CHILDREN WITH

SPEECH AND LANGUAGE

IMPAIRMENTS
REPORTED BY:
ABATAYO, KAYE ANGELIE
CATUTO,ALAINE JOYCE
Speech and language impairment
are basic categories that might be
drawn in issues of communication
concerning hearing, speech,
language, and fluency.
 Speech
A speech impairment is characterized
by difficulty in the articulation of
words. Examples include stuttering or
problems producing particular
sounds. Articulation refers to the
sounds, syllables, and phonology
produced by the individual.
 Language
•A language impairment is a specific impairment in
understanding and sharing thoughts and ideas.

•Problems that may be experienced can involve the

form of language, including grammar, morphology,
syntax; and the functional aspects of language,
including semantics and pragmatics.
•A language delay isn’t the same
thing as a speech or language
impairment. Language delay is a very
common developmental problem—in
fact, the most common, affecting 5-
10% of children in preschool.

•In contrast, speech and language

disorder refers to abnormal language
development. Distinguishing
between the two is most reliably
done by a certified speech-language
pathologist. (CPIR, 2015)
Kinds of Speech and Language Disorders

Articulation Disorder
Fluency Disorder
Voice Disorder
Language Disorder
 Articulation Disorder
•When a child has an articulation
disorder, he or she has difficulty
making certain sounds. These sounds
may be left off, added, changed, or
distorted, which makes it hard for
people to understand the child.
 TYPES OF ARTICULATION DISORDER

ADDITION
Adding sounds or syllables to words that don’t belong there
Example: (“puh-lay” instead of “play”).
DISTORTION
Changing a sound, which might seem like a lisp.
(when “s” sounds like “th”).
OMISSION
Leaving certain sounds out of their speech altogether.
Example: (never using “s” in “school or “scratch”).
SUBSTITUTION
Always substituting one sound for another.
Example: Using “w” instead of “r”).
 CHARACTERISTICS

Avoid reading aloud or speaking to other people.

Become quiet or seem excessively shy.
Get frustrated when speaking.
Stop saying certain words altogether.
Struggle with confidence and self-esteem.
Causes: Treatment:
Articulation disorder has no known A speech-language pathologist can
cause. It doesn’t mean something is diagnose the condition and help
wrong with a child’s brain, nerves, lips, communicate using speech therapy.
tongue, teeth, jaw, lungs, or hearing.
But, if not treated, the disorder may last
into adulthood. If an adult develops a
speech disorder, it’s due to another
reason (traumatic brain injury or
stroke).
 Fluency Disorder
•Fluency refers to the flow of
speech.
A fluency disorder means that
something is disrupting the
rhythmic and forward flow of
speech—usually, a stutter.
 TYPES OF FLUENCY DISORDER

STUTTERING
If you stutter, your speech may sound interrupted or blocked, as though
you are trying to say a sound but it doesn't come out. You may repeat
part or all of a word as you to say it. You may drag out syllables. Or you
may talk breathlessly, or seem tense while trying to speak.

CLUTTERING
If you clutter, you often speak fast and merge some words together or
cut off parts of them. You may sound like you are slurring or mumbling.
And you may stop and start speech and say "um" or "uh" often when
talking.
 CHARACTERISTICS

Repetitions
Prolongations
Short words and phrases
Worrying about speaking
Viewing speaking as difficult
Causes:
The exact causes of fluency
disorders are not known. It may be
genetic and run in families. It can
happen at the same time as
another speech disorder. The signs
of a fluency disorder can be made
worse by emotions such as stress
or anxiety.
Treatment:
A fluency disorder can be
diagnosed by a speech-language
pathologist (SLP). An SLP will ask
about your medical history and
listen to you speak. The SLP may do
an oral-mechanism exam and
testing of speech-language skills.
 Voice Disorder
•A voice disorder involves problems with
the pitch, loudness, resonance, or quality
of the voice. The voice may be hoarse,
raspy, or harsh.
•Voice is the sound that’s produced when
air from the lungs pushes through the
voice box in the throat (also called the
larynx), making the vocal folds within
vibrate. From there, the sound generated
travels up through the spaces of the
throat, nose, and mouth, and emerges as
our “voice.”
 TYPES OF VOICE DISORDER

LARYNGITIS
Laryngitis is when your vocal cords swell. It makes the voice sound
hoarse. Or you may not be able to speak at all.
VOCAL CORD PARESIS OR PARALYSIS
The vocal cords can be paralyzed, or partially paralyzed (paresis). This
can be caused by a viral infection that affects your vocal cord nerves, an
injury to a nerve during surgery, stroke, or cancer.
SPASMODIC DYSPHONIA
This is a nerve problem that causes the vocal cords to spasm. It can make
the voice sound tight, hoarse, or groaning. At times, the voice may sound
normal. Other times, the person may not be able to speak
 CHARACTERISTICS

Have a quivering sound

Sound rough or harsh (hoarseness)
Sound strained or choppy
Is weak, whispery, or breathy
Is too high or low or change in pitch
Causes:
Inflammation and swelling because
of surgery, respiratory illness or
allergies, exposure to certain
chemicals, smoking, and alcohol.
Additionally, misuse of the voice
can cause vocal cords to be
stressed by using too much tension
when speaking. It can cause
problems in the muscles in the
throat and affect the voice, like too
much talking and shouting.
Treatment:
Some lifestyle changes may help
reduce or stop symptoms. Working
with a speech-language pathologist
can also help with certain voice
disorders. Furthermore, if cancer
causes tissue growth, you may
need other treatment, such as
radiation therapy, to remove it.
Language Disorder
•Language has to do with meanings,
rather than sounds. A language
disorder refers to an impaired
ability to understand and/or use
words in context.

•The child may say sentences but

put them together incorrectly.
 TYPES OF LANGUAGE DISORDER

RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER

A child may have difficulty understanding the words or sentences used
by others.

EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER

A child may have difficulty coming up with the right words when talking.
 CHARACTERISTICS

Improper use of words and their meanings,

Inability to express ideas,
Inappropriate grammatical patterns,
Reduced vocabulary, and
Inability to follow directions.
Causes:
Developmental delay
Autism
Prematurity or traumatic birth
Hearing loss or deafness
Note: Ankyloglossia (tongue-
tie) rarely causes speech or
language problems.
Treatment:
The doctor will likely refer the child
to a speech-language pathologist
for evaluation and treatment. All
children with language disorders
should also have their hearing
tested.
ROLE OF SPECIAL INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

•Filipino Speech-language pathologist (SLPs) share the

responsibility of promoting public awareness regarding the
conditions that challenge the ability of learners with special
needs to communicate.

•With the passing of this law, the SLPs can play an important role
in implementing the act nationwide, The active involvement of
SLPs in these programs will hopefully also make way for the
practice of school-based SLPs in the Philippines, making it easier
for children in school to receive needed support.
 COMORBIDITY PREVALENCE
Speech disorders, such as childhood apraxia A total of 250 research
of speech, dysarthria or stuttering, along
with language disorders, like aphasia, articles were identified and
dyslexia or developmental language disorder described along several
are the main examples. More complex
syndromes such as Autism-spectrum parameters. A predominant
disorders, Down’s syndrome or Fragile X number were authored by
syndrome have more variable features.
Genetic factors, such as hereditary or de the SLPs in the academe
novo mutations may influence the (97.20%). There was a focus
development of all of these conditions.
Besides, most of speech and language
on language (27.60%) and
disorders are implicated in the nature of
neurodevelopment with molecular
communication/swallowing
mechanisms and pathways that interact with
each other, and there may be co-morbidity disorders (20.80%).
with other communication disorders or
phenotypes unrelated to communication.
Children may hear or see a word but not be able to
understand its meaning. They may have trouble
getting others to understand what they are trying to
communicate.

These symptoms can easily be mistaken for other

disabilities such as autism or learning disabilities, so
it’s very important to ensure that the child receives a
thorough evaluation by a certified speech-language
pathologist.
(CPIR, 2015)
 References:
https://granite.pressbooks.pub/understanding-and-supporting-learners-with-disabilities/chapter/speech-and-language-impairment/

https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?
contenttypeid=134&contentid=237#:~:text=about%20fluency%20disorders-,A%20fluency%20disorder%20causes%20problems%20with%2
0the%20flow%2C%20rhythm%2C%20and,or%20say%20%E2%80%9Cuh%E2%80%9D%20often.

https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/speech-
disorders.html#:~:text=Articulation%20disorders%20involve%20a%20wide,are%20examples%20of%20articulation%20errors.

https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/l/language-
disorder#:~:text=The%20child%20may%20be%20unable,but%20put%20them%20together%20incorrectly.

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23454-articulation-disorder

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/fluency-disorder

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/voice-disorders

https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/l/language-disorder

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17549507.2016.1226954

https://jtggjournal.com/article/view/3118#:~:text=Speech%20disorders%2C%20such%20as%20childhood,syndrome%20have%20more%20
variable%20features.
THANK YOU
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LISTENING!