
E 84.85 V 60
I2 = = = 8.485 A 150
ZC 2 10    90
i1 = 2.4 sin(10 t + 150)
4

i2 = 12 sin(104t + 150)

CHAPTER 14 169
 b. CT  2  F  10  F  12  F
1 1
XC  
 C (10 rad/s)(12  F)
4

 8.33 
E 84.8560
Is = 
XCT 8.33   90
= 10.19 A150
is = 14.4 sin (104t + 150°)

36. a. L1  L2 = 60 mH  120 mH = 40 mH
X LT = 2πfLT = 2π(10 Hz)(40 mH) = 251.33 
3

Vm = I m X LT =  24 A  (251.33 ) = 6.03 kV
and υs = 6.03 kV sin(103t + 30 + 90)

or υs = 6.03  103 sin(103t + 120)

Vm
b. I m1 = , X L1 = 2fL1 = 2(103 Hz)(60 mH) = 376.99 
X L1
6.03  103 V
I m1 = = 16 A
376.99 

and i1 = 16 sin(103t + 30)

X L2 = 2πfL2 = 2π(10 Hz)(120 mH) = 753.98 Ω
3

6.03  103 V
I m2 = =8A
753.98 

and i2 = 8 A sin(103t + 30)

37. a. 5.0 36.87 b. 2.83 45

c. 12.65 7.57 d. 1001.25 2.86
e. 4123.11 104.04 f. 0.894 116.57

38. a. 17.89 116.57 b. 8.94 26.57

c. 20.22 × 103 8.53 d. 8.49 × 103 135
e.  200 0° f. 1000 178.85

39. a. 4.6 + j3.86 b. 6.0 + j10.39

c. j2000 d. 6 × 103  j2.2 × 103
e. 47.97 + j1.68 f. 4.7 × 104 j1.71 × 104

40. a. 42 + j0.11 b. 1 × 103  j1.73 × 103

c. 3 × 103  j5.20 × 103 d. 6.13 × 103 + j5.14 × 103
e. 15 f. 2.09 × 103  j1.20

170 CHAPTER 14
41. a. 11.8 + j7.0
b. 151.90 + j49.90
c. 4.72 × 106 + j71

42. a. 5.20 + j1.60

b. 209.30 + j311.0
c. 21.20 + j12.0

43. a. 12.17 54.70°

b. 98.37 13.38°
c. 28.07 115.91°

44. a. 12.0 + j34.0

b. 86.80 + j312.40
c. 283.90  j637.65

45. a. 8.00 20°

b. 49.68 64.0°
c. 40 × 10340°

46. a. 6.0 50°

b. 200 × 106 60°
c. 109 170°

47. a. 4
b. 4.15  j4.23
c. 6.69  j6.46

10  j 5
48. a. = 10.0  j5.0
1  j0

8 60 8 60
b.  = 19.38  103 15.69
102  j 400 412.80 75.69

(6 20)(120   40)(8.54 69.44) 6.15  103 49.44

c.  = 3.07  103 79.44
2   30 2   30

CHAPTER 14 171
 (0.16 120)(300 40) 48 160
49 a.  = 5.06 88.44
9.487 71.565 9.487 71.565

 1  8  1 
b.  4  2  
 4  10 20   j ( j )   36  j 30 

 8  1 
 2500   20    

 j  46.861   39.81  

(2500 20)(8j)(0.0213 39.81) = 426 109.81

50. a. x + j4 + 3x + jy  j7 = 16
(x + 3x) + j(4 + y  7) = 16 + j0
x + 3x = 16 4+y7=0
4x = 16 y = +7  4
x=4 y=3

b. (10 20)(x 60) = 30.64  j25.72

10x 40 = 40 40
10 x = 40
x=4
51. a. 5x + j10
2  jy
──────
10x + j20  j5xy  j210y = 90  j70
(10x + 10y) + j(20  5xy) = 90  j70
10x + 10y = 90
x+y=9 20  5xy = 70
x=9y 20  5(9  y)y = 70
5y(9  y) = 90
y2  9y + 18 = 0
(9)  (9) 2  4(1)(18)
y=
2
93
y= = 6, 3
2
For y = 6, x = 3
y = 3, x = 6
(x = 3, y = 6) or (x = 6, y = 3)

80 0
b. = 4 θ = 3.464  j2 = 4 30
40 
θ = 30

52. a. 160.0 30

b. 25  103 40
c. 70.71 90

172 CHAPTER 14
53. a. 14.14 180
b. 4.24  106 90
c. 2.55 × 10670

54. a. 56.57 sin(377t + 20) b. 169.68 sin (377t + 10)

c. 11.31  103 sin(377t  110) d. 6000 sin(377t  180)

55. (Using peak values)

ein = υa + υb  υa = ein  υb
= 60 V 45  20 V 45
= 63.25 V  63.43
and ein = 63.25 sin (377t + 63.43)

56. is = i1 + i2  i1 = is  i2
(Using peak values) = (20  106 A 60)  (6  106 A 30) = 20.88  106 A  76.70
i1 = 20.88  106 sin (t + 76.70)

57. ein = υa + υb + υc
υa = ein  υb  υc
= 120 V 30°  30 V 60°  40 V 120°
= 108.92 V 0.33°
ein = 108.92 sin(377t  0.33°)

58. Is = I1 + I2 + I3
I1 = Is  I2  I3
= 12.73 A 180°  5.66 A 180°  2[5.66 A 180°]
= 12.73 A 180°  5.66 A 180°  11.32 A 180°
= 4.25 A 0°
i1 = 6.01 sin 377t

CHAPTER 14 173