Chapter 9

Exercise Solutions
EX9.1
Av = 15 =

R2
R1

R1 = Ri = 20 K R2 = 15 R1 = 15 ( 20 ) = 300 K

EX9.2
We can write ACL =

R2 R3 R3
1 +
R1 R4 R1

R1 = R1 = 10 k
Want ACL = 50 Set R2 = R3 = 50 k
R
ACL = 50 = 5 1 + 3 5
R4
R
R
50
1+ 3 = 9 3 = 8 =
R4
R4
R4
R4 = 6.25 k

EX9.3
R2
1

R1

R2
1
1 +
1 +
R1
Ad
R
Ri = R1 = 25 k Let 2 = x
R1

We have ACL =

x
1
1+
(1 + x )
5 103
x
=
x
1.0002 +
5 103
x

12 1.0002 +
=x

5
103

12 =

12.0024 = x ( 2.4 10 3 ) x
R2
12.0024
= 12.0313 =
0.9976
25 k
R2 = 300.78 k
x=

EX9.4
R

R
R
R
v0 = F vI 1 + F vI 2 + F vI 3 + F VI 4
R2
R3
R4
R1

We need

RF
R
R
R
= 7, F = 14, F = 3.5, F = 10
R1
R2
R3
R4

Set RF = 280 k
280
7
280
R2 =
14
280
R3 =
3.5
280
R4 =
10

Then R1 =

= 40 k
= 20 k
= 80 k
= 28 k

EX9.5
We may note that

R3
R
R
R
3
20
=
= 2 and F =
= 2 so that 3 = F
R2 1.5
R1 10
R2 R1

Then
iL =

( 3)
vI
iL = 2 mA
=
R2 1.5 k

vL = iL Z L = ( 2 103 ) ( 200 ) = 0.4 V

i4 =

vL
0.4
=
= 0.267 mA
R2 1.5 k

i3 = i4 + iL = 0.267 + 2 = 2.267 mA

v0 = i3 R3 + vL = ( 2.267 103 )( 3 103 ) 0.4 v0 = 7.2 V

EX9.6
Refer to Fig. 9.24
R1 = 2 R1 = 5 k
Let R1 = R3 = 2.5 k
Set R2 = R4
Differential Gain =

EX9.7

v0 R2
R2
=
= 100 =
R2 = R4 = 250 k
v1 R1
2.5 k

We have the general relation that

R [ R4 / R3 ]
R2
v0 = 1 + 2
vI 2 vI 1

R1 1 + [ R4 / R3 ]
R1

R1 = R3 = 10 k, R2 = 20 k, R4 = 21 k
20 [ 21/10]
20
v0 = 1 +
vI 2 vI 1

+
10
1
21/10
[
]

10

v0 = 2.0323vI 2 2.0vI
a.
vI 1 = 1, vI 2 = 1
v0 = 2.0323 2.0 v0 = 4.032 V

b.

vI 1 = vI 2 = 1 V
v0 = 2.0323 2.0 v0 = 0.0323 V

c.

vcm = vI 1 = vI 2 so common-mode gain

v0
= 0.0323
vcm

Acm =

d.
A
C M R RdB = 20 log10 d
Acm
2.0323
1
Ad =
( 2.0 ) = 2.016
2
2
2.016
C M R RdB = 20 log10
= 35.9 d B
0.0323

EX9.8
v0 =

R4 2 R2
1 +
( vI 1 vI 2 )
R3
R1

Differential gain (magnitude) =

R4 2 R2
1 +

R3
R1

Minimum Gain Maximum R1 = 1 + 50 = 51 k

So Ad =

20 2 (100 )
1 +
Ad = 4.92
20
51

Maximum Gain Minimum R1 = 1 k

Ad =

20 2 (100 )
1 +
Ad = 201
20
1

Range of Differential Gain = 4.92 201

EX9.9
Time constant = r = R1C2 = (104 )( 0.1106 )
= 1 m sec
1
t
0 t 1 v0 =
R1 C2
At t = 1 m sec v0 = 1 V
0 t 2 v0 = 1 +

1
( t 1)
R1 C2

At t = 2 m sec v0 = 1 +

( 2 1)
1

=0

EX9.10
v0 = vI 1 + 10vI 2 25vI 3 80vI 4
From Figure 9.40, v13 input to R1, vI4 input to R2, vI1 input to RA, and vI2 input to RB.
From Equation (9.94)
RF
R
= 25 and F = 80
R1
R2
Set RF = 500 k, then R1 = 20 k, and R2 = 6.25 k.
R R
R R
Also 1 + F P = 1 and 1 + F P = 10
RN RA
RN RB
where RN = R1 & R2 = 20 & 6.25 = 4.76 k and RP = RA & RB & RC

We find that

RA
= 10
RB

Let RA = 200 k, RB = 20 k
500 RP
RP

Now 1 +
= 1 = (106 )

4.76 RA
200
Then RP = 1.89 k
RA & RB = 200 & 20 = 18.2 k

So RP = 1.89 =

18.2 RC
RC = 2.11 k
18.2 + RC

EX9.11 Computer Analysis

TYU9.1
ACL =

R2 100 k
=
ACL = 10
10 k
R1

vI = 0.25 V vo = 2.5 V
i1 =

vI
0.25
=
= 0.025 mA i1 = 25 A
R1 10 k

i2 = i1 = 25 A
Ri = R1 = 10 k

TYU9.2
(a)
R2
Av =
R1 + RS
100
= 4.926
19 + 1.3
100
= 5.076
Av ( max ) =
19 + 0.7
so 4.926 Av 5.076
Av ( min ) =

(b)

0.1
= 5.076 A
19 + 0.7
0.1
= 4.926 A
i1 ( min ) =
19 + 1.3
so 4.926 i1 5.076 A
i1 ( max ) =

(c)

Maximum current specification is violated.

TYU9.3
v0 = Ad ( v2 v1 )

Ad = 103

a.
v2 = 0, v0 = 5
v
5
v1 = 0 = 3 v1 = 5 mV
Ad
10
b.
v1 = 5, v0 = 10
v0
= v2 v1
Ad
10
= v2 5 v2 = 4.99 V
103
c.
v1 = 0.001, v2 = 0.001
v0 = 103 ( 0.001 0.001)
v0 = 2 V

d.
v2 = 3, v0 = 3

v0 = Ad ( v2 v1 )

v0
= v2 v1
Ad
3
= 3 v1 v1 = 2.997 V
103

TYU9.4
R

R
R
v0 = 4 vI 1 + 4 vI 2 + 4 vI 3
R2
R3
R1

40

40
40
v0 = ( 250 ) + ( 200 ) + ( 75 )
20
30
10

v0 = [1000 + 400 + 100]

v0 = 1500 V = 1.5 mV

TYU9.5

vI 1 + vI 2 + vI 3 RF
=
( vI 1 + vI 2 + vI 3 )
R
3
RF 1
= R1 = R2 = R3 R = 1 M
R 3
1
Then RF = M = 333 k
3
vO =

TYU9.6
v R
R
Av = 0 = 1 + 2 = 5 so that 2 = 4
vI
R1
R1
For v0 = 10 V, vI = 2 V
Then i1 =

2
= 50 A R1 = 40 k
R1

Then R2 = 160 k we find i2 =

v0 vI 10 2
=
= 50 A
160
R2

TYU9.7

v0 = Aod ( v2 v1 ) = Aod ( vI v1 )
v0
v
vI = v1 or v1 = vI 0
Aod
Aod
i1 =

v v
v1
= i2 and i2 = 0 1
R1
R2

1 v v
Then v1 = 0 1
R2
R1
1
1 v
v1 + = 0
R1 R2 R2
R
R
v
v0 1 + 2 v1 = 1 + 2 vI 0
R1
R1
Aod

R2
1 +
R1
v0

So Av = =
vI
1 R2
1+
1 +
Aod
R1

TYU9.8

 Rb
For vI 2 = 0, v2 =
Rb + Ra

vI 1 and

R Rb
v0 ( vI 1 ) = 1 + 2
vI 1
R1 Rb + Ra

70 50
= 1 +
vI 1
5 50 + 25

= 10vI 1
Ra
For vI 1 = 0, v2 =
vI 2
Rb + Ra
R Ra
v0 ( vI 2 ) = 1 + 2
vI 2
R1 Rb + Ra

70 25
= 1 +
vI 2
5 25 + 50

= 5vI 2
Then
v0 = v0 ( vI 1 ) + v0 ( vI 2 )
v0 = 10vI 1 + 5vI 2

TYU9.9

RS  Ri so i1 = i2 = iS = 100 A
v0 = iS RF

We want 10 = (100 106 ) RF RF = 100 k

TYU9.10
We want iL = 1 mA when vI = 5 V
iL =

( 5 )
VI
v
R2 = I =
R2 = 5 k
R2
i2
103

vL = iL Z L = (103 ) ( 500 ) vL = 0.5 V

i4 =

vL
0.5
=
i4 = 0.1 mA
R2 5 k

i3 = i4 + iL = 0.1 + 1 = 1.1 mA
If op-amp is biased at 10 V, output must be limited to 8 V.
So v0 = i3 R3 + vL
8 = (1.1 103 ) R3 + 0.5 R3 = 6.82 k

Let R3 = 7.0 k

Then we want

R3 RF 7
=
= = 1.4
R2 R1 5

Can choose R1 = 10 k and RF = 14 k

TYU9.11
a.
v v
i1 = I 1 I 2
R1
v01 = vI 1 + i1 R2 , v02 = vI 2 i1 R2 and v0 =
v0 =

R4
[vI 2 i1 R2 vI 1 i1 R2 ]
R3

v0 =

R4
( vI 2 vI 1 ) i1 ( R2 + R2 )
R3

R4
( v02 v01 )
R3

vI 2 vI 1
R4
( vI 2 vI 1 )
( R2 + R2 )
R3
R1

For common-mode input vI 2 = vI 1 v0 = 0 Common Gain = 0, C M R R =

v0 =

b.

Ad ( min ) R2 min, R1 max

20 100 + 95
Ad = 1 +
= 4.82
51
20
20 100 + 105
Ad ( max ) = 1 +
= 206
1
20

c.
A
CM RR = d
Acm

Acm = 0 C M R R =

TYU9.12
Differential Gain =

R4 2 R2
1 +

R3
R1

Let R3 = R4 so the difference amplifier gain is unity.

Minimum Gain Maximum R1

2 R2
So 1 +
= 2
R1 ( max )
We want 2 R2 = R1 ( max )

Maximum Gain Minimum R1

2 R2
So 1 +
= 1000 or 2 R2 = 999 R1 ( min )
R
1 ( min )

+ 100 = 100.1
If R2 = 50 k, let R1 ( min ) = 100 fixed resistor and let R1 ( max ) = 100

 k

pot

Then actual differential gain is in the range of 1.999 1001

TYU9.13

1 10 sec 10 106
t 0
=
r
r
(10 ) (10 106 )
After 10 pulses: v0 = 5 =
r

End of 1st pulse: v0 =

100 106
= 20 sec = r
5
r = R1C2 = 20 sec = 20 106

So r =

For example, C2 = 0.01 106 = 0.01 F R1 = 2 k

TYU9.14

+
R R
R + R
v01 =

V
( R R ) + ( R + R ) ( R + R ) + ( R R )
R R R + R +
V
=

2 R
2R
R R R R +
=
V
2R

R +
v01 =
V
R
For V + = 3.5 V, R = 50, R = 10 103
50
v01 = 4 ( 3.5 ) = 1.75 102
10

Need an amplifier with a gain of Ad =

v0
5
=
Ad = 285.7
vi 1.75 102

Use instrumentation amplifier, Fig. 9-25. Connect v01 to vI1 and ( v01 ) to vI2.
R 2R
Ad = 4 1 + 2 = 285.7
R1
R3

Let R4 = 150 k, R3 = 10 k Then

R2
= 9.02
R1

Let R2 = 100 k, R1 = 11.1 k

TYU9.15
1
+
R
v01 =
V
2 R + R (1 + )
R + R (1 + ) 2 R +
=
V
2 ( R + R (1 + ) )
=

R
V +
2R ( 2 + )

v01 V +
4
+
V = 5 For = 0.01
0.01
v01 =
( 5 ) = 0.0125
4
v
5
= 400
Need a gain Ad = 0 =
v01 0.0125
R 2R
Use an instrumentation amplifier Ad = 400 = 4 1 + 2
R1
R3
R
Let R4 = 150 k, R3 = 10 k then 2 = 12.8
R1

Let R2 = 150 k, R1 = 11.7 k