Planning and

Management of a Sustainable
MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Definition of Mass Transportation
John Jowhell H. Villegas, M.Eng.
II. Definition of
MASS TRANSPORTATION
PLANNING
2.1 What is Transportation?

Transportation Engineering
- movement of people/goods - application of science and
from one point to another technology to design and
- derivative demand of build structures efficiently
everyday human activity and economically

ENGINEERING
A safe efficient rapid comfortable convenient
B
economical environmentally
compatible
Transportation Engineering
Application of science and technology to the planning, functional design, operation
and management of transportation facilities in order to provide safe, efficient, rapid,
comfortable, convenient, economical and environmentally compatible movement of
people and goods
PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION
2.2 Components of Transportation
1) Links – physical links (i.e. tracks, roads, etc.)
2) Means of moving persons and goods
Vehicles, e.g. ships, planes, motor, rail vehicle, motorized
vehicles non-motorized vehicles,
3) Terminals – where travel and shipment commences and
ends, also where a change of mode or vehicle takes place

B
A
We need to PLAN the Move more
PEOPLE/GOODS with Efficiency C
TRANSPORTATION LESS ENERGY
SYSTEM sustainability
PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION
2.3 What is Transportation Planning?
Comprehensive Transportation Planning
- is the study of the present transportation patterns in relation to present
population, economy, and land use of an area;
- estimation of future transportation patterns related to prediction of future
population, land use and economy;
- development and evaluation of alternates;
- adoption of a transportation plan with proposals for its implementation,
scheduling and financing
Fundamentals of Traffic Engineering,
(Wolfgang Homburger, et.al, 1996)
Population
Population
Present  FUTURE
TRANSPORTATION PATTERNS
Economy
Economy
Organizing an
Land Urban space
Sustainable
Transportation system
Use (Lessen trip frequencies
and travel distances)
PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION
2.4 Basic Requirements of Transportation Plan
sufficient to furnish the facilities and
A Adequacy services needed
(future; unified; alternatives-optimum solution)

Compatibility in harmony with master plan for

C with Master general development in the area
Plans (total infrastructure development should be coordinated)

Environmental Environmental goals

E Compatibility (air quality and energy use)
Acceptable to majority of population, political
A Acceptability bodies, business community and others

Financial within financial resource capability

F Feasibility of the area
PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION
2.4 Basic Requirements of Transportation Plan

A Adequacy

Compatibility
C with Master
Plans

E Environmental
Compatibility
A Acceptability
Railway Plan in
Financial Metro Manila
F Feasibility
PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION
2.5a Basic Guidelines in Transportation Planning

Metropolitan Planning
1. The Three C’s :
Continuing;
Comprehensive;
Cooperatively

PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION

2.5a Basic Guidelines in Transportation Planning

Metropolitan Planning
2. Development of a Plan
a. Transportation Plan – describes policies, strategies
and facilities. It shall include an ANALYSIS of TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM considering various modes in order to achieve efficient
mobility with less energy use and pollution
b. Transportation improvement program – multi-
year transportation improvement projects consistent with
transportation plan. Includes FINANCIAL PLAN (public and private
sources. Comments/suggestions from citizens, agencies and other
parties shall be considered
c. Congestion Management System – urbanized areas
over 200,000 population  effective management of new and existing
transportation facilities; through TRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEMENT
PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION
2.5a Basic Guidelines in Transportation Planning
Metropolitan Planning
3. Requirements of the Planning Process
a. preservation of existing transportation facilities and increasing
efficiency
b. Consideration of social, economic and environmental effects
(transportation-related air quality problems)
c. Relieve existing congestion and prevent possible new congestion
locations
d. Transportation needs identified through management systems
e. Planning of mass transit that can be used by the elderly and
handicapped
f. Consideration of energy conservation goals
g. Inclusion of privately owned mass transit services and public agencies
involved in parking, ridesharing, enforcement and port and airport
management
h. Involvement of the public in the planning process
i. Enhance the movement of freight
PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION
2.5a Basic Guidelines in Transportation Planning
Metropolitan Planning
4. Technical Analysis
a. Analysis of existing travel conditions, transportation facilities and system
management
b. Evaluation of alternative management improvements
c. Projection of regional economic, demographic, and land-use activities,
and potential transportation demand
d. Estimation of the distribution of cost and impacts of transportation
alternatives on various segments of population
e. Analysis of alternative transportation investments to meet regional needs
f. Refinement of the transportation plan through the conduct of corridor
transit technology and staging studies
g. Subarea feasibility, location, legislative, fiscal, dunctional classification
and institutional studies
h. Monitoring and reporting of urban development and regular reappraisal
of the plan
i. Implementation planning
PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION
2.5b Basic Guidelines in Transportation Planning
Functional Classification of Facilities
1. The Major Highway Network
a. Controlled Access Highway (Expressway)
b. Arterial Highway
Planning Objectives:
- To concentrate through traffic on a network of expressways and major streets
- To enable through traffic to travel at higher speeds (access is separated)
- To remove through traffic from residential and other local streets
- To reduce the number of intersections where traffic volume are so high
Plans:
- Plans are based on traffic projections and assignment (selection of the major highway
type for each link in the network)
- Major highways should not cut through communities (land use allocation)
- The major highway system must be coordinated with:
i. local street system
ii. Other transportation modes (e.g. mass transit)
iii. Transportation terminals and off-street parking
PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION
2.5b Basic Guidelines in Transportation Planning
Functional Classification of Facilities
2. The Local Street System
a. Collector Street
b. Local Street
Planning Objectives:
- To provide access to private land by:
i. Connecting individual parcels of land to the street system via driveways
ii. Providing access for pedestrians (sidewalks)
iii. Providing access for vehicle occupants and goods carried on vehicles by permitting
parking and loading on streets adjacent to private land
- To provide safe condition

Plans:
- Standards are established for local streets
- Existing local streets which carry too much through traffic with high speed can be
redesigned to emphasize the road classification
- Existing local streets not meeting standards are programmed for improvement (e.g.
provision of sidewalk, gutter, etc.)
PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION
2.5b Basic Guidelines in Transportation Planning
Functional Classification of Facilities
3. The Mass Transit Network
Planning Objectives:
- To provide mass transportation facilities for that component of the total transportation
Plans:demand which is to be accommodated on mass transit systems
- Since the level of transit service provided is usually considered a major factor in
estimating transit patronage, several alternative transit plans should be compared.
(policy criteria shall be set for decision)
- Economic evaluation of transit alternatives must include OPERATING COST
- Financial resource studies shall determine possible sources of funds for transit
construction and operation
- Location of “arterial” transit routes – rail transit, express buses – must be coordinated
with the major highway system

PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION

2.5b Basic Guidelines in Transportation Planning
Functional Classification of Facilities
4. The Terminal Facilities Component
Transportation network cannot be considered to
operate adequately if insufficient provision for
passenger and freight transfer and for vehicle storage
at the ends of each trip.

PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION

2.5c Basic Guidelines in Transportation Planning
Long Range Transportation Plan
Typical 20 yr forecast period transportation plan, constitutes:
- Identify transportation facilities that functions as an
integrated metropolitan transportation system (facilities serve
as IMPORTANT national and regional transportation functions)
- Include a financial plan (public and private sources) with
innovative financing techniques
- Assess capital investment and other measures necessary to
preserve the existing system and to relieve
congestion/maximize mobility
- Meet requirements of Clean Air Act
- Provide citizens, other agencies and other interested
parties opportunity to comment on the proposed program

PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION

2.6 Sustainable Urban Transportation System

PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION

2.7 LPTRP

PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION

2.7 LPTRP

designed for corridor-

focused transportation
route planning

PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION

2.7 LPTRP
Local Government
Code of 1991
Mandated NATIONAL gov’t agencies to:
coordinate, inform and (possibly) involve Local Government Units
(LGUs) in the planning and implementation of programs, projects and
activities
LGUs have the mastery of the knowledge of their
needs in MOBILITY AND ACCESIBILITY/Local
Transportation Problems

LPTRP was envisioned to delegate to the LGUs the process

of developing route-oriented transport plans

PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION

2.7 LPTRP
New Transportation Planning Process
Traditional:
DOTr (Road Transport Planning Division) – determines the public transportation
routes (PUV Franchising)
Entities, apply for the corresponding franchise on the determined route that they
would like to provide public transport service

NOT INTEGRATED OR INTERCONNECTED WITH ONE ANOTHER

LPTRP:
LGUs (cities and municipalites)  prepare local LPTRPs (intracity/intramunicipal trips)

Provincial LGUs  prepare LPTRP (intercitcity/municipal, intraprovincial trips)

DOTr  finalization of interprovincial and interregional routes (national)
 in Metropolitan Manila intercity and intermunicipal trips DOTr shall
rationalize the routes in the interim (area LGUs determine)

PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION

2.7 LPTRP
Role of Concerned Agencies in LPTRP
Agency Role
LGU to provide access and mobility to people through public
(RA 7160) transportation services (identification)
DOTr Assist LGU in strengthening their capacities to prepare LPTRP (draft
guidelines/manuals and conduct trainings
Prepare interprovincial, interregional and national public
transportation plans (integration of different LPTRPs from
LGUs  seamless public transport system
DILG Joint Memorandum Circular No.1 Series of 2017
Help DOTr and LTFRB in requiring all LGUs to prepare and submit
LPTRPs to DOTr

LTFRB Economic regulator of the public transportation

Issuance of franchise (based on LPTRP)

PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION

2.7 Basic Principles of Public Transport Route Planning

OBJECTIVE:
reduce the reliance on private vehicle use and move
toward environmentally sound mobility solutions
DOTr shall:
- develop and promote HIGH-QUALITY Public Transportation
Systems (including Non-Motorized Transportation modes)
- Prioritize movement of people and goods instead of vehicles

LPTRPs from LGUs should be easy to understand and responsive to

the transport and mobility needs of one locality
(underserved; oversupply)
- shall be in conformance with and integrated with Comprehensive
Land-Use Plan (CLUP) and Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP)

PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION

2.7 Basic Principles of Public Transport Route Planning
Classification and Characteristics of Public
Transportation Services
I. Non-Fixed Route Passenger Public Transportation
no fixed route; fixed fare rate
provided by private operator: tricycle, taxi, rent-a-car, Transport
Network Vehicle Services (TNVS), etc.

II. Fixed Route Passenger Public Transportation

fixed route; fixed fare rate; regular schedule (some services)
MASS TRANSIT or TRANSIT service.

PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION

2.7 Basic Principles of Public Transport Route Planning

Classification of FIXED ROUTE PASSENGER PUBLIC

TRANSPORTATION
1. Collector/Distributor Service – local/short-distance route.
within small areas, local streets, no restriction on stopping,
low speeds, pick and drop passengers along the road
“PARA PO!” “LUGAR LANG”

2. Regular Service – trunk line route (main highways),

with stopping restrictions; with designated bus stops

3. Express Service – trunk line route/interregional route,

spaces of stops are distant, usually, EXPRESS SERVICE stops
only at the terminal / route’s end
10 -12 hrs operation “all day basis” depending on the
demand PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION
2.7 Basic Principles of Public Transport Route Planning

Service Characteristics of Transportation Modes

PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION

2.7 Basic Principles of Public Transport Route Planning

Estimated Passenger
Capacity per hour per
direction per type of mode

PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION

2.7 Basic Principles of Public Transport Route Planning

Estimated Passenger
Capacity per hour per
direction per type of mode

PLANNING OF MASS TRANSPORTATION