Group 4

Colligative
Properties
Laboratory Experiment
F ______G
FREEZING
B_____G
BOILING
V __O_ P____U_E
VAPOR PRESSURE
O___S_S
OSMOSIS
COLLIGATIVE
PROPERTIES
DEFINITION AND TYPES
What are Colligative
Properties?
“Colligative” has been adapted from the
Latin word “colligatus” which translates to
“bound together”

Why is it important: It help us understand

how the properties of the solution are
linked to the concentration of solute in the
solution.
What are Colligative Properties?
Physical changes that result from adding solute to a
solvent.

Properties of solutions that depend on the ratio of

the number of solute particles to the number of
solvent particles

Properties that depend upon the concentration of

solute molecules or ions

Mostly seen in dilute solutions.

Types of Colligative
Properties
Relative lowering of vapor pressure

Elevation of boiling point

Depression in freezing point

Osmotic pressure
 Relative
lowering of
vapor
pressure

LOWERING OF
VAPOR
PRESSURE

Vapour pressure of a volatile solvent

gets lowered when a non-volatile
solute is dissolved in it.

Raoult’s law: states that the lowering

in vapour pressure of a dilute
solution is equal to the mole fraction
of the solute in the solution
Elevation in
Boiling Point
ELEVATION OF
BOILING POINT
Boiling point of a liquid: a
temperature at which its vapour
pressure becomes equal to its
atmospheric pressure

Whenever a non-volatile solute is

added to a pure solvent, its vapour
pressure decreases, which further
elevates its boiling point
Depression
in Freezing
Point

 DEPRESSION IN
FREEZING POINT
Freezing point of a substance: when
the solid and liquid phase has the
same vapour pressure

When a non-volatile solute is

dissolved in the pure liquid to
constitute a solution, there occurs a
lowering in the freezing point.
Osmotic
Pressure
 OSMOTIC
PRESSURE
Osmosis: passage of solvent from the
pure solvent or from the solution of
lower concentrations into the solution
of higher concentrations through a
semi-permeable membrane

Can be stopped by applying extra

pressure on the solution. This
pressure is known as the osmotic
pressure of the solution.
How are colligative
properties used in
everyday life?
Antifreeze solutions- To avoid the difficulty of water freezing in radiators,
a solution of ethylene glycol with water is used in radiators. This solution
has a freezing point lesser than zero.
Clearing of ice from the roads on hills- Salts such as NaClNaCl and
CaCl2CaCl2 are scattered on the icy roads, which helps in the melting of
the ice.
Shrivelling of raw mangoes to pickle.
Revival of wilted flowers and limped carrots- When wilted flowers and
limped carrots are put in water, they regain their freshness by the process
of osmosis.
Preservation of meat- This is done by salting the meat.
Absorption of water by plants- Plants absorb water from the soil by the
process of osmosis.
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being attentive!
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