any particular condition, for example, 21°C DB, 40% RH at a

high elevation is lower (except for saturation) than that

*Values obtained by use of equation: corresponding to the same condition (21°C DB, 40% RH) at sea
level. For the same value of room relative humidity and dry-bulb
1
ESHFe = temperature, and the same apparatus dewpoint, there is a
(p 1 )(1 − ESHF) greater difference in moisture content between the two
+1 conditions at high elevation than at sea level. Therefore, a
(p 0 )(ESHF)
higher apparatus dewpoint is required at high elevation for a
Where p0 = barometric pressure at sea level given effective sensible heat factor.

p1 = barometric pressure at high elevation
ESHF = ESHF obtained from air conditioning load estimate
ESHFe = equivalent ESHF referred to a sea level
psychrometric chart or Table 60
Notes:
1. The required apparatus dewpoint for the high elevation is
determined from the sea level chart or Table 59 by use of the
equivalent effective sensible heat factor. The relative humidity
and dry-bulb temperature must be used to define the room
condition when using this table because the above equation
was derived on this basis. The room wet-bulb temperature must
not be used because the wet-bulb temperature corresponding
to
2. Air conditioning load estimate (see Fig. 47). The factors 1.20
and 3.0 on the air conditioning load estimate should be
(p1)
multiplied by the ratio of the barometric pressures . Using
(p0 )
this method, it is assumed that the air quantity (L/s) is measured
at actual conditions rather than at standard air conditions. The
outdoor room moisture contents, gram per kilogram must also
be corrected for high elevations.
3. Reheat – where the equivalent effective sensible heat factor
is lower than the asterisked values in Table 59 reheat is
required.

8.8. Psychrometric Formulae

Comment: - may need a couple of extra including Adjustable Sensible, latent and total heat

8.8.1. Air mixing equations

(Outdoor and Return Air)

( /s OA × t OA ) + ( /s RA × t RM )
tM = (1)
/s SA
(/s OA × hOA ) + (/s RA × hRM )
hM = (2)
/s SA
(/s OA × w OA ) + (/s RA × w RM )
wM = (3)
/s SA

8.8.2. Cooling load equations

ERSH = RSH + (BF)(OASH) + RSHS* (4)

ERLH = RLH + (BF)(OALH) + RLHS* (5)

ERTH = ERLH + ERSH (6)

TSH = RSH + OASH + RSHS* (7)

TLH = RLH + OALH RLHS* (8)

GTH = TSH + TLH + GTHS* (9)

RSH = 1.20† x L/sSA x (tRM – tSA) (10)

RLH = 3.0† x L/sSA x (wRM – wSA) (11)

RTH = 1.19† x L/sSA x (hRM – hSA) (12)

RTH = RSH + RLH (13)

OASH = 1.20 x L/sOA (tOA – tRM) (14)

OALH = 3.0 x L/sOA (wOA – wRM) (15)

OATH = 1.19 x L/sOA (hOA – hRM) (16)

OATH = OASH + OALH (17)

(BF)(OATH) = (BF)(OASH) + (BF)(OALH) (18)

ERSH = 1.20 x L/sDA‡ x (tRM – tADP)(1 – BF)(19)

ERLH = 3.0 x L/sDA‡ x (wRM – wADP)(1 – BF) (20)

ERTH = 1.19 x L/sDA‡ x (hRM – hADP)(1 – BF) (21)

TSH = 1.20 x L/sDA‡ x (tEDB – tLDB)** (22)

TLH = 3.0 x L/sDA‡ x (wEA – wLA)** (23)

GTH = 1.19 x L/sSA‡ x (hEA – hLA)** (24)

8.8.3. Sensible heat factor equations

RSH RSH
RSHF = = (25)
RSH + RLH RTH
ERSH ERSH
ESHF = = (26)
ERSH + ERLH ERTH
TSH TSH
GSHF = = (27)
TSH + TLH GTH

* RSHS, RLHS and GTHS are supplementary loads due to duct heat gain, duct leakage loss, fan and pump
power gains, etc. To simplify the various examples, these supplementary loads have not been used in
the calculations. However, in actual practice, these supplementary loads should be used where
appropriate. Section 7 gives the values for the various supplementary loads. Fig. 1, Section 1, illustrates
the method of accounting for these supplementary loads on the air conditioning load estimate.

† Item H of this section gives the derivation of these air constants.

‡ When no air is to be physically bypassed around the conditioning plant, L/sDA = L/sSA .
 8.8.4. Bypass factor equations
t LDB − t ADP t − t LDB
BF = ; (1 − BF) = EDB (28)
t EDB − t ADP t EDB − t ADP

w LA − w ADP w − w LA
BF = ; (1 − BF) = EA (29)
w EA − w ADP w EA − w ADP

hLA − h ADP h − hLA

BF = ; (1 − BF) = EA (30)
hEA − h ADP hEA − h ADP

8.8.5. Temperature equations at plant

(/s OA × t OA ) + (/s RA × t RM )
t EDB * * = (31)
/s SA ‡

tLDB = tADP + BF (tEDB – tADP) (32)

tEWB and tLWB correspond to the calculated values of hEA and hLA on the psychrometric chart.

(/s OA × hOA ) + (/s RA × hRM )

hEA * * = (33)
/s SA ‡

hLA = hADP + BF (hEA – hADP) (34)

8.8.6. Temperature equations for supply air

RSH
t SA = t RM − (35)
1.20( /s SA ‡ )

8.8.7. Air quantity equations

ERSH
/s DA = (36)
1.20 × (1 − BF)(t RM − t ADP )

ERLH
/s DA = (37)
3.0 × (1 − BF)(w RM − w ADP )

ERTH
/s DA = (38)
1.19 × (1 − BF)(hRM − h ADP )

TSH
/s DA ‡ = (39)
1.20( t EDB − t LDB )

TLH
/s DA ‡ = (40)
3.0(w EA − w LA )
 GTH
/s DA ‡ = (41)
1.19( hEA − hLA )

RSH
/s SA = (42)
1.20 × (t RM − t SA )

RLH
/s SA = (43)
3.0 × (w RM − w SA )

RTH'
/s SA = (44)
1.20 × (t RM − t SA )

/s BA = /s SA − /s DA (45)

Note: L/sDA will be less than L/sSA only when air is physically bypassed around the conditioning plant.

/s SA = /s OA + /s DA (46)

** When tM, wM and hM are equal to the entering conditions at the cooling plant, they may be
substituted for tEDB, wEA and hEA respectively.

8.8.8. Derivation of air constants

1
1.20 = 1.02 × = 1.21, say 1.20
0.842

Where:

1.20 = specific heat of moist air at 21°C DB and 50% RH, kJ/(kg DRY AIR)(°C)

0.842 = specific volume of moist air at 21°C DB and 50% RH, m³/kg.

1 2500
3 .0 = × = 2.97 say 3.0
0.842 1000

Where 0.842 = specific volume of moist air at 21°C DB and 50% RH, m³/kg.

2500 = average heat removal required to condense one kilogram of water vapour from the room air,
kJ/kg

1000 = gram per kilogram

1
1.19 = = 1.19
0.842

Where 0.842 = specific volume of moist air at 21°C DB and 50% RH, m³/kg.
 9. NOMENCLATURE AND SI SYMBOLS
Needs checking, needs more non-SI units in Table 61, eg bars and cub.m/hr because these are often
quoted by suppliers