COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

LABORATORY 2: DIODE RECTIFIER

MEMBERS: Juliana Lumbres

(L)_________________________________ 2
GROUP: ____________
Jasmen Monteclaro
____________________________________

Emmanuel Quiatchon
____________________________________

____________________________________
Steven Fiestada
____________________________________

OBJECTIVES

● To be able to observe and analyze the output waveform of the circuit with sinusoidal input.
● To be able to draw the output waveform of the circuit.

COMPONENT

● Function Generator
● Oscilloscope
● Diodes 1N4001
● Resistors 1kΩ

PROCEDURE:

1) Using the oscilloscope, plot the input (Vi) and output (Vo) waveform of the circuit. Set the function
generator Vp = 5V with 60Hz.

[Place the waveform here. Label the graph and indicate the voltage level]

From the waveform, measure the peak voltage of VI and VO when the diode becomes forward bias. Also,
calculate the voltage across the diode during the peak voltage of VI and VO.
 2.5V

2V/Div

Figure 1: Forward-Voltagein

V ¿= ( Volts
¿ )
( peakVoltage )=
2Volts
¿
∗2.5V =5 V

1.4V

2V/Div

Figure 2: Forward-Voltageout

( Volts
V out =
¿ ) ( peakVoltage ) =
2.5 Volts
¿
∗1.4 V =2.8 V

V AK =V ¿ −V out =5 V −2.8V =2.2V

 Questions:
a. In what input cycle does the diode become forward bias and reverse bias?
During the positive half cycle, the diode is forward and conducts current. while during the
negative half-cycle, it is reverse biased and blocks the current
b. What is the input voltage when the diode becomes forward bias?
The proper functionality of a diode requires a minimum threshold voltage to surmount the
depletion region. Furthermore, the minimum threshold voltage in most cases for diodes is
approximately 0.7 volts to become forward biased. Also, when the voltage is reversed, the
reverse-bias voltage will produce a small amount of current through the diode, which is called
leakage current, but typically it is negligible. Last but not least, if you apply a significant
reverse voltage, it will cause a comprehensive electronic breakdown of the diode, thus allowing
the current to flow in the opposite direction through the diode.
c. Explain the output waveform:
Since the diode is positioned in the proper way, it allows the flow of current through the whole
circuit. That's why the output waveform turns full-wave; it rectifies the negative component of
the input voltage to a positive voltage and then converts it into DC utilizing a diode bridge
configuration.

2) Using the oscilloscope, plot the input (Vi) and output (Vo) waveform of the circuit. Set the function
generator Vp = 5V with 60Hz.

[Place the waveform here. Label the graph and indicate the voltage level]

From the waveform, measure the peak voltage of VI and VO when the diode becomes forward bias. Also,
calculate the voltage across the diode during the peak voltage of VI and VO.
Figure 3: Reverse-Voltagein

( Volts
V ¿=
¿ )
( peakVoltage )=
2Volts
¿
∗2.5V =5 V

Figure 4: Reverse-Voltageout
 V out = ( Volts
¿ )
( peakVoltage ) =
5 Volts
¿
∗0 V =0 V

V AK =0 V
Questions:
a. In what input cycle does the diode become forward bias and reverse bias?
The diode becomes forward bias when the positive half cycle of the AC input Voltage is being
displayed on the screen, while the reversed biased displayed negative half cycle.
b. What is the input voltage when the diode becomes forward bias?
When the diode becomes forward bias the input voltage always greater than threshold voltage
which is .7V, so it become forward bias when the input always greater than .7V
c. Explain the output waveform:
Since the diode is in reverse position it acts as insulator, not allowing the current to pass
through, and the negative side of the diode(cathode) becoming more positive than the anode.
That’s why it displayed the negative half cycle of the wave.

3) Plot the input (Vi) and output (Vo) waveform of the circuit.

[Place the waveform here. Label the graph and indicate the voltage level]

2.5V

2.5V/Div

Figure 5: Voltagein
 V ¿= ( Volts
¿ )
( peakVoltage )=
2Volts
¿
∗2.5V =5 V

1.2V

2V/Div

Figure 6: Voltageout

V out =( Volts
¿ )
( peakVoltage ) =
2 Volts
¿
∗1.2 V =2.4 V

V AK =V ¿ −V out =5 V −2.4 V =2.4 V

Question:
a. What is the peak voltage of Vo?
Ans. 1.2V
b. What is the voltage difference between peak input voltage and peak output voltage? What is that
value?
The voltage difference between peak input voltage and peak output voltage is 2.4 V

Individual Conclusion:

Fiestada Steven: A forward-biased diode is when the anode is connected to a more positive voltage
than the cathode, allowing current to flow through the diode in the forward direction. A reverse-
biased diode is when the cathode is connected to a more positive voltage than the anode, preventing
current from flowing through the diode. In an AC waveform, the diode alternates between forward-
biased and reverse-biased states. During the positive half-cycle of the AC waveform, the diode
becomes forward-biased, allowing current to flow through it. During the negative half-cycle of the
AC waveform, the diode becomes reverse-biased, blocking the flow of current.

Quiatchon: As a result, an exclusive kind of diode called a rectifier transforms alternating current
(AC) into direct current (DC). This is a crucial process because, unlike direct current, which flows
continuously in a single direction and is therefore easy to manage, alternating current might
occasionally reverse direction. Using oscilloscopes, electrical signals are visually shown on an
oscilloscope to demonstrate how they change over time. The oscilloscopes play a huge role in
completing our Laboratory Activity 2. An oscilloscope's main use is to measure voltage waveforms.
The oscilloscope shows both the wavelength of Vin and Vout, Vin has full wave, while the Vout has a
halfwave.

Monteclaro: As a conclusion, half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuits can be built. It can measure
and record their output voltages and curves systematically. Wherein half-wave and full-wave
rectifiers are used to convert AC to DC voltage. Therefore, full-wave rectifiers are most commonly
used in the rectification process because they are more efficient compared to half-wave rectifiers. In
half-wave rectification only, we get the output when the diode is forward biased; we get zero voltage
at the output when the diode is reverse biased, which means we are throwing away the negative or
blocked cycle of the waves. It means half-wave is not as effective in AC-to-DC conversion as full-
wave.

Lumbres: A rectifier is an electrical circuit that transforms an alternating current source into a
direct current supply. Direct current flows in just one direction, whereas alternating current reverses
the direction of each cycle. The diode is the fundamental component that allows the rectifier to
function. The following findings show that the output is produced for both the positive and negative
half cycles. It's also important to note that the output in some figure is pointing in the same direction
for both half cycles.