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PROBLEMS 4: Capacitors and Capacitance (b) The potential difference across each capacitor
(c) The charge on each capacitor
(d) The energy stored in each capacitor
Example 1.
A parallel-plate capacitor has an area of 2 cm2 and Example 6.
a plate separation of 1mm. Find its capacitance. In the figure, find the equivalent capacitance of the
combination. Assume that C1 is 10.0 µF, C2 is 5.00 µF, and
Example 2. C3 is 4.00 µF.
An air-filled parallel-plate capacitor is to have a
capacitance of 1 pF. If the distance between the plates is
1 mm, calculate the required area of each plate. If the
plates are square, what is the length of each side? Express
your answer in mm.

Example 3.
An electric field of 3 x 106 V/m exists between the
plates of a circular parallel-plate capacitor that has a
separation distance of 2 mm.
(a) What is the voltage across the capacitor?
(b) What plate radius is required if the stored charge
is 10µC?

Example 7.
Example 4.
Three capacitors are arranged as shown in the figure.
Three capacitors of capacitances 2µF, 4µF and 5µF
C1 = 3µF, C2 = 5µF, and C3 = 6µF. calculate the equivalent
are connected in series across a 9V battery. Calculate
capacitance.
(a) the equivalent capacitance
(b) the charge on each capacitor
(c) the potential difference across each capacitor

Example 5.
Four capacitors of capacitances 5µF, 2µF, 1µF, and
6µF are connected in parallel across a 12-V battery.
Calculate
(a) The equivalent capacitance
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Example 8.
In the figure, V = 9.0 V, C1 = C2 = 30 µF and C3 = C4
= 15 µF. What is the charge on capacitor 4?

PROBLEMS 5: Direct-Current Circuits
Example 1.
A current of 2A flows through an automobile
headlight. What amount of charge flows through it in 30
minutes?
Example 2.
A wire 50.0 m long and 2.00 mm in diameter is
connected to a source with a potential difference of 9.11
V, and the current is found to be 36.0 A. Assume a
temperature of 20o and using the table of resistivities, what
metal is this wire made of?
Example 3.
What is the resistance of the resistor in this circuit?
Example 4.
What is the current in this circuit?
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Example 5.
A sample of copper wire of 0.2mm radius has a length
of 5m. What is the resistance of the wire?
Example 6.
What is the length of a copper wire having a radius
of 0.25mm if its resistance is found to be 0.2 Ω?
Example 7.
The resistance of a 50m length of wire is found to be
0.83 ohms. Its diameter is 1.15mm. What is its resistivity and
from what metal is it most probably made?
Example 8.
What is the resistance of a resistor with color code
green-violet-red-silver?
Example 9.
What is the color code for a 5KΩ, tolerance ± 5%
resistor?
Example 10.
What is the value of a 4-band resistor which has the
first band – Green, the second band – Blue, the third band-
orange, the fourth band – Gold?
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PROBLEMS 6: Resistors in Series and
Example 4.
Parallel A number of resistors of value 25 ohms are connected
in series to make an equivalent resistance of 450 ohms. How
many resistors are needed?
Example 1.
Three resistors of resistances 8, 12, and 24 ohms are
Example 5.
connected in parallel across a 12V source. Calculate
Two resistors are connected in series to a 12V power
(a) the equivalent resistance
supply. The voltage across one of the resistors is 10V. What
(b) the current in each resistor
is the voltage across the second resistor?
(c) the potential difference across each resistor

Example 6.
Example 2.
Two 8 Ω resistors are connected in parallel. The
The equivalent resistance of these three resistors is 20
parallel combination is then connected in series with a 10 Ω
ohms. What is the value of resistor R2?
resistors. What is the total resistance?

Example 7.
Calculate the equivalent resistance of the resistors
shown in the figure below.
Example 3.
The two resistors shown are connected in parallel. If
they were connected in series instead, what would be their
equivalent resistance?

Example 8.
Three resistors of 5Ω and two resistors of 8Ω are
connected in series. What is the equivalent resistance?
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Example 9.
A 90Ω resistor is connected in series with a bulb of
resistance 70Ω, and wires of resistance 8Ω. What is the total
resistance of the circuit?

Example 10.
A parallel circuit has two identical resistors. A current
of 4A flows from the battery. What is the value of the current
through each resistor?

Example 11.
Two resistors are connected in parallel. The voltage
across one of the resistors is 12V. What is the voltage across
the second resistor?
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PROBLEMS 7: Kirchhoff’s Laws

Example 1.
Find the value of I1.

Example 2.
Find I1, I2, I3.
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PROBLEMS 9: Magnetic Field on a moving
Example 4.
charged particle A proton (q = +1.6 x 10-19C), traveling with a velocity
of 4.5 x 106 m/s due east, experiences a magnetic force that
has a maximum magnitude of 8.0 x 10-14N and a direction
Example 1.
of due south. What are the magnitude and direction of the
What will happen to the magnetic field if the velocity
magnetic field causing the force?
is pointing toward positive x-direction and the force is
(b) Repeat part
facing upward?
(a) assuming the proton is replaced by an electron
(q = -1.6 x 10-19C).

Example 2.
Solution 4.
What will happen to the magnetic field if the velocity
Given:
is pointing out of the device and the force is facing
V = .5 x 106 m/s due east
upward?
q = +1.6 x 10-19C
F = 8.0 x 10-14N
RTF:
Magnetic field (B)
Solution:
𝐹
𝐹 = 𝑞𝑣𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 → 𝐵 = 𝑞𝑣𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
8.0𝑥10−14 𝑁
Example 3. 𝐵= 𝑀
1.6𝑥10−19 𝐶 (4.5𝑥106 𝑠 ) sin(90)
What will happen to the magnetic field if the velocity
B = 0.11 T (magnitude)
is pointing into the device and the force is facing towards
left.
V = to east
F = face south
B = point upward if q is +
B = point downward if q is –
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Example 5.
At a given instant, a proton moves in the positive x
direction in a region where a magnetic field is directed in
the negative z direction. What is the direction of the
magnetic force?

Example 6.
A charge of 50 μC moves in a magnetic field of 1.5 T
with a speed of 856 m/s making an angle of 1 degree with
the field (see figure below). What are the magnitude and
direction of the force acting on it?

Example 7.
An electron moving along the positive x axis
perpendicular to a magnetic field experiences a magnetic
deflection in the negative y direction. What is the direction
of the magnetic field?
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LESSON 10: Geometrical Optics Example 5.
Two persons stand 2.5m in front of a large plane mirror
and are spaced 3m apart in a dark room. At what angle of
Example 1. incidence should one of them shine a flashlight on the mirror
What is the speed of light in water? Nwater = 1.33 so that the reflected beam directly strikes the other person?

Example 2.
A beam of light is incident on a plane mirror at an
angle of 32o relative to the normal. What is the angle
between the incident and the reflected ray?

Example 6.
Light passes from air to water. If the angle of
Example 3. refraction is 20o, what is the angle of incidence? Nair = 1.0,
A beam of light enters water (n = 1.33) at an angle of Nwater = 1.33
60 relative to the normal to the water surface. Find the
o

angle of refraction. Nair = 1.0

Example 4.
A beam of light is incident on a plane mirror at an
angle of 47o relative to the mirror surface. What is the angle
between the reflected ray and the normal?
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Example 7.
A submerged diver shines a light toward the surface
of water at angles of incidence of 38o and 52o Can a person
on the shore see a beam of light emerging from the water
surface in either case?

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SOLUTION 4: Capacitors and Capacitance
Answer 2.
Given:
Answer 1. C = 1 pF
Given: d = 1mm
A = 2𝑐𝑚2 RTF:
d = 1𝑚𝑚 Area and its square root [since m2]
RTF: Solution:
Capacitance
C = 1 𝑝𝐹 → 1𝑥10−12 𝐹
Solution: 1𝑚
1𝑚2 d = 1𝑚𝑚 ∙ = 1𝑥10−3 𝑚
A = 2𝑐𝑚2 ∙ = 2𝑥10−4 𝑚2 1000𝑚𝑚
𝐹
100𝑐𝑚2 𝜀0 = 8.854𝑥10−12
1𝑚 𝑚
d = 1𝑚𝑚 ∙ = 1𝑥10 𝑚 −3
1000𝑚𝑚
𝜀0 = 8.854𝑥10−12
𝐹 FORMULA:
𝑚 𝐴 𝑑 𝑑
𝐶 = 𝜀0 ∙ → 𝐴𝐶 = →𝐴=𝐶
𝑑 𝜀0 𝜀0
𝐴
FORMULA = 𝐶 = 𝜀0 ∙
𝑑 1𝑥10−3 𝑚
𝐴 = 1𝑥10−12 𝐹 ∙ 𝐹
8.854𝑥10−12
𝑚
𝐹 2𝑥10−4 𝑚2
𝐶 = 8.854𝑥10−12 ∙ 𝐴 = 1.13𝑥10 𝑚−4 2
𝑚 1𝑥10−3 𝑚

SOLVING FOR LENGTH EACH SIDE:

𝐶 = 1.77𝑥10−12 𝑜𝑟 1.77 𝑝𝐹 A = s2
𝑠 = √𝐴 = √1.13𝑥10−4 𝑚2
1000 𝑚𝑚
P.S 𝑠 = 0.0106 𝑚 ∙
𝑚
= 10.6 𝑚𝑚
TINAMAD AKO GAWA NG SOLUTION YUNG IBA
EHEHHEHE