Language and Speech

Disorders

Group 7 :
1. Zain M.J.H (1710302098)
2. Dian Ayu W (1710302102)
3. Difa Putri H (1710302108)
 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)argue that
language disorder is impaired comprehension and/or use of spoken,
written and/or other symbol systems.
 In others hand language disorders is disorders that involve the processing
of linguistic information.
 Language disoerders are categorized as either receptive expressive. A
person with receptive language disorders has difficulty understanding
language. A person with expressive language diorders has difficulty using
language.
 Receptive language disorders is the understanding of language “input”.
Receptive language means the ability to understand and comprehend
language heard or read. A receptive language disorders is an impairment
in the comprehension of spoken, written, gestural or other symbol system.
 Expressive Language Disorders is a communication
disorders in which there are difficulties with spoken or
written expression. Expressive language is the most
simply the “output” of language. This include not only
words, but also the grammar rules that indicate how words
are combined into phrases, sentences and paragraphs as
well as the use of gestures and facial expression.
Type of language disorders :

 Sensory impairments
 Apraxia
 Dyslexia
 Dysgraphia
 Stuttering
 Down Syndrome
 Autism
 ADHD
 Speech Disorders based on ASHA is an impairment of the
articulation of speech sounds, fluency and/or voice.
 Speech disorders is type of communication disorder where
“normal” speech is disruped. This can mean sttuttering,
lips,etc. Someone who is unable to speak due to a speech
disorder is considered mute.
 A communication disorder is an impairment in the ability to
receive, send, process, and comprehend concepts or verbal,
nonverbal and graphic symbol systems. A communication disorder
may be evident in the processes of hearing, language, and/or speech.
A communication disorder may range in severity from mild to
profound. It may be developmental or acquired. Individuals may
demonstrate one or any combination of communication disorders. A
communication disorder may result in a primary disability or it may
be secondary to other disabilities.
 In other hand a communication disorder is any disorder that affects
somebody’s ability to communicate. The delays and disorders can
range from simple sound substitution to the inability to understand
or use one’s native language.
 SENSORY IMPAIRMENTS

 There are two types of sensory impairments :

 1. Blindness – A link between communication skills and visual impairment with children
who are blind is currently being investigated. It impairs ones speech ability. One cannot
recognize gestures and facial expressions.
 2. Deafness – Trouble with hearing during language acquisition may lead to spoken
language problems. Children who suffer from frequent ear infections may temporarily
develop problems pronouncing words correctly.
 APRAXIA

 Apraxia is a general term. It can cause problems in parts of the body, such as arms and
legs. Apraxia of speech is a motor speech disorder. It is caused by damage to the parts of
the brain related to speaking.
 People with apraxia of speech have trouble sequencing the sounds in syllables and words.
They severity depends on the nature of the brain damage.
 Symptoms of apraxia :
1. Difficulty imitiating speech sounds, difficulty imitating non-speech movements (oral
apraxia), such as sticking out their tongue, groping when trying to produce sounds,
inconsistent errors, slow rate of speech, somewhat preserved a ability to produce
“automatic speech” (rote speech), such as greetings like “how are you?”
 DYSLEXIA
 Dyslexia or developmental reading disorder is characterized by difficulty with learning to
read fluently and with accurate comprehension despite normal or above average
intelligence.
 This include difficulty with phonological awareness, phonological decoding, pressing
speed, orthographic coding, auditory short term memory language skills/verbal
comprehension and rapid naming. Dyslexia is the most common learning difficulty and
most recognizing reading disorder.
 Effects of Dyslexia :
 Dyslexia can affect people differently, some with dyslexia can have trouble with reading
and spelling, while others struggle to write, or to tell left from right, dyslexia can also
make it difficult for people to express them clearly, it can be hard for them to use
vocabulary and structure of their thoughts during conversation.
 DYSGRAPHIA

 Dysgraphia is a deficiency in the ability to write, primarily

in term of handwriting, but also in term of coherence.
Dysgraphia is a transcription disability, meaning that it is a
writing disorder association with impaired handwriting,
orthographic coding and finger sequencing. They may lack
basic grammar spelling (For example : Havig difficulties
with the letter p,q,b,& d).
 STUTTERING

 Is a speech disorder in which sounds, syllabes, or words

are repeated or prolonged, disrupting the normal flow of
speech. These speech disruptions may be accompained by
struggling behaviours, such as rapid eye blinks or tremors
of the lips. Stuttering can make it difficult to communicate
with other people, which often affects a person’s quality of
life.
 DOWN SYNDROME

 Is a genetic abnormality. This syndrome occurs because of an extra

copy of chromosome 21. your chromosomes contain your genetic
material. And any problems with your chromosomes can cause
serious physical and mental health problems.
 It is typically associated with physical growth delays, characteristic
facial features, and ild to moderate intellectual disability. The
average IQ of a youn adult with down syndrome is 50, equivalent to
the mental age of an-8 or 0-year old-child,but this varies widely.
 AUTISM

 Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired

social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and by
restricted and repetitive behaviour.
 The diagnostic criteria require that symtoms become apparent
before a child is three years old. Autism affects information
processing in the brain by altering how nerve cells and their
synapses connect and organize; how this occurs is not well
understood.
 ADHD

 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is

one of the most common childhood disorders and
can continue through adolescence and adulthood.
Symptoms include difficulty staying focused and
paying attention, difficulty controlling behaviour,
and hyperactivity (over-activity).
SUMARRY
- Speech and language disorders can affect a person’s ability to talk, understand,
read, and write. The symptoms to speech and language disorders will very
dipending on the type of impairment. These disorders can cause symptoms relate
to fluency, articulation, voice, and language.
- Children may develop speech or language disorders due to condition that affect
brain development before, during, or after birth. Adult may develop speech or
language disorders due to stroke, traumatic brain injury, or brain tumors.