https://www.library.ien.bg.ac.rs/index.

php/ea/article/view/300/296
Limited market, competitive pressure, demand for cheaper resources and the dynamics of the
postmodern era, forcing business leaders to change their focus from traditional targets to
alternative measures for successful business and the entrance on global markets, with the
purpose of making competitive advantage.

International business is a term used to describe all commercial transactions, in general,

(private and governmental, sales, investments, logistics and transport) which occur between wo
or more regions, countries and nations beyond their political borders (Radebaugh &
Sullivan, 2007)

Multinational enterprise is an enterprise or corporation that owns substantial resources

and performs various business activities through a network of branches located in different
countries and each branch form its business strategy, based on the different market
characteristics (Cavusgil, Knight, & Riesenberger, 2008

https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/MBR-03-2017-0017/full/pdf?
title=international-business-in-an-era-of-anti-globalization
Globalization has been driving the international business (IB) research agenda for the past three
decades

BOOKS: Managing Organizations: Current Issues

Organization are not simply affected by globalization but also extend it

https://deliverypdf.ssrn.com/delivery.php?
ID=82410009800712201110302007501800709003805106301306301707806409710910108511
2122091065039020017097126100053080028064019065066072045032091044031104085030
1211120281190210020390260161210910670840021201270731270700971021240180930720
65011122098092017093110&EXT=pdf&INDEX=TRUE
With globalization, it seems, the negative consequences of businesses have intensified (see, e.g.
Mokhiber and Weissman 1999, Korten 2001), as has the public call for corporate responsibility
(Parker 1998)

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00108367221098495?
casa_token=8HAObSUBF4QAAAAA
%3AGpcDNdQXIpAfLTfyvG5vp67btOrOEM0HlvZRxQcWeKnQ0G_UC8AfJvd6KhJgdTWIGZEsSswv
uT7u
Human rights in global value chains have long been a concern and require pragmatic solutions
better corporate compliance and more accountability.
Company corporate misconduct
https://journals-sagepub-com.ezproxy.lib.rmit.edu.au/doi/10.1177/1024529419865668#body-
ref-bibr4-1024529419865668
Costs competition and price pressure on factors output have lead to several problems existing
in global value chains.

One effect of cost competition is low wage competition between labor markets which increase
vulnerability for workers who end up working in poor conditions and in the absence of
government protections of rights.
The second issue is that to maintain low cost, firms tend to take advantage of differences in
regulation, where enforcement is weak

A parallel but increasingly important development has occurred with respect to evolving norms
of responsible business conduct.= paraphrase

https://journals-sagepub-com.ezproxy.lib.rmit.edu.au/doi/10.1177/1024529419865668
Business CSR has transformed considerably as a direct response to the evolution of
transnational modes of production, such as global value chains coordinated by multinational
corporations

Although there have been many efforts at reform there is evidence of unresolved dilemmas of
human rights, environmental issues and ethical dilemmas in the operation of the global value
chain.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-015-2781-3
The continued advance of global value chains as the mode of production for an
increasing number of goods and services has impacted considerably on the
economies and societies both of the developed world and the emerging
economies. While the globalisation of production in complex, interconnected
supply chains has brought employment and economic growth to many
developing economies, particularly in Asia, it is also associated with
exploitative employment relations, environmental irresponsibility and
recurrent ethical dilemmas.