MATHEMATICS HL REVIEW CALCULUS MSC GDC 2016

1. (a) METHOD 1
f′(x) = q – 2x = 0 M1
f′(3) = q – 6 = 0
q=6 A1
f(3) = p + 18 – 9 = 5 M1
p = –4 A1
METHOD 2
f(x) = –(x – 3)2 + 5 M1A1
              = –x2 + 6x – 4
q = 6, p = –4 A1A1

(b) g(x) = –4 + 6(x – 3) – (x – 3)2 (= –31 + 12x – x2) M1A1

Note: Accept any alternative form that is correct.
Award M1A0 for a substitution of (x + 3).
[6]

25
 t
2. (a) equation of line in graph a = 60 + 15 A1
 5 
 a   t  15 
 12 

dv 5
  t  15
(b) dt 12 (M1)
5
 t2
v= 24 + 15t + c (A1)
–1
when t = 0, v = 125 m s
5 2
 t
v= 24 + 15t + 125 A1
from graph or by finding time when a = 0
maximum = 395 m s–1 A1

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 1

 (c) EITHER

graph drawn and intersection with v = 295 m s–1 (M1)(A1)

t = 57.91 – 14.09 = 43.8 A1
OR
5 2
t
295 = 24 + 15t + 125  t = 57.91...; 14.09... (M1)(A1)
t = 57.91… – 14.09… = 43.8 (8 30 ) A1
[8]

3. (a) volume =
π 
0
x 2 dy
(M1)
h

π ydy
0 M1
h
 y2  πh 2
π  
2 2
=  0 A1

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 2

 dV
(b) dt = –3 × surface area A1
2
surface area = πx (M1)
                                          = πh A1
πh 2 2V
h
since V = 2 π M1A1
dV 2V
  3π
dt π A1
dV
 3 2πV
dt AG
dh
Note: Assuming that dt = –3 without justification gains no marks.
[6]

(c) V0 = 5000π (= 15700 cm3) A1

dV
 3 2πV
dt
attempting to separate variables M1
EITHER
dV
 V
 3 2π dt 
A1
2 V  3 2 πt  c A1
c = 2 5000π A1
V=0 M1
2 5000π
t   33 13
3 2π hours A1

OR
0 dV T

5000 π V
 3 2π dt 
0
M1A1A1
Note: Award M1 for attempt to use definite integrals, A1 for correct
limits and A1 for correct integrands.

2 V  0
5000 π  3 2πT A1
2 5000π
 33 13
T= 3 2π hours A1
[16]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 3

4. (a) a = 10e–0.2t (M1)(A1)
at t = 10, a = 1.35 (m s–2) (accept 10e–2) A1

(b) METHOD 1
10

d= 
50(1  e  0.2t )dt
0 (M1)
      = 283.83... A1
so distance above ground = 1720 (m) (3 s.f.) (accept 1716 (m)) A1

METHOD 2
s = ∫50(1 – e–0.2t)dt = 50t + 250e–0.2t (+ c) M1
Taking s = 0 when t = 0 gives c = –250 M1
So when t = 10, s = 283.3...
so distance above ground = 1720 (m) (3 s.f.) (accept 1716 (m)) A1
[6]

5. let x = distance from observer to rocket

let h = the height of the rocket above the ground
METHOD 1
dh
dt = 300 when h = 800 A1
1

x= h 2  360000  (h 2  360000) 2 M1
dx h

dh h 2  360000 A1
when h = 800
dx dx dh
 
dt dh dt M1
300h
2
= h  360000 A1
= 240 (m s–1) A1

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 4

 METHOD 2
h2 + 6002 = x2 M1
dx
2h = 2x dh A1
dx h

dh x
800  4 
 
= 1000  5  A1
dh
dt = 300 A1
dx dx dh
 
dt dh dt M1
4
= 5 × 300
= 240 (m s–1) A1

METHOD 3
x2 = 6002 + h2 M1
dx dh
 2h
2x dt dt A1A1
when h = 800, x = 1000
dx 800 dh
 
dt 1000 dt M1A1
–1
= 240 m s A1

METHOD 4
1
2 2 2
Distance between the observer and the rocket = (600  800 ) = 1000M1A1
Component of the velocity in the line of sight = sin θ × 300
(where θ = angle of elevation) M1A1
800
sin θ = 1000 A1
–1
component = 240 (m s ) A1
[6]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 5

6. (a) OÂB = π – θ        (allied) A1
recognizing OAB as an isosceles triangle M1
so AB̂O = π – θ A1
BÔC = π – θ (alternate) AG
Note: This can be done in many ways, including a clear diagram.

(b) area of trapezium is T = area∆BOC + area∆AOB (M1)

1 2 1
r sin( π   )  r 2 sin(2  π)
= 2 2 M1A1
1 2 1
r sin   r 2 sin 2
= 2 2 AG

dT 1 2
 r cos   r 2 cos 2
(c) (i) d 2 M1A1
1 2
r cos   r 2 cos 2
for maximum area 2 =0 M1
cos θ = 2 cos 2θ AG

(ii) θmax = 2.205... (A1)

1 1
sin  max  sin 2 max
2 2 = 0.880 A1
[11]

dv v2   v 2  6400 
  32  
dt 200  200 
7. (a)   (M1)
T V 200
 dt  
0 40

v 2  80 2
dv
M1A1A1
40 1
T = 200
V v 2  80 2
dv
AG

dv dv ds
 
(b) (i) a = dt ds dt R1
dv
v
= ds AG

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 6

 dv  v 2  80 2
v 
(ii) ds 200 (M1)
S V 200v
0
ds   2
40  v  80 2
dv
M1A1A1
S 40 200v
0
ds  
V v  80 2
2
dv
M1
40 v
S=
200 
V v 2  80 2
dv
A1

(c) letting V = 0 (M1)

40 v
distance =
200
v  80 2
dv
0 2
= 22.3 metres A1
40 1
time =
200 
0 v 2  80 2
dv
= 1.16 seconds A1
[14]

8. (a) the distance of the spot from P is x = 500 tan θ A1

the speed of the spot is
dx d
 500 sec 2 
dt dt (= 4000 π sec2 θ) M1A1
 d 
  8π 
when x = 2000, sec θ = 17 (θ = 1.32581...) 
2 d t 
dx

dt = 500 × 17 × 8π M1A1
speed is 214000 (metres per minute) AG
Note: If their displayed answer does not round to 214 000, they lose the final A1.

2
d2x d  d 
 8000π sec 2  tan  or 500  2sec 2 tan   
(b) dt 2 dt  dt  M1A1
 d  2

 since  0 
 dt 2
 
= 43000000 (= 4.30 × 107) (metres per minute2) A1
[8]

9. (a) solving to obtain one root: 1, –2 or –5 A1

obtain other roots A1

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 7

 (b) D = x  [–5, –2]  [1, ∞) (or equivalent) M1A1
Note: M1 is for 1 finite and 1 infinite interval.

(c) coordinates of local maximum –3.73 (– 2 – 3 ), 3.22( 6 3 ) A1A1

(d) use GDC to obtain one root: 1.41, –3.18 or –4.23 A1

obtain other roots A1

(e)

A1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for shape, A1 for max and for min clearly in correct
places, A1 for all intercepts.
Award A1A0A0 if only the complete top half is shown.

(f) required area is twice that of y = f(x) between –5 and –2 M1A1

answer 14.9 A1 N3
2

Note: Award M1A0A0 for 5

f ( x ) dx
= 7.47... or N1 for 7.47.
[14]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 8

10. EITHER
1 1
 y 
y=
1 x (1  x) 2 M1A1
solve simultaneously M1
1 1
 m( x  m) and m
1 x (1  x) 2
1 1  1 
 x 
1  x (1  x) 2  (1  x) 2 
  A1
Note: Accept equivalent forms.
(1 – x)3 – x(1 – x)2 + 1 = 0, x ≠ 1
1
y
x = 1.65729... 1  1.65729 = –1.521379...
tangency point (1.66, –1.52) A1A1
m = (–1.52137...)2 = 2.31 A1

OR
(1 – x)y = 1
m (1 – x) (x – m) = 1 M1
m (x – x2 – m + mx) = 1
mx2 – x(m + m2) + (m2 + 1) = 0 A1
b2 – 4ac = 0 (M1)
(m + m2)2 – 4m(m2 + 1) = 0
m = 2.31 A1
substituting m = 2.31... into mx2 – x(m + m2) + (m2 + 1) = 0 (M1)
x = 1.66 A1
1
y = 1  1.65729 = –1.52 A1
tangency point (1.66, –1.52)
[7]

be x ( ae x  b)  ae x (a  be x )

11. (a) f′(x) = ( ae x  b ) 2 M1A1

2x 2 x 2 x 2x
abe  b e  a e  abe
= (ae x  b) 2 A1
2 2 x
(b  a ) e
x 2
= (ae  b) AG

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 9

 (b) EITHER
f′(x) = 0  (b2 – a2)ex = 0  b = ±a or ex = 0 A1
which is impossible as 0 < b < a and ex > 0 for all x  R1
OR
f′(x) < 0 for all x  since 0 < b < a and ex > 0 for all x  A1R1
OR
f′(x) cannot be equal to zero because ex is never equal to zero A1R1

(c) EITHER
(b 2  a 2 )e x (ae x  b) 2  2ae x (ae x  b)(b 2  a 2 )e x

f″(x) = (ae x  b) 4 M1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for each term in the numerator.
(b 2  a 2 )e x (ae x  b  2ae x )
= (ae x  b)3
(b 2  a 2 )(b  ae x )e x

= ( ae x  b ) 3

OR
f′(x) = (b2 – a2)ex(aex + b)–2
f″(x) = (b2 – a2)ex(aex + b)–2 + (b2 – a2)ex(–2aex)(aex + b)–3 M1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for each term.
= (b2 – a2)ex(aex + b)–3((aex + b) – 2aex)
= (b2 – a2)ex(aex + b)–3(b – aex)
THEN
b
 x  ln
f″(x) = 0  b – aex = 0 a M1A1
2 2
 b a b
f  ln  
 a 2ab A1
 b a b 2 2

 ln , 
 a 2ab 
coordinates are  

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 10

 a a
lim f ( x)  y
(d) x   b b horizontal asymptote A1
b b
lim f ( x)   y 
x   a a horizontal asymptote A1
0 < b < a  ae + b > 0 for all x  (accept aex + b ≠ 0)
x

so no vertical asymptotes R1
Note: Statement on vertical asymptote must be seen for R1.

4 ex
x
(e) y = 4e  1
1 7
 x  ln
y= 2 2 (or 1.25 to 3 sf) (M1)(A1)
7
ln   4  e x  1
π 2   x
  

0  4e  1 4 
V=    dx (M1)A1
= 1.09 (to 3 s.f.) A1 N4
[19]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 11

12.

2
2
f′(x) = (1  x) M1A1
Note: Alternatively, award M1A1 for correct sketch of the derivative.
find at least one point of intersection of graphs (M1)
y = f(x) and y = f′(x) for x = 3 or 1.73 (A1)
y = f(x) and y = g (x) for x = 0 (A1)
forming inequality 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 (or 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.73) A1A1 N4
Note: Award A1 for correct limits and A1 for correct inequalities.
[7]

13. (a) let HP̂Q = θ

h
tan θ = 40
d 1 dh
sec 2  
dt 40 dt M1
d 1

dt 4 sec 2  (A1)
16  5 
 sec   or   0.6435 
= 4  25  4  A1
= 0.16 radians per second AG

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 12

 (b) x 2 = h2 + 1600, where PH = x
dx dh
 2h
2x dt dt M1
dx h
  10
dt x A1
10h

= h 2  1600 (A1)
dx
h = 30, dt = 6 m s–1 A1
Note: Accept solutions that begin x = 40 sec θ or use h = 10t.
[7]

14. (a)

A3
Note: Award A1 for each correct shape,
A1 for correct relative position.

(b) e–x sin (4x) = 0 (M1)

sin (4x) = 0 A1
4x = 0, π, 2π, 3π, 4π, 5π A1
π 2 π 3π 4 π 5 π
, , , ,
x = 0, 4 4 4 4 4 AG

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 13

 (c) e–x = e–x sin (4x) or reference to graph
sin 4x = 1 M1
π 5π 9 π
, ,
4x = 4 2 2 A1
π 5π 9 π
, ,
x= 8 8 8 A1 N3

(d) (i) y = e–x sin 4x

dy
dx = –e–x sin 4x + 4e–x cos 4x M1A1
–x
y=e
dy
dx = –e–x A1
verifying equality of gradients at one point R1
verifying at the other two R1

dy
(ii) since dx ≠ 0 at these points they cannot be local maxima R1

(e) (i) maximum when y′ = 4e–x cos 4x – e–x sin 4x = 0 M1

arctan(4) arctan(4)  π arctan(4)  2π
, , , ...
x= 4 4 4
maxima occur at
arctan(4) arctan(4)  2π arctan(4)  4 π
, ,
x= 4 4 4 A1
1
 (arctan( 4 ))
so y1 = e 4 sin(arctan (4))        (= 0.696) A1
1
 (arctan(4 )  2 π )
y2 = e 4 sin(arctan (4) + 2π) A1
 1
 (arctan(4 )  2 π ) 
 e 4 sin(arctan(4))  0.145 
 
 
1
 (arctan(4 )  4 π )
y3 = e 4 sin(arctan (4) + 4π) A1
 1
 (arctan(4 )  4 π ) 
 e 4 sin(arctan( 4))  0.0301
 
  N3

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 14

 y3 y
and 2
(ii) for finding and comparing y 2 y1 M1
π

r= e 2 A1
Note: Exact values must be used to gain the M1 and the A1.
[22]

 
15. (a) Either solving e x     x + 1 = 0 for x, stating e x  x + 1 = 0,
stating P(x, 0) or using an appropriate sketch graph. M1
x = 1.28 A1 N1
Note: Accept P(1.28, 0).


1.278...
e x

 x  1 dx
(b) Area = 0
M1A1
= 1.18 A1 N1
Note: Award M1A0A1 if the dx is absent.
[5]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 15

16. METHOD 1
EITHER
Using the graph of y = f (x) (M1)

A1
The maximum of f (x) occurs at x = 0.5. A1
OR
Using the graph of y = f ″(x). (M1)

A1
The zero of f (x) occurs at x =  0.5. A1

THEN
Note: Do not award this A1 for stating x =  0.5 as the final answer for x.
0.5
f (0.5) = 0.607 (= e ) A2
Note: Do not award this A1 for also stating (0.5, 0.607) as a coordinate.

EITHER
Correctly labelled graph of f (x) for x < 0 denoting the maximum f (x) R1
(e.g. f (0.6) = 1.17 and f (0.4) = 1.16 stated) A1 N2
OR
Correctly labelled graph of f (x) for x < 0 denoting the maximum f (x) R1
(e.g. f (0.6) = 0.857 and f (0.4) = 1.05 stated) A1 N2

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 16

 OR
1
x
f (0.5)  1.21. f (x) < 1.21 just to the left of 2
1
x
and f (x) < 1.21 just to the right of 2 R1
(e.g. f (0.6) = 1.17 and f (0.4) =1.16 stated) A1 N2

OR
1
x
f (x) > 0 just to the left of 2 and f  (x) < 0 just to the right
1
x
of 2 R1
(e.g. f (0.6) = 0.857 and f (0.4) = 1.05 stated) A1 N2

METHOD 2
 2 x2
f (x) = 4x e A1

f ″(x) = –4 e
 2 x2
+ 16x2 e
 2 x2  16 x  4e 
2  2x 2

A1
Attempting to solve f ″(x) = 0 (M1)
1
x
2 A1
1
x
Note: Do not award this A1 for stating 2 as the final answer for x.

 1 1
f    0.607 
 2 e A1
1 1 
 , 
 2 e 
Note: Do not award this A1 for also stating as a coordinate.

EITHER
Correctly labelled graph of f ′(x) for x < 0 denoting the maximum f (x) R1
(e.g. f (0.6) = 1.17 and f  (0.4) = 1.16 stated) A1 N2
OR
Correctly labelled graph of f (x) for x < 0 denoting the maximum f (x) R1
(e.g. f (0.6) = 0.857 and f (0.4) = 1.05 stated) A1 N2

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 17

 OR
1
x
f (0.5)  1.21. f (x) < 1.21 just to the left of 2
1
x
and f (x) < 1.21 just to the right of 2 R1
(e.g. f (0.6) = 1.17 and f (0.4) =1.16 stated) A1 N2

OR
1
x
f (x) > 0 just to the left of 2 and f (x) < 0 just to the right
1
x
of 2 R1
(e.g. f (0.6) = 0.857 and f (0.4) = 1.05 stated) A1 N2
[7]

17. (a) (i) EITHER

Attempting to separate the variables (M1)
dv dt


 v 1 v 2
50  (A1)
OR
dt
Inverting to obtain dv (M1)
dt  50


dv v 1  v 2  (A1)
THEN
5 1  10 1 
t   50  
10 v 1  v 2d v   50


 
5 v 1 v 2d v 

 A1 N3
 104
t  0.732 sec    25 ln sec 
(ii)  101  A2 N2

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 18

 dv dv
v
(b) (i) dt dx (M1)
Must see division by v (v > 0) A1
dv  1  v 2

 
dx 50 AG N0

(ii) Either attempting to separate variables or inverting to obtain

dx
dv (M1)
dv 1
 1 v 2

50
dx 
(or equivalent) A1
Attempting to integrate both sides M1
x
 C
arctan v = 50 A1A1
Note: Award A1 for a correct LHS and A1 for a correct
RHS that must include C.
When x = 0, v = 10 and so C = arctan10 M1
x = 50(arctan10  arctan v) A1 N1

(iii) Attempting to make arctan v the subject. M1

x
arctan v = arctan10  50 A1
 x 
 arctan 10  
v = tan  50  M1A1
Using tan (A  B) formula to obtain the desired form. M1
x
10  tan
v 50
x
1  10 tan
50 AG N0
[19]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 19

18. Let the number of mosquitoes be y.
dy
  ky
dt M1
1
 y 
dy   kdt
M1
ln y = –kt + c A1
y = e–kt+c
y = Ae–kt
when t = 0, y = 500 000  A = 500 000 A1
y = 500 000e–kt
when t = 5, y = 400 000
400 000 = 500 000e–5k M1
4
5 = e–kt
4
ln
–5k = 5
1 4
 ln
k = 5 5 (= 0.0446) A1
–kt
250 000 = 500 000e M1
1
2 = e–kt
1
ln   kt
2
5 1
ln
4 2
ln
t= 5 = 15.5 years A1
[8]

 x
2
 
19. (a) For x 9  x , – 3 ≤ x ≤ 3 and for 2arcsin  3  , – 3 ≤ x ≤ 3 A1
 D is – 3 ≤ x ≤ 3 A1

2
2.8  x

2
π  x 9  x  2 arcsin  dx
(b) V=
0  3 M1A1
= 181 A1

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 20

 2
1
dy x2 3
 (9  x 2 ) 2  1

dx 2 x2
(9  x )2 1
(c) 9 M1A1
1 2
2 2 x 2
(9  x )  1
 1

= (9  x2 ) 2 (9  x 2 ) 2 A1
9  x2  x2  2
1
2
= (9  x )2 A1
2
11  2 x

= 9  x2 A1

p
p 11  2 x 2  x
p
9  x2
dx   x 9  x 2  2 arcsin 
 3p
(d) M1
p p
p 9  p 2  2 arcsin  p 9  p 2  2 arcsin
= 3 3 A1
 p
2 p 9  p 2  4 arcsin 
= 3 AG

(e) 11 – 2p2 = 0 M1
 11 
 
 2 
p = 2.35            A1
Note: Award A0 for p = ±2.35.

1 1

2 2 2
(9  x )2 (4 x)  x(11  2 x )(9  x ) 2

(f) (i) f″(x) = 9 x2 M1A1

2 2
 4 x(9  x )  x(11  2 x )
3
2
= (9  x )2 A1
 36 x  4 x 3  11x  2 x 3
3

= (9  x 2 ) 2 A1
x(2 x 2  25)
3
2
= (9  x )2 AG

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 21

 (ii) EITHER
When 0 < x < 3, f″(x) < 0. When – 3 < x < 0, f″(x) > 0. A1
OR
f″(0) = 0 A1
THEN
Hence f″(x) changes sign through x = 0, giving a point of inflexion. R1
EITHER
25
x = ± 2 is outside the domain of f. R1
OR
25
x = ± 2 is not a root of f″(x) = 0. R1
[21]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 22