AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:

To find open circuit characteristic of a separately excited DC generator.

AppArAtus required:
Sl.No. Name Of Apparatus Specification Quantity
1 Ammeter 0-300mA , PMMC 1
2 Voltmeter 0-300V , PMMC 1
3 Rheostat 0-290ohms, 2.8Amp 2
4 Rheostat 38 Ohms, 8.5Amp 1
5 Tachometer 0-10000RPM, Digital 1
6 DC Generator Coupled to DC motor 0.75KW,3000RPM,230V,3.4Amp 1
Set

Theory:
The curve which gives the relation between field current (If) and the generated voltage
(Eg) in the armature on no load is called magnetic or open circuit characteristic of a DC
generator. The plot of this curve is practically same for all types of generators, whether they are
separately excited or self-excited. This curve is also known as no load saturation characteristic
curve of DC generator.

Now, from the emf equation of dc generator, we know that Eg = K. Hence, the generated emf
should be directly proportional to field flux (and hence, also directly proportional to the field
current). However, even when the field current is zero, some amount of emf is generated
(represented by OA in the figure). This initially induced emf is due to some residual magnetism
exists in the field poles. This initially induced emf aids the existing residual flux, and hence,
increasing the overall field flux. This consequently increases the induced emf. Thus, O.C.C.
follows a straight line. However, as the flux density increases, the poles get saturated and the 
becomes practically constant. Thus, even we increase the If further,  remains constant and
hence, Eg also remains constant. Hence, the O.C.C. curve looks like the B-H characteristic.

CirCuit Diagram:

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Do not switch on the power supply without concerning respective teacher.
2. Do not make rheostat position of armature to minimum and field rheostat position to
maximum at the time of starting.

PROCEDURE:
Run I: -
1. Make connection as shown in the diagram. Run the motor and bring it up to rated
speed. With zero excitation in the field circuit, take the voltmeter reading. This
voltage at this point is due to the residual magnetism. Increase the excitation
slowly and take reading of ammeter and voltmeter after adjusting the speed at
constant. While making the field current adjustments do not retrace. Continue till
the induce voltage is more than the rated value.
 2. Reduce the excitation and take reading of ammeter and voltmeter at constant
speed –Do not retrace while reducing excitation.

Run II: - Keep the excitation of the generator constant at a partial value and vary the speed
of the generator to get different voltage values.
ObservatiOns:-
Run I: - Speed constant
SL NO. If increasing V If decreasing V

Run II: - Excitation constant

SL NO. N V

GRAPHS:
1. Plot the curve of induced voltage versus field current for increasing and decreasing
excitation.
2. Plot the curve of induced voltage vs. speed.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What do you mean by O.C.C. & why it is called so?
2. What is the difference between a D.C. generator & D.C. motor?
3. What is B-H curve?
4. What is Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction?