Chapter 11

Exercise Solutions
EX11.1
vE = VBE ( on ) vE = 0.7 V
I C1 = I C 2 = 0.5 mA
vC1 = vC 2 = 10 ( 0.5 )(10 ) vC1 = vC 2 = 5 V

EX11.2
iC 2
1
=
= 0.99
IQ
vd
1 + exp
VT
v
1
1 + exp d =
0.99
V
T
v
exp d
VT

1
1
=
0.99

1 vd = 119.5 mV
vd = VT ln
0.99

EX11.3
a.

v1 = v2 = 0 vE = 0.7 V
VRC = ( 0.25 )( 8 ) = 2 V vC1 = vC 2 = 3 V vEC1 = 3.7 V

b.

v1 = v2 = 2.5 V vE = 3.2 V vEC1 = 6.2 V

c.

v1 = v2 = 2.5 V vE = 1.8 V vEC1 = 1.2 V

EX11.4
Let I Q = 1 mA, then I CQ1 = I CQ 2 = 0.5 mA
0.5
= 19.23 mA / V
0.026
v
1
At vC 2 , Ad = c 2 = g m RC 2
vd
2
g m1 = g m 2 =

1
(19.23) RC 2 RC 2 = 15.6 k
2
v
1
At vC1 , Ad = c1 = g m RC1
vd
2

So, 150 =

1
(19.23) RC1 RC1 = 10.4 k
2
If V + = +10 V and V = 10 V , dc biasing is OK.

So, 100 =

EX11.5

Acm =
1+

I Q RC

2VT
=
(1 + ) IQ RO
VT

( 0.8 )(12 )

2 ( 0.026 )
= 0.0594
101)( 0.8 )(100 )
(
1+
( 0.026 )(100 )

vo = Acm vcm = ( 0.0594 )(1sin t )( mV ) = 59.4sin t ( V )

EX11.6

vd = 40 V , vcm = 0
vo = ( 50 )( 40 ) 2.0 mV

(a)

(b)
vd = 40 V vcm = 200 V
Assuming Acm > 0
50
Acm

60 = 20 log10

Acm = 0.05
vo = ( 50 )( 40 ) + ( 0.05 )( 200 )
vo = 2.010 mV

EX11.7

Diff. Gain Ad =

a.

I Q RC
4VT

For v1 = v2 = 5 V Minimum collector voltage

vC 2 = 5 V

IQ

RC = 15 5 = 10 V or I Q RC = 20 V for max. Ad
2
20
Then Ad =
Ad ( max ) = 192
2 ( 0.026 )
If I Q = 0.5 mA, RC = 40 k

b.

I Q RC

2VT
Acm =
(1 + ) I Q R0
1 +

VT

Then

20

2 ( 0.026 )

Acm =
Acm = 0.199
( 201)( 0.5 )(100 )
1 +
( 0.026 )( 200 )

192
and C M RRdB = 20 log10
C M RRdB = 59.7 dB
0.199

EX11.8
Rid = 2 r + (1 + ) RE
r =

VT
I CQ

(100 )( 0.026 )
0.25

= 10.4 K

Rid = 2 10.4 + (101)( 0.5 ) = 122 K

EX11.9
Ad =

g m RC
2 (1 + g m RE )

( 9.62 )(10 )
2 1 + ( 9.62 ) RE
1 + ( 9.62 ) RE = 4.81 RE = 0.396 K
Rid = 2 r + (1 + ) RE = 2 10.4 + (101)( 0.396 )
10 =

Rid = 100.8 K

EX11.10
10 VGS 4
2
= K n 3 (VGS 4 VTN )
I1 =
R1
10 VGS 4 = ( 0.1)( 80 )(VGS 4 0.8 )

10 VGS 4 = 8 (VGS2 4 1.6VGS 4 + 0.64 )

8VGS2 4 11.8VGS 4 4.88 = 0
VGS 4 =

11.8

(11.8) + 4 ( 8)( 4.88)

2 (8)
2

= 1.81 V

10 1.81
= 0.102 mA
80
0.102
= ID2 =
= 0.0512 mA
2

I1 = I Q =
I D1

= K n1 (VGS 1 VTN )

0.0512 = 0.050 (VGS 1 0.8 ) VGS 1 = 1.81 V

2

v01 = v02 = 5 ( 0.0512 )( 40 ) = 2.95 V

Max vcm : VDS 1 ( sat ) = VGS1 VTN

= 1.81 0.8 = 1.01 V

vcm ( max ) = v01 VDS 1 ( sat ) + VGS 1
= 2.95 1.01 + 1.81
vcm ( max )

= 3.75 V

Min vcm : VDS 4 ( sat ) = VGS 4 VTN

= 1.81 0.8 = 1.01 V

vcm ( min )

= VGS 1 + VDS 4 ( sat ) 5

= 1.81 + 1.01 5

vcm ( min )

= 2.18 V

2.18 vcm 3.75 V

EX11.11

(1)( 2 )
g f ( max ) = 1 mA / V
2
( 2)
= g f RD = (1)( 5 ) Ad = 5

g f ( max ) =
Ad

K n IQ

EX11.12
K
Kn
iD1 1
= +
vd 1 n
2 IQ
IQ 2
2IQ

2
vd

Using the parameters in Example 11.11, K n = 0.5 mA / V 2 , I Q = 1 mA, then

0.5 2
iD1
1
0.5
= 0.90 = +
vd 1
vd
2
2 (1)
IQ
2 (1)
By trial and error, vd = 0.894 V
EX11.13
a.

gm =

IQ
2VT

0.5
= 9.615 mA/V
2 ( 0.026 )

r02 =

VA 2 125
=
= 500 k
I C 2 0.25

r04 =

VA 4
85
=
= 340 k
I C 4 0.25

Ad = g m ( r02 r04 ) = ( 9.615 ) ( 500 340 ) Ad = 1946

b.

c.

Ad = g m r02 r04 RL

Ad = ( 9.615 ) 500 340 100 Ad = 644

VT (150 )( 0.026 )
r =
=
= 15.6 k
I CQ
0.25

Rid = 2r Rid = 31.2 k

d.

R0 = r02 r04 = 500 340 R0 = 202 k

EX11.14
80
80
2
2
I REF = (10 )(VGS 4 0.5 ) = ( 0.33)(VGS 5 0.5 )
2
2
VGS 4 + 2VGS 5 = 6
1
VGS 5 = ( 6 VGS 4 )
2
10
1
(VGS 4 0.5) = ( 6 VGS 4 ) 0.5
0.33
2
6.0VGS 4 = 5.252 VGS 4 = 0.8754 V
80
2
I REF = (10 )( 0.8754 0.5 ) = 53.37 A
2
Also I Q = I REF = 53.37 A
80
g m = 2kn I Q = 2 (10 )( 53.37 ) 0.2066 mA/V
2
1
1
=
= 1873.7 K
ro1 = ro8 =
ID
0.05337
( 0.02 )

Ad = g m ( ro1 & ro8 ) = ( 0.2066 )(1873.7 & 1873.7 )

Ad = 194

EX11.15
Ad = g m ( ro 2 & RO )
400 = g m ( 500 & 101000 ) g m = 0.8 mA / V
g m = 2 K n I DQ
0.08 W
W W
0.8 = 2
( 0.1) = = 40
2 L 1
L 1 L 2

EX11.16

I e 6 = (1 + ) I b 6 = I b 7
I c 7 = I b 7 = (1 + ) I b 6
Ic7
= (1 + ) = (100 )(101) = 1.01 104
Ib6

EX11.17
r + 300
ROA = A
1+

I CA =
1+

=
1+

I EA

(1) 9.803 A
1 +
(100 )( 0.026 )
r A =
= 265.2 K
0.009803
265.2 + 300
ROA =
= 5.596 K
101
r + ROA
RO = B
10
1+
r B =

(100 )( 0.026 )

= 2.626 K
0.99
2.626 + 5.596
10
RO =
101
RO = 81.4 & 104 = 80.7

EX11.18
10 0.7 ( 10 )
I1 =
= 0.6 R1 = 32.2 K
R1
I
I Q R2 = VT ln 1
I
Q

( 0.2 ) R2 = ( 0.026 ) ln

0.6
R2 = 143
0.2

I R 6 = I1 R3 = 0
10 = I C1 RC + VCE1 0.7
10.7 = ( 0.1) RC + 4 RC = 67 K
vo 2 = 0.7 + 4 = 3.3 V
vE 4 = 3.3 1.4 = 1.9 V
I R4 =

vE 4
1.9
R4 =
R4 = 3.17 K
0.6
R4

vC 3 = vO 2 1.4 + vCE 4
= 3.3 1.4 + 3 = 4.9 V
I R 5 = I R 4 = 0.6 =

10 4.9
R5 = 8.5 K
R5

vE 5 = 4.9 0.7 = 4.2 V R6 =

R7 =

0 ( 10 )
5

R7 = 2 K

4.2 0.7
= 5.83 K
0.6

EX11.19
Ri 2 = r 3 + (1 + ) r 4

(100 )( 0.026 )

r 4 =

0.6

2VT

r 3

I R4

= 4.333 K

(100 ) ( 0.026 )
2

0.6

= 433.3 K

Ri 2 = 433.3 + (101)( 4.333) Ri 2 = 871 K

Ri 3 = r 5 + (1 + R6 + r 6 + (1 + ) R7

(100 )( 0.026 )

r 5 =

0.6
(100 )( 0.026 )

r 6 =

= 4.333 K

= 0.52 K
5
Ri 3 = 4.333 + (101) 5.83 + 0.52 + (101)( 2 )
Ri 3 = 21.0 M
gm
0.1
RC Ri 2 ) g m =
= 3.846 mA/V
(
2
0.026
3.846
Ad 1 =
( 67 871) = 119.64
2
I
0.6
A2 = R 4 ( R5 Ri 3 ) =
(8.5 21000 ) = 98.037
2 ( 0.026 )
2VT
Ad 1 =

A = Ad 1 A2 = (119.64 )( 98.037 ) = 11, 729

EX11.20
fz =

1
1
=
2 RO CO 2 (10 106 )( 0.2 1012 )

f z = 79.6 kHz
fp =

1
2 Req CO

Req = 51.98 from Example 11.20

1
fp =
2 ( 51.98 ) ( 0.2 1012 )
f p = 15.3 GHz

TYU11.1
Vd = V1 V2
= 2 + 0.005sin t ( 0.5 0.005sin t ) Vd = 1.5 + 0.010sin t ( V )
V1 + V2
2
2 + 0.005sin t + 0.5 0.005sin t
=
Vcm = 1.25 V
2

Vcm =

TYU11.2
For v1 = v2 = +4 V Minimum vC1 = vC 2 = 4 V
IQ
I C1 = I C 2 =
= 1 mA
2
10 4
RC =
RC = 6 k
1

TYU11.3
From Equation (11.41)
g R
CMRR = m O
RC

RC

For CMRR |dB = 75 dB CMRR = 5623.4

Then 5623.4 =

( 3.86 )(100 )
RC

(10 )

Or RC = 0.686 K
TYU11.4
From Equation (11.49)
1 + 2 RO g m
CMRR =
g
2 m
gm

For CMRR |dB = 90 dB CMRR = 31622.8

1 + 2 (100 )( 3.86 )
Then 31622.8 =
( 3.86 )
2g m

g m 0.0472
=
= 0.0122 1.22%
Or g m = 0.0472 mA/V or
3.86
gm

TYU11.5
For v1 = v2 = 5 V min vC1 = vC 2 = 5 V
So I C1 RC = 10 5 = 0.25 RC RC = 20 k
Ad =

I Q RC

4VT

( 0.5 )( 20 )
Ad
4 ( 0.026 )

= 96.2 Let I Q = 0.5 mA

C M RRdB = 95 db C M RR = 5.62 104 Acm =

Acm

I Q RC

2VT
=
= 1.71 103
(1 + ) I Q R0
1 +

VT

( 0.5 )( 20 )

2 ( 0.026 )
= 1.71 103
( 201)( 0.5 ) R0
1 +

( 0.026 )( 200 )

1 + 19.33R0 = 1.125 105 R0

= 5.82 103 k
= 5.82 M

We have R0 = r04 1 + g m 4 ( R2 r 4 )
r04 =

VA 125
=
= 250 k
I Q 0.5

gm4 =
r 2 =

IQ
VT

VT
IQ

0.5
= 19.23 mA/V
0.026

( 200 )( 0.026 )
0.5

= 10.4 k

96.2
Acm = 1.71 103
5.62 104

5.820 = 250 1 + g m 4 ( R2 r 4 )

19.23 ( R2 r 2 ) = 22.28

(R

r 2 ) = 1.159 k

R2 (10.4 )

R2 + 10.4

= 1.159

R2 (10.4 1.16 ) = (1.16 )(10.4 ) R2 = 1.30 k

Let I1 = 1 mA
I
I Q R2 I1 R3 = VT ln 1
I
Q

( 0.5)(1.304 ) (1) R3 = ( 0.026 ) ln

1
R3 = 0.634 k
0.5

If VBE ( Q3 ) 0.7 V

10 0.7 ( 10 )

R1 + R3 =

= 19.3 R1 18.7 k

TYU11.6
a.
v0 = Ad vd + Acm vcm
vd = v1 v2 = 0.505sin t 0.495sin t
= 0.01sin t
v +v
0.505sin t + 0.495sin t
vcm = 1 2 =
2
2
= 0.50sin t
v0 = ( 60 )( 0.01sin t ) + ( 0.5 )( 0.5sin t ) v0 = 0.85sin t ( V )

b.
vd = v1 v2
= 0.5 + 0.005sin t ( 0.5 0.005sin t )
= 0.01sin t
v +v
vcm = 1 2
2
0.5 + 0.005sin t + 0.5 0.005sin t
=
2
= 0.5
v0 = ( 60 )( 0.01sin t ) + ( 0.5 )( 0.5 ) v0 = 0.25 + 0.6sin t ( V )
TYU11.7

a.
b.

I B1 = I B 2 =
r =

VT
I CQ

IQ / 2

1
I B1 = I B 2 = 6.62 A
151

(1 + )
(150 )( 0.026 )

= 3.9 k

Rid = 2r = 2 ( 3.9 ) = 7.8 k

Ib =

c.

Vd 10sin t ( mV )
=
I b = 1.28sin t ( A )
Rid
7.8 k

Ricm 2 (1 + ) R0 = 2 (151)( 50 ) 15.1 M

Ib =

Vcm
3sin t
=
I b = 0.199sin t ( A )
Ricm 15.1 M

TYU11.8
Ad = g f RD
8 = g f ( 4 ) g f ( max ) = 2 mA / V
g f ( max ) =

( 2)

Kn IQ
2

4
= K n K n = 2 mA / V 2
2

TYU11.9
From Example 11-10, I Q = 0.587 mA
Kn2 IQ

( 0.1)( 0.587 )

(16) Ad = 2.74
2
1
1
=
R0 = 85.2 k
For M 4 , R0 =
4 I Q ( 0.02)( 0.587 )
Ad =

RD =

g m = 2 K n (VGS 2 VTN ) = 2 ( 0.1)( 2.71 1)

= 0.342 mA/V
Acm =

( 0.342)(16)
g m RD
=
Acm = 0.0923
1 + 2 g m R0 1 + 2 ( 0.342)(85.2)

2.74
C M RRdB = 20 log10
C M RRdB = 29.4 dB
0.0923

TYU11.10
1
CMRR = 1 + 2 2 K n I Q Ro
2
CMRRdB = 60 dB C M RR = 1000
1
1000 = 1 + 2 2 ( 0.1)( 0.2 ) R0

2
2000 = 1 + 0.4 R0 R0 5 M
TYU11.11
Ro = ro 4 + ro 2 (1 + g m 4 ro 4 )

Assume I REF = I O = 100 A and = 0.01 V 1

ro 2 = ro 4 =

1
1
=
1 M
I D ( 0.01)( 0.1)

Let K n ( all devices ) = 0.1 mA / V 2

( 0.1)( 0.1) = 0.2 mA / V

Ro = 1000 + 1000 (1 + ( 0.2 )(1000 ) ) 202 M

Then g m 4 = 2 K n I D = 2

Now VGS1 = VGS 2 =

ID
0.05
+ VTN =
+ 1 = 1.707 V
0.1
Kn

VDS1 ( sat ) = VGS 1 VTN = 1.707 1 = 0.707 V

So vo1 ( min ) = +4 VGS 1 + VDS 1 ( sat ) = 4 1.707 + 0.707

vo1 ( min ) = 3 V = 10 I D RD = 10 ( 0.05 ) RD RD = 140 k

For a one-sided output, the differential gain is:

Ad =

1
g m1 RD where g m1 = 2 K n I D
2

=2

( 0.1)( 0.05) = 0.1414 mA / V

1
( 0.1414 )(140 ) Ad = 9.90
2
The common-mode gain is:
2 K n I Q RD
2 ( 0.1)( 0.1) (140 )
Acm =
=
Acm = 0.0003465
1 + 2 2 K n I Q Ro 1 + 2 2 ( 0.1)( 0.1) ( 202000 )
Ad =

Ad
CMRRdB = 89.1 dB
Acm

Then CMRRdB = 20 log10

TYU11.12
I B5 =

a.

IQ

(1 + )

0.5
15.3 nA
(180 )(181)

So I 0 = 15.3 nA
b.
For a balanced condition
VEC 4 = VEC 3 = VEB 3 + VEB 5 VEC 4 = 1.4 V
VCE 2 = VC 2 VE 2 = (10 1.4 ) ( 0.7 ) VCE 2 = 9.3 V

TYU11.13
Ad = 2 g f ( r02 r04 )
gf =

IQ
4VT

0.2
= 1.923 mA/V
4 ( 0.026 )

r02 =

VA 2 120
=
= 1200 k
I C 2 0.1

r04 =

VA 4 80
=
= 800 k
I C 4 0.1

Ad = 2 (1.923) (1200 800 ) Ad = 1846

TYU11.14
P = ( I Q + I REF ) ( 5 ( 5 ) )

10 = ( 0.1 + I REF )(10 ) I REF = 0.9 mA

R1 =

5 0.7 ( 5 )
I REF

9.3
R1 = 10.3 k
0.9

I
I Q RE = VT ln REF
I
Q
0.026 0.9
ln
RE =
RE = 0.571 k
0.1
0.1
ro 2 =

VA 2 120
=
2.4 M
I C 2 0.05

ro 4 =

VA 4
80
=
1.6 M
I C 4 0.05

gm =

0.05
= 1.923 mA / V
0.026

Ad = g m ro 2 ro 4 RL = (1.923) 2400 1600 90 Ad = 158

TYU11.15
a.
R0 = r02 r04
120
r02 =
= 1.2 M
0.1
80
r04 =
= 0.8 M
0.1
R0 = 1.2 0.8 R0 = 0.48 M

b.
Ad ( open circuit ) = 2 g f ( r02 r04 )

Ad ( with load ) = 2 g f r02 r04 RL

For Ad ( with load ) =

1
Ad ( open circuit ) RL = ( r02 r04 ) RL = 0.48 M
2

TYU11.16
2Kn
1
Ad = 2

I Q ( 2 + 4 )
=2

2 ( 0.1)
0.1

( 0.01 + 0.015)

Ad = 113

TYU11.17
For the MOSFET, I D = 25
g m1 = 2 K n I D = 2

75
= 24.26 A
101

( 20 )( 24.26 ) = 44.05 A/V

For the Bipolar, I E = 100 25 = 75 A

100
IC =
( 75 ) = 74.26 A
101
(100 )( 0.026 )
r 2 =
= 35.0 K
0.07426
0.07426
gm2 =
= 2.856 mA/V
0.026
g (1 + g m 2 r ) ( 44.05 ) 1 + ( 2.856 )( 35 )
g mC = m1
=
1 + g m1r
1 + ( 0.04405 )( 35 )
g mC = 1.75 mA/V

TYU11.18
From Figure 11.43
80
r04 =
= 160 k
0.5
R0 r04 = (150 )(160 ) k R0 = 24 M

From Figure 11.44

1
1
r06 =
=
r06 = 160 k
I D ( 0.0125 )( 0.5 )
0.5 = 0.5 (VGS 1) VGS = 2 V
2

g m 6 = 2 K n (VGS VTN ) = 2 ( 0.5 )( 2 1) = 1 mA / V

r04 = 160 k

R0 = ( g m 6 )( r06 )( r04 ) = (1)(160 )(150 )(160 ) R0 = 3.840 M

TYU11.19
From Equation (11.126)
2 (1 + ) VT 2 (121)(120 )( 0.026 )
Ri = 1.51 M
Ri =
=
IQ
0.5
r 11 =

VT

IQ

(120 )( 0.026 )
0.5

= 6.24 k

RE = r 11 & R3 = 6.24 & 0.1 = 0.0984 k

g m11 =
r011 =

IQ
VT

0.5
= 19.23 mA/V
0.026

VA 120
=
= 240 k
I Q 0.5

Then RC11 = r011 (1 + g m11 RE )

= 240 1 + (19.23)( 0.0984 )

= 694 k

r 8 =

VT
IC 8

(120 )( 0.026 )
2

= 1.56 k

Rb8 = r 8 + (1 + ) R4 = 1.56 + (121)( 5 )

= 607 k
Then RL 7 = RC11 & Rb8 = 694 & 607 = 324 k

0.5
IQ
Then Av =
( 324 ) Av = 3115
RL 7 =
2 ( 0.026 )
2VT
r +Z
R0 = R4 || 8

1+
Z = RC11 & RC 7
V
120
RC 7 = A =
= 240 k
I Q 0.5
Z = 694 & 240 = 178 k
1.56 + 178
R0 = 5 ||
= 5 & 1.48 R0 = 1.14 k
121

TYU11.20
IQ
Av =
2VT

RL 7

0.5
103 =
RL 7 RL 7 = 104 k
2 ( 0.026 )