ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT FACTOR

 Ratio of the room sensible heat to the room total heat

RSHF = RSH/RTH = RSH/(RSH + RLH)

Where
RSH = room sensible heat
RLH = Room latent heat
RTH = room total heat

 Point S represent supply air condition, point R is room design condition

 SR is room sensible heat factor line, the slope is the ratio of the room sensible heat ( RSH) to the
latent heat ( RLH)
Method to determine RSHF

 Locate point a in the sensible heat factor scale given in the right-hand corner of the
psychrometric chart. Point a represents the calculated value of RSHF.
 Join point a with the alignment circle b. line a-b is called the base line. Point b is called
alignment circle located in 26 C dbt and 50 % RH.
 Mark point R on the psychrometric chart representing the room design conditions.
 Through point R draw a line RR parallel to the base line ab. This line is the required room
sensible heat factor line.

GRAND SENSIBLE HEAT FACTOR

 Ratio of the total sensible heat to the grand total heat which the cooling coil or the conditioning
apparatus is required to handle.
GSHF = TSH/GTH
= TSH/(TSH+TLH)
= RSH + 0ASH
(RSH + OASH) + (RLH + OALH)
Where
TSH = total sensible heat = RSH + OASH
TLH = total latent heat = RLH + OALH
GTH = Grand total heat
= RSH + RLH + OASH + OALH
  Let v1 = volume of outside air or ventilation in m3/min
td1 = DBT of outside air, C
w1 = specific humidity of outside air, kg/kg d.a.
h1 = enthalpy of outside air in kJ/kg d.a.
td2 = DBT of room air, C
w2 = specific humidity of room air , kg/kg d.a.
h2 = enthalpy of room air, kJ/kg d.a.
 Outside air sensible heat
OASH = 0.02044 v1 (td1 -td2), kW

 Outside air latent heat

OALH = 50 v1 (w1 – w2), kW

 Outside air total heat

OATH = OASH + OALH
= 0.02 v1 (h1-h2), kW

How to plot Grand sensible heat factor

 Point 1 is the outside condition of air
 Point 2 represents the room air condition
 Point 3 is the mixture condition of air entering the cooling coil.
 Point 4 shows the supply air leaving the cooling coil.
 Line 3-4 is called grand sensible heat factor line (GSHF line )
 Extending the GSHF line up to saturation curve shows the apparatus dew point.
 Intersection of GSHF line and RSHF line gives the ideal conditions for supply air to the room.
EFFECTIVE ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT FACTOR
 Ratio of the effective room sensible heat to the effective total heat
ERSHF = ERSH/ERTH
= ERSH
ERSH + ERLH

Where
ERSH = effective room sensible heat
= RSH + OASH x BPF
= RSH + 0.02044 v1 (td1-td2) BPF
ERLH = Effective room latent heat
= RLH + OALH x BPF
= RLH + 50 v1 (W1-W2) BPF

 The line joining the point 2 and 6 (ADP) is the effective room sensible heat factor line ( ERSHF
line).
 For the by-pass factor; from point 4, draw 4-4’ parallel to 3-2. Similar triangulation 6-4-4’ & 6-3-
2,
BPF = length 4-6 = length 4’-6
Length 3-6 length 2-6

BPF = td4-ADP = td4’ -ADP

td3 -ADP td2 – ADP
 Alternate equation to solve ERSH, ERLH
ERSH = 0.02044 vd (td2 -ADP) (1- BPF), kW
ERLH = 50 vd (w2-wADP) (1- BPF), kW
ERTH = 0.02 vd (h2-hADP) (1- BPF)

where
vd = volume of dehumidified air to room or space, m 3/min
ADP = apparatus dew point
  Mass of dehumidified air
md = Room total heat
h2-h4
Example
A room has a sensible heat gain of 24 kW and a latent heat gain of 5.2 kW, and it has to be maintained
at 26 C DBT and 50 % RH. 180 m3/min of air is delivered to the room. Determine the state of supply air.
Solution
 Dry bulb temperature of the supply air
RSH = 0.02044 v (td1-td2)
24 = 0.02044 x 180 (26- td2)
td2 = 19.5 C
 Room sensible heat factor
RSHF = RSH/ ( RSH + RLH)
= 24/(24 + 5.2)
= 0.822
 Plot point 1 in the psychrometric chart at 26 C DBT and 50 % RH
 Point 1 is also the alignment circle equivalent to 26 C, 50 % RH
 Mark the calculated RSHF =0.822 on SHF scale of psychrometric chart as point a, joins with point
1
 Locate point 2 where td2=19.5 C meet with extended line a-1.
From psychrometric chart
tw2 = 16 C, wet bulb temperature
RH2 = 71 %

In an air-conditioning system, the inside and outside conditions are dry bulb temperature 25 C, relative
humidity 50 % and dry bulb temperature 40 C. wet bulb temperature 27 C respectively. The RSHF is 0.8.
50 % of the room air is rejected to atmosphere and an equal quantity of fresh air added before air enters
the air conditioning apparatus. If the fresh air added is 100 m 3/min, determine; RSH & RLH loads,
Sensible and latent heat load due to fresh air, ADP, w 1& dbt1 of air entering air conditioning apparatus.

Solution

 Point 1 is at 40 C dbt and 27 C wbt on chart.

 The inside condition as point 2 in 25 C dbt and 50 % RH
  Mark point 3 along line 1-2, the mixing condition
Length = length 1-2/2
 Mark the given RSHF on the RSHF scale on the right side of the chart, join this point in the
alignment circle (26 C dbt and 50% RH).
 Using point 2, draw a line 2-4 parallel to RSHF line.
 Point 4 represents the apparatus dew point (ADP)
 From psychrometric chart
h1 = 85.2 kJ/kg d.a.
h2 = 50 kJ/kg d.a.
h4 = 33 kJ/kg d.a.

Room sensible and Latent heat load

 Mass of air supplied in the room
ma = v3 x pa
= (100 + 100) 1.2
= 240 kg/min
 Room sensible heat load
RSH = ma cpm (td2-td1)
= 240 x 1.022 ( 25-11.8 )
= 3238 kJ/min
= 53.96 kW
 Room total heat load
RTH = ma(h2-h4)
= 240 (50 -33)
= 4080 kJ/min
= 68 kW
 Room Latent load
RLH = RTH-RSH
= 68- 53.96
= 14.04 kW

Sensible and Latent heat load due to fresh air

 Mass of fresh air
mF= v1 x pa
 = 100 x 1.2
=120 kg/min
 Total heat load; fresh air
THaF = mF (h1-h2)
= 120 (85.2-50)
= 4224 kJ/min
= 70.4 kW
 Sensible load of fresh air
SH = mf cpm (td1-td2)
= 120 x 1.022 (40 -25)
= 1840 kJ/min
= 30.67 kW
 Latent load of fresh air
LH = TH-SH
= 70.4 -30.67
= 39.73 kW
Apparatus dew point
 From psychrometric chart, ADP is at point 4
td4 = 11.8 C

Humidity ratio and DBT of air entering cooling coil

 From the chart at state 3
w3 = 0.0138 kg/kg d.a.
td3 = 32.5 C

An airconditioned space is maintained at 27 C DBT, 50% RH. The ambient conditions are 40 C DBT, 27
WBT. The space has a sensible heat gain of 14 kW. The supplied air to the space is at 7 C saturated.
Calculate; mass of air supplied in the space, latent heat gain of space & cooling load of washer if 30 % of
supplied air is fresh, the remainder is recirculated.

Solution

 Point 1: 40 C dbt, 27 C wbt

 Point 2; 27 C, 50 % RH
 Point 4; saturation curve at 7 C
 Point 3; mixing state lies on line 1-2
Length 2-3 = 0.3 x length 2-1
  Readings from psychrometric chart
h1= 85 kJ/kg d.a.
w1 = 0.0172 kg/kg d.a.
h2 = 56 kJ/kg d.a.
w2 = 0.0112 kg/kgda
h4 = 23 kJ/kgda

mass of moist air supplied in the space

 Mass of dry air supplied in the space
ma = ____Qs_____
cpm (td2-td4)
= 14 x 3600 cpm = 1.022 kJ/kgK---humid specific heat
1.022 (27-7)
= 2465.75 kg/h
 Mass of moist air supplied to the space
Moist = ma (1 + w4)
= 2465.75 (1 + 0.0062)
= 2481 kg/h

Latent heat gain of space in kW

 Latent heat gain of space
Ql = ma(w2-w4)hfg
= 2465.75 (0.0112 -0.0062) 2500
= 30822 kJ/hr
= 8.56 kW
Cooling load of air-washer
 Psychrometric readings
td3 = 31 C
h3 = 64.6 kJ/kg
 The cooling load on air washer
Qc = ma (h3-h4)
= 2465.75 (64.6 -23)
= 102575 kJ/h
= 28.5 kW

An airconditioned auditorium is to be maintained at 27 C DBT and 60 % RH. The ambient condition is 40

C dbt & 30 C wbt. The total sensible heat load is 100000 kJ/hr and the total latent load is 40000 kJ/h. 60
% of the return air is recirculated and mixed with 40 % of make-up air after the cooling coil. The air
leaving the coil is at 18 C. Determine: room sensible heat factor, the condition of air entering the
auditorium, the amount of make-up air, apparatus dew point and by-pass factor of the cooling coil.

Solution
Room sensible heat factor
RSHF = _____RSH_____
RSH + RLH
= 100,000/140,000
= 0.714
Condition of air entering the auditorium, using psychrometric chart
 Point 1 is at 40 C dbt and 30 C wbt
 Point 4 at 27 C and 60 % RH
 Mark the calculated RSHF at scale as point a.
 Join point a and the alignment circle b ( 26 dbt, 50 % RH )
 Draw a line 4-5 parallel to the line ab. point 5 is at saturation state.
 Locate point 2 at 18 C and in the line 4-5.
 Join point 1 and 2. Extend the line up to the saturation curve and mark as point 6.
 The line 1-2-6 is GSHF line.
 60% of supplied air is recirculated and mixed with 40 % of the make up air after cooling coil
 Point 3 is the mixing condition
Length 2-3 = 0.6
Length 2-4
 At point 3 of psychrometric chart
Td3 = 23 C
Tw3 = 19.5 C
RH = 72 %

Amount of make-up air

 From psychrometric chart
h4 = 61 kJ/kgda
h3 = 56 kJ/kgda
 Mass of supply air to the auditorium
ms = Room total heat
 h4-h3
= 100000 + 40000
61-56
= 28000 kg/h
 Mass of make-up air
M = 0.4 x 28 000
= 11200 kg/h

Apparatus dew point

 At point 6 of psychrometric chart
ADP = td6 = 13 C
By- pass factor of the cooling coil
BPF = td2 -ADP
td1-ADP
= 18-13
40-13
= 0.185

An airconditioned hall is to be maintained at 27 dbt & 21 C wbt. It has a sensible heat load of 46.5 kW
and a latent heat load of 17.5 kW. The air supplied from outside atmosphere at 38 C DBT and 27 WBT is
25 m3/min, directly into the room through ventilation and infiltration. Outside air to be conditioned
passed through the coil with 15 C ADP. The quantity of recirculated air from the hall is 60 %. This
quantity is mixed with the conditioned air after the cooling coil. Determine; condition of air after the coil
and before the recirculated air mixes with it, condition of air entering the hall, mass of fresh air entering
the cooler, by-pass factor of the cooling coil, refrigerating load on the cooling coil.

Solution

locate all data in psychrometric chart

 Point 1 is at 38 C dbt and 27 C wbt
 Point 4 is the design condition , 27 C dbt and 21 C wbt
 Point A is at the intersection of horizontal line along point 4 and vertical line along point 1,
representing the sensible and latent heat coming from outside air.
 Enthalpy at point 1 h1 = 85 kJ/kgda
 Enthalpy at point 4 h4 = 61 kJ/kgda
 Enthalpy at point A hA = 72.8 kJ/kgda
 Specific volume at 1 vs1 =0.907 m3/kgda
 Mass of air infiltrated the hall
ma= v1/vs1
= 25/0.907
= 27.56 kg/min
 Sensible heat load due to infiltrated air
Qs1 =ma (hA -h4)
= 27.56 (72.8 -61)
= 325.21 kJ/min
= 5.42 kW
  Latent load due to infiltrated air
Ql1 = ma (h1-hA)
= 27.56 (85- 72.8)
= 336.23 kJ/min
= 5.6 kW
 Total room sensible heat load
RSH = qs4 + qs1
= 46.5 + 5.42
= 51.92 kW
 Total room latent heat load
RLH = ql4 + ql1
= 17.5 + 5.6
= 23.1 kW
 Room sensible heat factor
RSHF = _RSH___
RSH + RLH
= 51.92
51.92 + 23.1
= 0.692
 Mark the value of RSHF at the scale as point a and connect at the alignment circle (26C, 50%RH)
 Using point 4, draw a line 4-5 parallel to a-alignment circle.
 Join point 1 with ADP=15 C at saturation curve. This line is GSHF line and intersect the RSHF line
at point 2; the condition of air leaving the cooling coil.
 Point 3 is the mixing condition; 60% recirculated of hall air + conditioned air in cooling coil
Length 2-3 = 0.6
Length 2-4

Condition of air after the coil and before mixing with recirculated air
 At point 2 in chart
td2 = 19 C
tw2 = 17.5 C
condition of air entering the hall; after mixing with recirculated air
 At point 3 in the chart
Td3 = 24 C
Tw3 = 19.8 C
Mass of fresh air entering the cooler
mF = total heat removed
h4-h2
= RSH + RLH
h4-h2
 = 51.92 + 23.1
61-49
= 6.25 kg/s
= 375 kg/min
By-pass factor of the cooling coil
BPF = __td2-ADP______
Td1- ADP
= 19-15
38-15
= 0.174
Refrigerating load on the cooling coil
TR = mF ( h1-h2)
= 375 (85-49)
= 13 500 kJ/min
= 64.3 TR

Exercise
1. Air flowing at the rate of 100 m 3/min at 40 C dbt and 50 % RH is mixed with another stream
flowing at the rate of 20 m 3/min at 26 C dbt and 50 % RH. The mixture flows over a cooling coil
whose apparatus dew point temperature is 10 C and by-pass factor is 0.2. find the dry bulb
temperature and relative humidity of air leaving the coil. If this air is supplied to an
airconditioned room where DBT of 26C and RH of 50 % are maintained, determine; room
sensible heat factor & TR of cooling load capacity.