BLOCKCHAIN

BASED
DECENTRALISED
STORAGE
SYSTEM

Submitted in partial fulfilment of

therequirements of the degree
of

Bachelor of Technology

by

Aakash Goradia, 60003200087

Shubh Shah, 60003200072
Karan Thakkar, 60003200097

Project Guide
Prof. Sharvari Patil

Department of Information
Technology Dwarkadas J.
Sanghvi College of Engineering
University ofMumbai
2022-2023
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “Blockchain Based Decentralised
Storage System” is a Bonafide work of “Aakash Goradia”
(60003200087), “Shubh Shah” (60003200072), “Karan Thakkar”
(60003200097) submitted to the University of Mumbai in partial fulfillment of
the requirement for the award of the degree of “Bachelor of Technology” in
“Information Technology”.

Prof. Sharvari Patil

Guide

Dr. Vinaya Sawant Dr. Hari Vasudevan

Head of Department Principal

i
 Project Report Approval for
T.YBTech

This project report entitled “Blockchain Based Decentralized Storage System” by

“Aakash Goradia”, “Shubh Shah”,“Karan Thakkar” is approved for the degree of
Information Technology.

Examiners: 1 …………………….................

2 …………………….................

Date:
Place:

ii
 Declaration

We declare that this written submission represents our ideas in our own words
and where others' ideas or words have been included, we have adequately cited
and referenced the sources. We also declare that we have adhered to all
principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or
fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in our submission. We
understand that any violation of the above will cause disciplinary action by the
Institute and can also invoke penal action from the sources which have thus not
been properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken when
needed.

Aakash Goradia (60003200087) -----------------------------------

Shubh Shah (60003200072) -----------------------------------

Karan Thakkar (60003200097) -----------------------------------

(Name of student and SAP ID) (Signature)

Date:

iii
 Acknowledgment

We would like to share our sincere gratitude to all I those who helped us in the
completion of this project.

We would like to thank our college, Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi College of

Engineering, for providing us with such an opportunity to learn from these
experiences.

We would also like to show our gratitude to our Project Coordinator Prof. Sharvari
Patil for his continuous help and monitoring during the project work.

All our team is thankful to Dr. Vinaya Sawant and all the Faculties and Staff of the
Department of Information Technology Engineering, Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi
College of Engineering, for their help and support towards this project and our
team.

We are also thankful to our whole class and most of all to our
parents.

Aakash Goradia, 60003200087

Shubh Shah, 60003200072
Karan Thakkar, 60003200097

iv
 Abstract
Blockchain Based Decentralized Storage System: One Stop solution for document for
distributed storage and verification

A blockchain-based document verification system has emerged as a decentralized and

immutable solution for verifying the authenticity of documents. This system is built upon the
tamper-proof nature of blockchain technology to ensure that documents cannot be altered or
falsified once they are recorded on the blockchain. Our system utilizes a distributed platform
on web3, which stores documents for fraud, medical and other verification processes. The
system works by creating a unique digital fingerprint of the document, which is then recorded
on the blockchain. This fingerprint can be used to verify the authenticity of the document at
any point in the future.

Our system provides a reliable and trustworthy platform for storing and sharing sensitive
information. We have implemented a rigorous verification process for both users and
organizations, ensuring maximum security and authenticity. The use of MetaMask wallet for
transactions adds an extra layer of security to the system. A user can retrieve all his
documents from his profile, which is securely stored on the blockchain and has a unique
address.

The system eliminates the need for intermediaries, reducing the risk of fraud and errors in the
document verification process. This makes it an ideal solution for various industries, including
finance, healthcare, and legal, to streamline the document verification process and increase
trust and transparency. Our system represents a major step forward in secure data
management, and we are committed to continuing to innovate and improve our platform to
meet the evolving needs of our users.

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 Table of Contents
Acknowledgment........................................................................................... iv
Abstract .......................................................................................................... v
1. Introduction.............................................................................................. 1
1.1. Motivation/Objective .......................................................................................... 1
1.2. Major Challenges ................................................................................................. 2
1.3. Report Overview .................................................................................................. 3
2. Literature Survey ...................................................................................... 4
2.1. Existing Work ....................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1. Literature Related to Existing System .............................................................................. 4
2.1.2. Literature Related to Methodology / Approaches ........................................................... 7
2.1.3. Literature Related to Technology/Tools / Frameworks.................................................... 9
2.2. Observations on Existing Work ........................................................................... 10
3. Proposed Methodology/Approach .......................................................... 11
3.1. Problem Definition ............................................................................................. 11
3.2. Scope ................................................................................................................. 11
3.2.1. Assumptions and Constraints ......................................................................................... 12
3.3 Proposed Approach to build the System ............................................................. 13
3.3.1. Features of the proposed system .................................................................................. 13
3.3.2. Tools used for data collection, size of the sample and limitations ................................ 14
3.4 Benefits of Proposed Solution ............................................................................ 15
3.5 Project Resources............................................................................................... 15
3.5.1 Hardware Requirements .................................................................................................... 15
3.5.2 Hardware Requirements .................................................................................................... 16
3.5.3 Operating Requirements .................................................................................................... 16
 Blockchain Based Decentralized Storage System

Chapter 1
1. Introduction

This section defines the Motivation/Objective of the system along with the Major
Challenges faced to overcome those objectives and the Project Report which states
thereport overview of the project.

1.1. Motivation/Objective

The rapid growth of the digital economy has led to an increased need for secure and
trustworthy systems for storing and sharing sensitive information. Document verification is
an essential part of many industries, including finance, healthcare, and legal. However, the
traditional document verification process is often time-consuming, expensive, and prone to
errors and fraud.

Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution for secure document

verification. By using a decentralized and immutable ledger, blockchain can ensure that
documents cannot be altered or falsified once they are recorded on the ledger. This makes
it an ideal solution for industries that require high levels of security and trust.

The objective of this project is to develop a blockchain-based document verification system

that provides a reliable, secure, and efficient platform for storing and verifying documents.
We aim to create a distributed platform on web3 that can store documents for various
verification processes, including fraud, medical, and legal. The system will utilize a unique
digital fingerprint of the document, which will be recorded on the blockchain to ensure
maximum security and authenticity.

Our system will provide a rigorous verification process for both users and organizations,
ensuring that only authorized parties can access the documents. We will use MetaMask
wallet for transactions to add an extra layer of security to the system. A user can retrieve all
his documents from his profile, which will be securely stored on the blockchain and have a
unique address.

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 Blockchain Based Decentralized Storage System

Overall, the objective of this project is to develop a blockchain-based document

verification system that eliminates the need for intermediaries, reduces the risk of fraud and
errors, and increases trust and transparency in document verification processes. By
achieving this objective, we hope to provide a reliable and trustworthy platform for storing
and sharing sensitive information, which can be used in various industries to streamline
document verification processes and enhance security.

1.2. Major Challenges

• The implementation of a blockchain-based document verification system can face

several challenges. Some of the major challenges include:

• Adoption: The first challenge is to get individuals and organizations to adopt the
system. It requires a significant shift from the traditional methods of document
verification, and it can be challenging to convince stakeholders of the benefits of the
new system.

• Integration with existing systems: Integrating the new system with existing document
management and verification systems can be complex and time-consuming. This
challenge can require significant resources and expertise.

• Data privacy: As documents are recorded on the blockchain, there can be concerns
about data privacy and confidentiality. Ensuring that sensitive information is protected
and not accessible to unauthorized users is a critical challenge.

• Scalability: The blockchain technology is still in its early stages, and it can face
scalability challenges when it comes to handling large volumes of documents and
transactions. The system needs to be scalable to accommodate the increasing number
of documents and users over time.

• Legal and regulatory compliance: The legal and regulatory landscape for document
verification varies across different industries and countries. The blockchain-based
document verification system needs to comply with various regulations, including data
protection laws, intellectual property rights, and compliance requirements.

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 Blockchain Based Decentralized Storage System

• Overall, addressing these challenges is critical for the successful implementation and
adoption of a blockchain-based document verification system.

1.3. Report Overview

This report describes the development of a blockchain-based document verification

system, which provides a secure and trustworthy platform for storing and verifying
documents. The system utilizes a distributed platform on web3, which stores documents
for various verification processes, including fraud, medical, and legal. The system creates
a unique digital fingerprint of the document, which is then recorded on the blockchain to
ensure maximum security and authenticity.

The report begins with an introduction that outlines the objective of the project and
provides an overview of the system. The report then details the methodology used to
develop the system, including the design of the system architecture, the implementation of
the verification process, and the integration of the MetaMask wallet for transactions.

The report also describes the system's features, including the user and organization
verification process, the document storage and retrieval system, and the unique digital
fingerprinting system. The report highlights the advantages of using blockchain
technology for document verification, including increased security, reduced fraud and
errors, and enhanced trust and transparency.

Finally, the report provides a summary of the project's achievements and limitations, as
well as suggestions for future research and development. The report concludes that the
blockchain-based document verification system represents a major step forward in secure
data management, and has the potential to revolutionize the document verification process
in various industries.

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Chapter 2

2. Literature Survey

This section briefly states the Literature review done by us for the system which
includes literature related to existing systems, literature related to the various
Methodologies/Approaches/ Algorithms and literature related to Technology and
frameworks concluding with Observation on existing system which includes the
various features present in existing system and in what way are they useful in our
system.

2.1. Existing Work

2.1.1. Literature Related to Existing System

Many research papers have been published and after referring to these papers, these
are few points described in these papers.
1. Lv, J., Cui, T., & Zhang, Y. (2018). A Blockchain-based Document
Verification and Management System. International Journal of Grid and
Distributed Computing, 11(1), 49-58. proposes a system that uses
blockchain to store and verify documents. The system uses public-key
cryptography to create digital signatures of documents, which are then
stored on the blockchain. Smart contracts are used to automate the
verification process, and the system provides a user-friendly interface for
document management. The authors also discuss the security and privacy
implications of using blockchain for document verification.

2. Crossey, M., Pervez, Z., & Klepal, M. (2019). Towards Blockchain-based

Document Verification Systems. In 2019 International Conference on
Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI) (pp.
1101-1106). IEEE discusses the challenges and opportunities of using
blockchain for document verification. The authors propose a framework for
building blockchain-based document verification systems that includes a set

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of design principles and best practices. The framework addresses the

challenges of scalability, privacy, and interoperability, and takes advantage
of the opportunities offered by blockchain technology.

3. Kumar, A., Domanal, S. G., & Guruprasad, H. S. (2018). A Decentralized

Document Verification System using Blockchain. In 2018 International
Conference on Recent Advances in Electronics and Communication
Technology (ICRAECT) (pp. 156-160). IEEE proposes a decentralized
document verification system that uses blockchain to store and verify
documents. The system uses Merkle trees to create unique fingerprints of
documents, which are then stored on the blockchain. Smart contracts are
used to automate the verification process, and the system provides a
decentralized and tamper-proof way of verifying documents.

4. Wen, Y., Luo, X., & Lv, W. (2018). Blockchain-based Document

Authentication and Verification System. In 2018 15th IEEE International
Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS) (pp.
1-6). IEEE proposes a blockchain-based system for authenticating and
verifying documents. The system uses public-key cryptography to create
digital signatures of documents, which are then stored on the blockchain.
Merkle trees are used to verify the integrity of documents, and smart
contracts are used to automate the verification process. The authors also
discuss the security and privacy implications of using blockchain for
document verification.

5. Pathak, P. H., Patel, K. M., & Shah, V. R. (2019). An Efficient Blockchain-

based Document Verification System for IoT Applications. In 2019 3rd
International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication
(ICCMC) (pp. 110-115). IEEE proposes a blockchain-based system for
verifying documents in IoT applications. The system uses a combination of
Merkle trees and smart contracts to automate the verification process and
ensure the integrity of documents. The authors also discuss the challenges of
using blockchain for document verification in IoT applications, such as
limited computational resources and bandwidth.

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 Blockchain Based Decentralized Storage System

Overall, these research papers highlight the importance of using blockchain

technology for document verification and propose various methodologies,
approaches, and algorithms to achieve this goal. They provide insights into the
design and implementation of blockchain-based document verification systems
and offer solutions to overcome the challenges of using blockchain for
document verification.

2.1.2. Literature Related to Methodology / Approaches

Blockchain-based document verification systems use a variety of methodologies,

approaches, and algorithms to provide secure and efficient solutions for document
verification. Some of the notable methodologies, approaches, and algorithms used in
these systems are as follows:

Merkle Trees: Merkle trees are a data structure used to verify the integrity of large data
sets. In blockchain-based document verification systems, Merkle trees are used to create
a unique digital fingerprint of each document by combining the document's hash with
other hashes of related documents in a tree structure. Merkle trees make it possible to
verify the integrity of a large number of documents using a single hash.

Consensus Mechanisms: Consensus mechanisms are used to ensure that the information
recorded on the blockchain is accurate and tamper-proof. Popular consensus mechanisms
used in blockchain-based document verification systems include Proof of Work (PoW),
Proof of Stake (PoS), and Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS). These mechanisms ensure
that the blockchain is secure and resistant to attacks.

Smart Contracts: Smart contracts are self-executing contracts with the terms of the
agreement between buyer and seller being directly written into lines of code. In
blockchain-based document verification systems, smart contracts are used to automate
the verification process and ensure that documents are verified in a transparent and
tamper-proof manner. Smart contracts can be used to automate the entire document
verification process, from verifying the authenticity of the document to recording the
document's details on the blockchain.

Public-Key Cryptography: Public-key cryptography is used to ensure the authenticity

of the document and the identity of the user. In blockchain-based document verification

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systems, public-key cryptography is used to create a unique digital signature of each

document that can be verified using the user's public key. This ensures that the document
is authentic and that it was uploaded by the user who claims to have uploaded it.

Decentralized Storage: Decentralized storage solutions are used to store the digital
documents securely on the blockchain. Decentralized storage solutions eliminate the
need for a centralized authority to manage the storage of documents, which increases
transparency and reduces the risk of tampering. Popular decentralized storage solutions
used in blockchain-based document verification systems include IPFS and Swarm.

Overall, existing blockchain-based document verification systems use a range of

methodologies, approaches, and algorithms to provide secure and efficient solutions for
document verification. These systems leverage the advantages of blockchain technology,
such as decentralization, transparency, and immutability, to create tamper-proof and
trustworthy solutions for document verification.

2.2. Literature Related to Technology/Tools / Frameworks

IPFS:

IPFS, or InterPlanetary File System, is a protocol and network designed to create a

decentralized method of storing and sharing hypermedia in a distributed file system.
IPFS is a powerful tool for building decentralized applications and is widely used in
blockchain-based systems. With IPFS, users can easily store and retrieve large files
without relying on a centralized server, providing a more secure and efficient way of
storing and sharing data.

Solidity:

Solidity is a high-level programming language used for writing smart contracts on the
Ethereum blockchain. It is designed to be simple and easy to learn, while also being
powerful enough to create complex smart contracts. Solidity provides a number of
built-in data types and functions that allow developers to write secure and efficient
code that can be executed on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).

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Ganache:

Ganache is a personal blockchain for Ethereum development. It provides a local

blockchain environment that can be used to test and deploy smart contracts, without
the need for a live Ethereum network. Ganache comes with a number of useful
features, including a built-in Ethereum client, a simple user interface, and the ability to
run automated tests.

Truffle:

Truffle is a development framework for Ethereum that provides a suite of tools and
utilities for building and deploying smart contracts. Truffle simplifies the development
process by providing a set of best practices, automated build processes, and a
standardized project structure. It includes features such as smart contract compilation,
deployment, and testing, and can be used with a variety of different blockchain
networks.

MetaMask:

MetaMask is a browser extension that allows users to access Ethereum-based

applications without the need for a full Ethereum node. MetaMask acts as a digital
wallet, allowing users to securely store and manage their Ethereum-based assets, and
also provides a simple way to interact with Ethereum-based applications.

ReactJS:

ReactJS is a JavaScript library used for building user interfaces. It is maintained by

Facebook and is widely used in web development. ReactJS provides a number of
useful features, including a component-based architecture, a virtual DOM, and a
reactive programming model. It is commonly used in building front-end applications
for blockchain-based systems.

Tailwind:

Tailwind is a CSS framework that provides a set of pre-designed components and

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utilities that can be used to build responsive and scalable user interfaces. It is designed
to be highly customizable, allowing developers to create unique designs that reflect
their brand or product. Tailwind is commonly used in building front-end applications
for blockchain-based systems, as it allows developers to quickly and easily create
attractive and user-friendly interfaces.

2.3. Observations on Existing Work

Based on the literature review, the following observations can be made:

1. Blockchain technology is increasingly being used for document verification and

management, as it provides a secure and tamper-proof way to store and verify
documents.

2. Public-key cryptography, Merkle trees, and smart contracts are common

techniques used in blockchain-based document verification systems to create
digital signatures of documents, create unique fingerprints of documents, and
automate the verification process.

3. The research papers highlight the challenges of using blockchain technology for
document verification, such as scalability, privacy, and interoperability, as well as
the security and privacy implications of using blockchain for document
verification.

4. The proposed blockchain-based document verification systems offer a

decentralized and tamper-proof way of verifying documents, which can improve
trust, transparency, and efficiency in various industries.

5. There is a growing interest in using blockchain technology for document

verification in IoT applications, which poses unique challenges due to limited
computational resources and bandwidth.

6. Overall, the literature review suggests that blockchain technology has the potential
to transform the document verification and management process and offers
solutions to overcome the challenges of using blockchain for document
verification.

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Chapter 3

3. Proposed Methodology/Approach

This section includes the problem definition of our system obtained after a
detailed literature survey and the scope of our project stating various modules and
features of the system. The section also states the assumptions made by us and the
constraints that need to be kept in mind while designing the system. In addition, the
section also contains the proposed approach to build the system along with the
software, hardware, and operating requirements for smooth working of the
system.

3.1. Problem Definition

The problem definition of a blockchain-based document verification system is the

inefficiency, cost, and risks associated with traditional document verification methods.
Traditional methods such as manual verification and authentication by intermediaries
such as notaries and lawyers are time-consuming, expensive, and prone to errors and
fraud. The increasing use of digital documents has made it challenging to ensure the
authenticity and integrity of the documents.

The lack of a secure and efficient system for document verification has led to a need for a
more innovative solution. A blockchain-based document verification system aims to
address these challenges by providing a decentralized, tamper-proof, and transparent
solution for document verification. This system can eliminate the need for intermediaries,
reduce the risk of fraud and errors, and increase trust and transparency in the document
verification process.

Therefore, the problem definition is the need for a more secure, efficient, and cost-
effective way of verifying the authenticity of documents in various industries such as
finance, healthcare, legal, and others. The blockchain-based document verification system
offers a solution to this problem by leveraging the tamper-proof and decentralized nature

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of blockchain technology.

3.2. Scope

The scope of a blockchain-based document verification system is to provide a

decentralized, tamper-proof, and transparent solution for verifying the authenticity and
integrity of digital documents. The system's primary focus is to create a secure, efficient,
and cost-effective process for document verification that can be used in various industries,
including finance, healthcare, legal, and others.

The system's features and functionalities may include document registration,

timestamping, and verification, creating a unique digital fingerprint of each document,
recording the document's details on the blockchain, and creating an immutable record of
the document. The system may also provide a user-friendly interface for users to interact
with the system, and it may include tools for managing document workflows and
permissions.

The system's benefits include reducing the risk of fraud and errors in the document
verification process, eliminating the need for intermediaries such as notaries and lawyers,
increasing transparency and trust, and reducing costs associated with traditional document
verification methods.

The system's scope may be limited by legal and regulatory requirements in various
industries and countries. The system must comply with data protection laws and
intellectual property rights, and it must ensure data privacy and security for users. The
adoption of the system may also be limited by the level of trust and familiarity with
blockchain technology, particularly in industries that are not yet familiar with the
technology.

Overall, the scope of a blockchain-based document verification system is to provide a

secure, efficient, and cost-effective solution for document verification. The system's
success will depend on its ability to address the limitations and challenges associated with
implementing the system while providing a transparent, tamper-proof, and decentralized
solution for document verification.

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3.2.1. Assumptions and Constraints

Assumptions:

• The system assumes that all documents to be verified are in digital form and
can be easily accessed by the system.

• The system assumes that users have access to the necessary technology and
infrastructure to use the system.

• The system assumes that users have the necessary knowledge and skills to
operate the system.

• The system assumes that documents recorded on the blockchain are valid
and authentic.

Constraints:

• The system is subject to legal and regulatory requirements in various

industries and countries.

• The system may face challenges related to scalability, particularly if there is

a high volume of documents to be verified.

• The system must ensure data privacy and comply with data protection laws
and intellectual property rights.

• The adoption of the system may be limited by the level of trust and
familiarity with blockchain technology.

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3.3 Proposed Approach to build the System

3.3.1. Features of the proposed system

The proposed blockchain-based document verification system has several features that
enhance the security, integrity, and accessibility of the documents being verified. The
system's features include:

Decentralized architecture: The system is built on a decentralized blockchain network

that ensures there is no single point of failure or vulnerability.

Immutable ledger: All document verification records are stored on an immutable ledger,
ensuring that they cannot be altered or deleted once they are added to the blockchain.

Smart contracts: The system uses smart contracts to automate the verification process and
enforce the rules and conditions set by the document owner.

Document encryption: Documents uploaded to the system are encrypted to ensure

confidentiality and protect against unauthorized access.

Timestamping: The system uses timestamping to record the time and date of each
document verification event, ensuring a secure audit trail.

Access control: The system provides access control mechanisms to ensure that only
authorized parties have access to the verified documents.

User-friendly interface: The system has a user-friendly interface that allows document
owners to easily upload and manage their documents and allows authorized users to easily
access and verify them.

Scalability: The system is designed to handle a large number of documents and users,
ensuring that it can scale as the user base grows.

These features work together to provide a secure and reliable document verification system
that can be trusted by all parties involved.

3.4 Benefits of Proposed Solution

i. Improved Security: One of the biggest advantages of a blockchain-based
system is its security. Documents are recorded on the blockchain, which is an
immutable and tamper-proof ledger, making it nearly impossible to alter or
falsify documents.

ii. Decentralized: Unlike traditional document verification systems, which rely on

a centralized authority, a blockchain-based system is decentralized. This means
that there is no single point of failure, and documents can be verified by anyone

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with access to the blockchain.

iii. Increased Efficiency: A blockchain-based system can streamline the document

verification process by eliminating intermediaries and reducing the need for
manual checks. This can save time and reduce the risk of errors.

iv. Lower Cost: By eliminating intermediaries and automating many of the

verification processes, a blockchain-based system can reduce costs associated
with document verification.

v. Increased Transparency: The use of a blockchain-based system can increase

transparency and accountability, as all transactions are recorded on the blockchain,
providing an auditable trail.

vi. Greater Trust: A blockchain-based system can increase trust in the document
verification process by providing a secure and tamper-proof way to verify
documents. This can be particularly important in industries such as finance,
healthcare, and legal, where trust is paramount.

vii. Improved Accessibility: A blockchain-based system can make document

verification more accessible, as users can access their documents from anywhere
with an internet connection. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals who
need to verify their documents for travel, employment, or other purposes.

3.5 Project Resources

3.5.1 Hardware Requirements

• A computer or server capable of running the required software

• Adequate storage space for storing documents and blockchain data
• A stable and reliable internet connection

3.5.2 Software requirements:

• An Ethereum client such as Geth or Parity to interact with the Ethereum blockchain
• A development framework such as Truffle to build and deploy smart contracts
• IPFS for storing documents on a distributed file system
• A web framework such as Flask or Node.js for building the web application
• React.js for building the user interface
• Metamask for interacting with the blockchain and signing transactions

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• Solidity for programming smart contracts

3.5.3 Operating requirements:

• The system should be designed to run on any operating system, including
Windows, Mac OS, and Linux
• The system should be compatible with popular web browsers such as Chrome,
Firefox, and Safari
• The system should be designed to scale horizontally to handle increasing amounts
of traffic and data
• The system should be regularly updated to ensure that it remains secure and up-to-
date with the latest software and security patches.

In summary, a blockchain-based document verification system requires a

computer or server with adequate storage space and a stable internet
connection, as well as various software components such as an Ethereum
client, IPFS, web frameworks, and smart contract programming languages.
The system should be designed to run on any operating system and be
regularly updated to ensure security and performance.

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